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List of counties in New Jersey

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Counties of NewJersey
A clickable New Jersey county map
A clickable New Jersey county map
LocationNew Jersey
Number21
Populations65,874 (Salem) – 978,641 (Bergen)
Areas47 square miles (120 km2) (Hudson) – 805 square miles (2,080 km2) (Burlington)
Government
Subdivisions
  • Boroughs, cities, towns, townships, and villages

There are 21counties in the U.S. state ofNew Jersey. These counties together contain 564municipalities, oradministrative entities composed of clearly defined territory; 253boroughs, 52cities, 15towns, 240townships, and 4villages.[1] In New Jersey, a county is a local level of government between the state and municipalities. County government in New Jersey includes aBoard of County Commissioners,[2] sheriff, clerk, andsurrogate (responsible for uncontested and routine probate),[3] all of which are elected positions. Counties organized under the Optional County Charter Law may also have an electedcounty executive.[4] Counties traditionally perform state-mandated duties such as the maintenance of jails, parks, and certain roads.[5] The site of a county's administration and courts is called thecounty seat.

History

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See also:History of New Jersey

New Jersey was governed by two groups of proprietors as two distinct provinces,East Jersey andWest Jersey, between 1674 and 1702. New Jersey's first counties were created as administrative districts within each province, with East Jersey split in 1675 intoBergen,Essex,Middlesex andMonmouth counties, while West Jersey's initial counties ofBurlington andSalem date to 1681.[6][7] The most recent county created in New Jersey isUnion County, created in 1857 and named after the union of the United States when theCivil War was imminent. New Jersey's county names derive from several sources, though most of its counties are named after place names inEngland and prominent leaders in the colonial and revolutionary periods.Bergen County is the most populous county—as of the 2020 Census—with 955,732 people, whileSalem County is the least populous with 64,837 people.

New Jersey legislature representation

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Map
Interactive map of counties inNew Jersey

Until the 1960s, theNew Jersey Senate had 21 representatives, one from each county regardless of population. In the wake of the 1964 decision by theSupreme Court of the United States inReynolds v. Sims, establishing theone man, one vote principle that state legislative districts must be approximately equal in size,David Friedland filed suit inNew Jersey Supreme Court on behalf of two union leaders, challenging a system under which each county was represented by a single member in theNew Jersey Senate. The court ruled unanimously that the existing system was unconstitutional, ordered that interim measures be established by statute for the 1965 legislative elections, and ordered that the needed constitutional changes to restructure theNew Jersey Legislature to be in compliance with "one man, one vote" requirements be in place before elections took place in 1967.[8] The senate unilaterally—by internal rule, not by statute—enacted a proposal whereby each senator's vote would be weighted based on the population of the county represented, under whichCape May County's senator would receive one vote while the senator fromEssex County would receive 19.1 votes, in direct relation to the ratio of residents between counties.[9] The Supreme Court ruled unanimously that it was unconstitutional for the senate to adopt a weighted voting system unilaterally.[9][10] In 1966, the constitution was amended to establish 40 districts statewide, each represented by one senator and two assembly members, without relation to county boundaries.[11]

FIPS code

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New Jersey counties by population as of 2020 with darker colors indicating a higher population

TheFederal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) code, used by the United States government to uniquely identify counties, is provided with each entry. FIPS codes are five-digit numbers; for New Jersey the codes start with 34 and are completed with the three-digit county code. The FIPS code for each county in the table links to census data for that county.[12]

List of counties

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County
FIPS code[12]County seat[13]Largest City[14]Est.[13]Formed from[6][7]Named for[15]Density (per mi2)Pop.[16]Area[13]Map
 
