Thislist of bridges in Hamburg is incomplete, with an overview of their history and geography. In this article, thebridges are listed by Hamburg'sthree major rivers (Alster,Bille andElbe) and the respectively crossedbody of water (river, creek, canal, fleet, harbor basin or else). The Elbe is by far the largest of the three. Unlike Alster and Bille, the Elbe is also within theNorth Sea'stidal influence, and Elbe bridges differ substantially from the ones on Alster and Bille. All three rivers are fed by a number of smaller rivers and also feature a number of branches or sidearms.
Hamburg has more than 2,496 bridges, the most bridges of any city in Europe. Besides the Hanseatic city's mercantile and maritime history, the many rivers, canals and bridges lend to Hamburg's claim as the "Venice of the North". A 2004 report by the Department for Roads, Bridges and Waterways (LSBG) states a total number of 2,496 bridges in Hamburg,[1][2] many more than cities likeVenice,Amsterdam orSaint Petersburg. Given the city's waterborne geography and theport's heavy duty requirements, bridges in Hamburg also cover a great variety of architectural styles and innovative structural systems.[3] Function-wise the total number of bridges break down to 1,172 road bridges, 987 railroad bridges (of which 407Hochbahn bridges) and 470footbridges (of which 290 withinpublic parks and green spaces).[1][3] 383 bridges are under management of theHamburg Port Authority.[3]
The most notable bridges in Hamburg include the historicinner-city bridges passing theLower Alster (plus canals), the bridges acrossSpeicherstadt canals, and the grand bridges spanning the Elbe'sNorderelbe andSüderelbe anabranches, most commonly known asElbbrücken.
For centuries, the only bridges in Hamburg were across theLower Alster and its canals in theAltstadt (old town). Repeated redirecting of the Alster canals resulted in ever new bridges to go with them. Ultimately, most of the pre-17th century bridges were destroyed in theGreat Fire of 1842; the oldest remaining bridges in Hamburg areZollenbrücke (1633) andEllerntorsbrücke (1668).
Most of today's bridges in the inner city date from the 1840s reconstruction, during which over two dozen, mainlyRenaissance Revivalstone arch bridges were erected under then building directorJohann Hermann Maack [de] (1809–1868). Maack's bridges tied into a general urban redevelopment of the inner city[3] which was similarly seen in a number ofEuropean cities of the mid 19th century, and still characterizes many of theNeustadt's canals.
Most of the bridges across the Upper Alster and adjoining canals were first built in conjunction with the area's extensive residential developments from the 1860s onwards. Some of them were gradually replaced during the 1920s, withFritz Schumacher in particular establishing a brick-arch-prototype for many bridges.
Bridges across theAlster (Alsterbrücken) in Hamburg; some 31 km (19 mi) of the Alster's total of 56 km (35 mi) lie within Hamburg.
A great number of the city's Alster bridges are located in theresidential districts along the Upper Alster and its tributaries and accompanying side canals.
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| Image | Name | Built | Length | Location | Notes | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ↓Alster (Hamburgstate border) | ||||||||
 | Ratsmühlendammbrücke | 1991 | Fuhlsbüttel,Ohlsdorf | |||||
 | Hasenbergbrücke | 1913 | Ohlsdorf | |||||
 | Sengelmannbrücke | 1919 (2001) | 36 m (118 ft) | Alsterdorf | ||||
 | Hindenburgbrücke | 1920 | Alsterdorf | |||||
 | Dammbrücke | 1918 | Alsterdorf | |||||
 | Metzgerbrücke | Alsterdorf | ||||||
 | Deelbögebrücke | Alsterdorf | ||||||
| Bahnbrücke | 1941 | Alsterdorf | carries theHamburg freight rail bypass | |||||
 | Meenkbrücke | Eppendorf,Winterhude | ||||||
 | Fährhausbrücke | Eppendorf,Winterhude | ||||||
| ↓ Eppendorfer Mühlenteich | ||||||||
 | Hudtwalckerbrücke | 1921 | 72 m (236 ft) | Eppendorf,Winterhude | carries Hudtwalckerstraße, part ofBundesstraße 5 | |||
 | U1 Hochbahn Viaduct | 1912 | Eppendorf,Winterhude | carriesHamburg U-Bahn line | ||||
 | U3 Hochbahn Viaduct | 1912 | Eppendorf,Winterhude | carriesHamburg U-Bahn line (Circle line) | ||||
 | Goernebrücke | 1909 | 72 m (236 ft) | Eppendorf,Winterhude | ||||
 | Streekbrücke 53°35′1″N9°59′43″E / 53.58361°N 9.99528°E /53.58361; 9.99528 | 1913[4] (1927) | 40 m (130 ft) | Harvestehude,Winterhude | ||||
 | Krugkoppelbrücke 53°34′48″N9°59′58″E / 53.58000°N 9.99944°E /53.58000; 9.99944 | 1890[4] (1928) | 72 m (236 ft) | Harvestehude,Winterhude | designed byFritz Schumacher | |||
| ↓Außenalster | ||||||||
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The Alster is joined by theTarpenbek at Eppendorfer Mühlenteich on its right side; a little further downstream, theLeinpfadkanal branches off the Alster's left side and creates a water link with a number of canals, including theGoldbekkanal, which in turn feeds into the Alster's system atAußenalster. Again on the right ride, theIsebekkanal joins the Alster's water shortly before reaching the Außenalster.