Atlantic County001Mays LandingEgg Harbor Township 47,8421837Gloucester CountyTheAtlantic Ocean, which forms the county's eastern border497.53279,114561 sq mi
(1,453 km2)		A county in the southeast part of the state. It is medium in size.
Bergen County003HackensackHackensack 46,0301683One of four original counties created inEast JerseyBergen, New Netherland settlement4,182.23978,641234 sq mi
(606 km2)		A county in the northeast part of the state. It is small.
Burlington County005Mount HollyEvesham Township 46,8261694One of two original counties created inWest JerseyThe old ancient name for an inland market nearBridlington, England590.70475,515805 sq mi
(2,085 km2)		A county in the southern part of the state. It gets wider as it goes northeast. It is one of the largest counties.
Camden County007CamdenCherry Hill 74,5531844Gloucester CountyCharles Pratt, 1st Earl Camden (1714–1794), an English supporter of the colonists during the American Revolution[17]2,405.35533,988222 sq mi
(575 km2)		A county in the southwest part of the state. It is very small.
Cape May County009Cape May Court HouseLower Township 22,0571692Burlington CountyCape May, named in turn for the 17th-century Dutch explorerCornelius Jacobsen Mey, who explored and surveyed theDelaware Bay to the south of the county368.1493,875255 sq mi
(660 km2)		A county the makes up the southern tip of the state. It is one of the smallest.
Cumberland County011BridgetonVineland 60,7801748Salem CountyPrince William, Duke of Cumberland (1721–1765), second son ofGeorge II of Great Britain and military victor at theBattle of Culloden in 1746318.36155,678489 sq mi
(1,267 km2)		A county in the southern part of the state, west of the tip. It is averagely sized.
Essex County013NewarkNewark 311,5491683One of four original counties created inEast JerseyThe county ofEssex in England6,996.25881,527126 sq mi
(326 km2)		A county in the northeast part of the state. It is one of the smallest.
Gloucester County015WoodburyWashington Township 48,6771686Burlington CountyThe city ofGloucester, England959.33311,783325 sq mi
(842 km2)		A county in the southwest part of the state. It is averagely sized.
Hudson County017Jersey CityJersey City 292,4491840Bergen CountyThe English explorerHenry Hudson (d. 1611), who explored portions of New Jersey's coastline15,663.51736,18547 sq mi
(122 km2)		A county in the northeast part of the state. It is the smallest county.
Hunterdon County019FlemingtonRaritan Township 23,4471714Burlington CountyRobert Hunter (1664–1734), the Colonial Governor of New Jersey from 1710 to 1720306.30131,708430 sq mi
(1,114 km2)		A county in the west part of the state, just north of the divide between north and south. It is averagely sized.
Mercer County021TrentonHamilton Township 92,2971838Burlington, Hunterdon, Middlesex, and Somerset countiesTheContinental ArmyGeneralHugh Mercer (1726–1777), who died at theBattle of Princeton[18]1,735.12392,138226 sq mi
(585 km2)		A county in the western part of the state, just above an indentation. It is small compared to its neighbors.
Middlesex County023New BrunswickEdison 107,5881683One of four original counties created inEast JerseyThe historic county ofMiddlesex in England2,862.12890,119311 sq mi
(805 km2)		A county in the northern part of the state. It is averagely sized.
Monmouth County025Freehold BoroughMiddletown Township 67,1061683One of four original counties created inEast JerseyThe historicCounty of Monmouth inGreat Britain1,371.86647,520472 sq mi
(1,222 km2)		A county in the central-western part of the state. It is averagely sized and gets skinnier in the west.
Morris County027MorristownParsippany-Troy Hills 56,1621739Hunterdon CountyColonelLewis Morris (1671–1746), colonial governor ofNew Jersey at the time of the county's formation[19][20]1,115.25523,053469 sq mi
(1,215 km2)		A county in the northern part of the state, landlocked by other counties. It is well-sized.
Ocean County029Toms RiverLakewood Township 135,1581850Monmouth and Burlington countiesTheAtlantic Ocean, which forms the eastern border of New Jersey1,047.85666,434915 sq mi
(2,370 km2)		A county in the southeast part of the state. It is large and gets skinnier in the south.
Passaic County031PatersonPaterson 159,7321837Bergen and Essex countiesPasaeck, aLenape word meaning "valley"2,846.47526,597185 sq mi
(479 km2)		A county in the north-central part of the state. It is small, and has two wide parts with a skinny area between them.
Salem County033SalemPennsville Township 12,6841694One of two original counties created inWest JerseySalem, Biblical town, which takes its name from theHebrew word for "peace."194.8965,874338 sq mi
(875 km2)		A county in the southwest part of the state. It is averagely sized.
Somerset County035SomervilleFranklin Township 68,3641688Middlesex CountyThe county ofSomerset in England1,172.02357,467305 sq mi
(790 km2)		A county landlocked by other counties in the northern part of the state. It is small.
Sussex County037NewtonVernon Township 22,3581753Morris CountyThe county ofSussex in England283.00147,444521 sq mi
(1,349 km2)		A county in the northwest corner of the state. It is larger than most surrounding counties.
Union County039ElizabethElizabeth 137,2981857Essex CountyThe union of the United States, which was being threatened by the dispute over slavery5,768.54594,160103 sq mi
(267 km2)		A county in the northeast part of the state, on an indentation. It is one of the smallest counties.
Warren County041BelviderePhillipsburg 15,2491824Sussex CountyTheAmerican Revolutionary War GeneralJoseph Warren (1741–1775), killed at theBattle of Bunker Hill312.94112,031358 sq mi
(927 km2)		A county in the northwest part of the state. It is averagely sized.