Bridges acrossTarpenbek; the Tarpenbek empties into the Alster at Eppendorfer Mühlenteich.
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Bridges across Leinpfadkanal; the Leinpfadkanal runs parallel to the Alster.
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Bridges acrossIsebek and Isebekkanal
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Bridges across Barmbeker Stichkanal, Goldbekkanal, Mühlenkampkanal and Rondelkanal
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Bridges across the LowerAlster (from theAußenalster downstream); this section lists most bridges in the inner city districtsAltstadt andNeustadt.
| Image | Name | Built | Length | Location | Notes | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ↓Außenalster | ||||||||
 | Kennedybrücke 53°33′28″N9°59′53″E / 53.55778°N 9.99806°E /53.55778; 9.99806 | 1953 | 126 m (413 ft) | Rotherbaum,St. Georg | designed by Bernhard Hermkes; originally namedNeue Lombardsbrücke (until 1963) | |||
 | Lombardsbrücke 53°33′25″N9°59′50″E / 53.55694°N 9.99722°E /53.55694; 9.99722 | 1651 (1868)[4] | 69 m (226 ft) | Neustadt,Altstadt | designed byJohann Hermann Maack [de]; part of theWallring, also carries theHamburg-Altona link line | |||
| ↓Binnenalster | ||||||||
 | Reesendammbrücke 53°33′7″N9°59′39″E / 53.55194°N 9.99417°E /53.55194; 9.99417 | 1844[4] | 47 m (154 ft) | Neustadt,Altstadt | designed by Johann Hermann Maack, carries theJungfernstieg | |||
| ↓Kleine Alster | ||||||||
 | Schleusenbrücke | 1870 | Neustadt,Altstadt | |||||
| ↓ Alster continues as Alsterfleet | ||||||||
 | Adolphsbrücke | 1845 | 36 m (118 ft) | Neustadt,Altstadt | designed by Johann Hermann Maack, replaced the Scheelengangsbrücke | |||
 | Heiligengeistbrücke | 1885 | 51 m (167 ft) | Neustadt,Altstadt | ||||
 | Slamatjenbrücke | 1959 | Neustadt,Altstadt | |||||
| Binnenhafenbrücke | Neustadt,Altstadt | |||||||
.ajb.jpg) | Otto-Sill-Brücke | Neustadt,Altstadt | ||||||
| ↓Norderelbe at Binnenhafen | ||||||||
Bridges acrossBleichenfleet and Herrengrabenfleet inNeustadt
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Bridges across Mönkedammfleet andNikolaifleet inAltstadt
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Bridges acrossOsterbek and Osterbekkanal
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Bridges across Hofwegkanal and Uhlenhorster Kanal
Bridges acrossWandse, Eilbek, Eilbekkanal and Mundsburger Kanal
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| Image | Name | Built | Length | Location | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ↓Wandse (Hamburgstate border) | ||||||
| Wandsbeker Königstraßenbrücke | Wandsbek | |||||
| ↓ Mühlenteich | ||||||
| Mühlenstraßenbrücke | Wandsbek | |||||
| Bahnbrücke | Eilbek,Barmbek-Süd | carries theHamburg freight rail bypass | ||||
| ↓ Wandse continues as Eilbek | ||||||
| Eilbecker Brücke | Eilbek,Barmbek-Süd | |||||
| Friedrichsberger Brücke | Eilbek,Barmbek-Süd | |||||
| Maxstraßenbrücke | 1908 | Eilbek,Barmbek-Süd | ||||
| ↓ Wandse continues as Eilbekkanal | ||||||
 | Von-Essen-Straßenbrücke | Eilbek,Barmbek-Süd | ||||
| Wagnerstraßenbrücke | Eilbek,Barmbek-Süd | |||||
 | Richardstraßenbrücke | 1899[4] | Eilbek,Barmbek-Süd | |||
 | Wartenaubrücke | 1908[4] | Hohenfelde,Uhlenhorst | carries Wartenau, part ofBundesstraße 5 | ||
| ↓ Kuhmühlenteich | ||||||
 | Kuhmühlenteichbrücke | 1912 | 65 m (213 ft)[4] | Hohenfelde,Uhlenhorst | carriesHamburg U-Bahn line (Circle line) | |
| ↓ Wandse continues as Mundsburger Kanal | ||||||
 | Kuhmühlenbrücke | 1870[4] (1967) | Hohenfelde,Uhlenhorst | |||
 | Mundsburger Brücke | 1870[4] | 59.3 m (195 ft) | Hohenfelde,Uhlenhorst | designed by Christian Wilhelm Plath andWilliam Lindley | |
 | Schwanenwikbrücke 53°33′56″N10°1′1″E / 53.56556°N 10.01694°E /53.56556; 10.01694 | 1878[4] | 55 m (180 ft) | Hohenfelde,Uhlenhorst | designed by Franz Andreas Meyer | |
| ↓Außenalster | ||||||
Bridges across theBille in Hamburg; 23 km (14 mi) of the Bille's total of 65 km (40 mi) lie within Hamburg.
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| Image | Name | Built | Length | Location | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ↓Bille (Hamburgstate border) | ||||||
| Ernst-Mantius-Brücke | Bergedorf | |||||
| ↓ Schlossteich | ||||||
| Sehrrahnbrücke | Bergedorf | |||||
| ↓ Sehrrahn | ||||||
| Bergedorfer Brücke | Bergedorf | carries Bergedorfer Straße, part ofBundesstraße 5 | ||||
| Ladenbeker-Furtweg-Brücke | Bergedorf | |||||
.ajb.jpg) | Bojewiesenbrücke | Bergedorf | ||||
.ajb.jpg) | Rote Brücke | Billbrook | ||||
| Gelbe Brücke | Billstedt,Billbrook | |||||
| Blaue Brücke | Horn,Billbrook | |||||
| Braune Brücke | Hamm,Rothenburgsort | |||||
| Grüne Brücke | 1911[4] | Hammerbrook,Rothenburgsort | ||||
| Schwarze Brücke | 1909[4] | Hammerbrook,Rothenburgsort | carries Heidenkampsweg, part ofBundesstraße 75 | |||
| Zweite Amsinckbrücke | Hammerbrook,Rothenburgsort | carries Amsinckstraße, part ofBundesstraße 4 | ||||
| ↓Norderelbe at Oberhafen | ||||||
Bridges acrossHammerbrook andRothenburgsort canals
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Up until the 19th century, theUnterelbe had nofixed crossing. Travel time between Hamburg andHarburg took over two hours, and included two ferry trips across theNorder- andSüderelbe and a weary trip across the dikes ofWilhelmsburg. During Napoleon's brief annexion of Hamburg, a 4 kilometers (2.5 miles) longpile bridge was built across the islands of Wilhelmsburg, however it also requiredcable ferries across the Elbe's two anabranches. In 1817 the poorly maintained structure was washed away.
By the 1840s, withindustrialization rapidly growing and trade through thePort of Hamburg skyrocketing, the need for a fixed crossing became apparent. At the time, theGerman states were a looseconfederation of sovereign states, with the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg only controlling the northern Elbe shore, while the town of Harburg and the southern Elbe shore were part of theKingdom of Hanover. Both sides built their railway lines:Hamburg–Bergedorf railway in 1842 (extended to Berlin in 1846), andCelle–Harburg railway in 1847 (connected toHanover since 1845) – but no link across the Elbe. One of the biggest obstacles was Hanover's rivalry to Hamburg and her attempts to promote overseas trade through thePort of Harburg.