See also

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References

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  1. ^"New Jersey – Place and County Subdivision". U.S. Census Bureau. Archived fromthe original on November 22, 2009. RetrievedSeptember 6, 2009.
  2. ^Coppa, Frank J. (2000).County government: a guide to efficient and accountable government. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 39–40.ISBN 978-0-275-96829-8. RetrievedAugust 31, 2009.
  3. ^Coppa,County government, p.165Archived July 5, 2014, at theWayback Machine
  4. ^Coppa,County government, p.108Archived July 5, 2014, at theWayback Machine
  5. ^"An Overview of County Government". National Association of Counties. Archived fromthe original on April 17, 2013. RetrievedFebruary 1, 2011.
  6. ^ab"County Formation Map"(PDF). New Jersey Association of Election Officials. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on July 24, 2007. RetrievedAugust 30, 2009.
  7. ^abTorp, Kim (2006)."New Jersey County Formation". Genealogy Trails.Archived from the original on March 17, 2021. RetrievedAugust 30, 2009.
  8. ^Jackman v. Bodine, 43 N.J. 453 (November 25, 1964), archived fromthe original on July 2, 2023.
  9. ^abWright, George Cable (December 16, 1964)."Weighted Voting Voided in Jersey; State's Highest Court Bars Senate's Plan—No Ruling on Its Constitutionality".The New York Times.Archived from the original on December 15, 2020. RetrievedSeptember 1, 2009.
  10. ^Jackman v. Bodine, 205 A. 2d 735 (December 15, 1964), archived fromthe original on July 2, 2023.
  11. ^"New Jersey State Constitution 1947". November 2020. Art. IV § II and art. XI § V (amended December 8, 1966). RetrievedJuly 2, 2023.
  12. ^ab"County FIPS Code Listing for the State of New Jersey". US Environmental Protection Agency. Archived fromthe original on July 1, 2016. RetrievedMay 27, 2016.
  13. ^abc"NACo – Find a county". National Association of Counties. Archived fromthe original on January 12, 2008. RetrievedJanuary 25, 2008.
  14. ^"Population Density by County and Municipality: New Jersey, 2010 and 2017"(PDF).New Jersey Department of Health.Archived(PDF) from the original on October 19, 2020. RetrievedOctober 28, 2020.
  15. ^Hutchinson, Viola L.The Origin of New Jersey Place NamesArchived November 15, 2015, at theWayback Machine, New Jersey Public Library Commission, May 1945. Accessed November 14, 2015.
  16. ^"U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: New Jersey".Archived from the original on October 24, 2021. RetrievedMarch 15, 2025.
  17. ^Greenberg, Gail (August 30, 2009)."A Brief History of Camden County". Camden County Board of Freeholders. Archived fromthe original on June 23, 2009. RetrievedAugust 31, 2009.
  18. ^"History". Mercer County Cultural & Heritage Commission. Archived fromthe original on February 21, 2009. RetrievedAugust 31, 2009.
  19. ^"The Land Past and Present". Morris County Board of Chosen Freeholders. Archived fromthe original on August 22, 2009. RetrievedAugust 30, 2009.
  20. ^"How did our county get its name?". Morris County Library. July 26, 2008. Archived fromthe original on February 23, 2009. RetrievedAugust 31, 2009.

Further reading

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External links

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