Twenty years on, the missing link became a void in theEuropean rail network. Progress was finally possible afterPrussia's annexation of Hanover in 1866; within a few years theCologne-Minden Railway Company (CME) completed theVenlo–Hamburg railway as North German section of a Paris–Hamburg railway line, and thereby linking Hamburg with the industrial centers of theRhineland and theLow Countries. The first railway bridges across Norder- and Süderelbe were built between 1869 and 1872, nowadays part of theElbbrücken. Also starting in 1866, the port's infrastructure was substantially re-organized, in order to cope with the increased quantity of processed goods and to meet requirements of then commonly employedsteam-powered vessels. This included an expansion of the port onto the islands ofSteinwerder,Veddel andWilhelmsburg, and set-up of an extensive rail network for the newly establishedHamburg port railway (Hafenbahn). In 1887, the Neue Elbbrücke with its threelenticular trusses (each 102 meters long) became a Hamburg landmark and the first road bridge to cross the Norderelbe, serving many of the port's businesses. By 1899, the Alte Harburger Elbbrücke provided a road link across the Süderelbe.
New bridges across the Elbe anabranches and the Elbe islands' canals were and are continued to be built to this day. Over the years, some of them have set new standards or records in engineering.[3] With the Elbe bridges being perceived as a symbol of the many changes associated with theIndustrial Age, they were continuously subject to artistic and intellectual reception, among others by artists of theHamburg Secession (Sezession) during theinterwar period, or latest by theInternationale Bauausstellung during the 2000s. In 2015, theSpeicherstadt was acknowledged as aWorld Heritage Site.
Bridges across theElbe (Elbbrücken) in Hamburg; some 40 km (25 mi) of the Elbe's total of 1,094 km (680 mi) lie within Hamburg. Up-stream, the next bridge (outside the Hamburg state borders) is located atGeesthacht; down-stream there are no more bridges.
Bridges across theNorderelbe
| Image | Name | Built | Length | Location | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ↓Elbe (Hamburgstate border) | ||||||
 | Moorfleeter Brücke 53°31′0″N10°4′0″E / 53.51667°N 10.06667°E /53.51667; 10.06667 | 1962 | 411 m (1,348 ft) | Moorfleet,Wilhelmsburg | designed byHellmut Homberg [de], carriesBundesautobahn 1 | |
 | Neue Elbbrücke 53°32′0″N10°2′0″E / 53.53333°N 10.03333°E /53.53333; 10.03333 | 1887 (1959) | 304.7 m (1,000 ft) | Veddel,Rothenburgsort,Hammerbrook | designed by Hermann Lohse, carriesBundesstraße 4 and75 | |
 | Eisenbahnbrücke 53°31′58″N10°1′23″E / 53.53278°N 10.02306°E /53.53278; 10.02306 | 1872 | Veddel,Rothenburgsort,Hammerbrook | designed byHeinrich Strack; carries theHanover–Hamburg andWanne-Eickel–Hamburg railway lines | ||
 | Neue Freihafenelbbrücke | 1917 | 340 m (1,120 ft) | Veddel,Rothenburgsort,Hammerbrook | carries the Hamburg port railway | |
| ↓ confluence with Süderelbe to becomeNiederelbe (Lower Elbe) | ||||||
Oberhafen, Zollkanal and Binnenhafen[edit]Bridges across Oberhafen,Zollkanal and Binnenhafen betweenHammerbrook,Altstadt andHafenCity
| Speicherstadt and HafenCity canals[edit]Bridges acrossSpeicherstadt and HafenCity canals withinHafenCity (sorted alphabetically by name of waterbody)
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Bridges across theSüderelbe
Bridges across theEste in Hamburg; only 2 km (1.2 mi) of the Este's total of 62 km (39 mi) lie within the state borders of Hamburg.
Bridges across harbor basins and canals inHarburg; the port of Harburg is indirectly fed through theSeeve.
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Bridges acrossElbe anabranches and canals on the island ofWilhelmsburg (including the islands ofSteinwerder,Kleiner Grasbrook andVeddel)
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Please note, this section only lists bridges and viaducts in Hamburg, not listed above (i.e. only bridges and viaducts not crossing a body of water).
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Media related toBridges in Hamburg at Wikimedia Commons
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