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List of battles of the Eighty Years' War

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This is adynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help byediting the page to add missing items, with references toreliable sources.
‹ ThetemplateCampaignbox Eighty Years' War is beingconsidered for deletion. ›
OriginsList of battles

1566–1572

Western Europe


1572–1576

Western Europe

European waters

1576–1579

Western Europe


1579–1588

Western Europe

European waters

Ten Years, 1588–1598

Western Europe

European waters

1599–1609

Western Europe

European waters

Twelve Years' Truce, 1609–1621

Western Europe

East Indies


1621–1648

Western Europe

European waters

Americas

East Indies


PeaceAftermathHistoriography

This is a list of battles of theEighty Years' War.

Introduction

[edit]

Royalist forces

[edit]
Further information:Army of Flanders

Until August 1567, the government of theHabsburg Netherlands, in the hands of Governor-GeneralMargaret of Parma and herStadtholders, was using local Netherlandish troops, such asschutterijen ascity guards. Military law enforcement included theBandes d'ordonnance (Dutch:Benden van ordonnantie), elite heavy cavalry formations drawn mostly from the Flemish (Dutch-speaking) and Walloon (French-speaking) aristocracy. The newly createdArmy of Flanders arrived in the Low Countries in August 1567 under the command of theDuke of Alba, who immediately carried out substantial military reforms. Alba reduced the prominence of the Bandes d'ordonnance (in part because he distrusted the local nobility) in favour of the well-known Habsburg multi-ethnic infantry regiments, thetercios, alongside Spanish light cavalry (the latter comprised just 8% of the army by 1573).[1]

Alba introducedSpanish (Castilian) as the language of communication in the Army of Flanders, and Spaniards received higher pay and most of the key positions in his high command. Alba had a low opinion of soldiers from other ethnicities (called "nations") in thetercios, such as Italians, Flemish and Walloons (flamencos ornativos, as the Spaniards called them), and Germans, and preferred relying on Spanish infantrymen, but the actual share of Spanish soldiers in the Army of Flanders – which was at one of the highest totals of the war during Alba's tenure – was a little over 15%. There were also Burgundian, Scottish, Irish, English and Portuguese "nations" at various stages of the war, and intermittently units from other ethnic backgrounds.[2]

Mutiny due to lack of troop payment was a common problem in the 1570s, which could result in increasing civilian sympathies for the rebel cause (notably the 1576Sack of Antwerp leading to thePacification of Ghent), while in the late 1580s and especially 1590s, ethnic tensions between the commanders of the "nations" (such as the ItalianParma, the GermanMansfeld and the SpanishFuentes) led to power struggles that left the Army of Flanders divided and largely paralysed.[2]

Rebel forces

[edit]
Further information:Geuzen andDutch States Army

The rebels, who initiated their first actions of physical force during theBeeldenstorm (August–October 1566, initially mostly directed atCatholic Church property rather than governmental forces) started out as disparate riotous mobs of poorly armed and poorly trained but well-organisedCalvinists, originally predominantly from industrial centres in western Flanders.[3] On 14 December 1566, the Habsburg Netherlandish government declared the city ofValenciennes – where Calvinists had seized power – to be "in state of rebellion", and in late December 1566, the firstencounter battles occurred between the Habsburg Netherlandish governmental troops and Calvinist rebels.[4] Apart from managing to extend theSiege of Valenciennes (1567) for several months, the Calvinist rebels proved no match for the troops of Margaret of Parma (delegated to stadtholders such asPhilip of Noircarmes), who crushed the disturbances in March 1567, before kingPhilip II sent Alba with the newly formed Army of Flanders from Spain to the Netherlands in April 1567.[5][6]

During 1568 and 1572,William "the Silent" of Orange, the wealthiest and most powerful nobleman of the Netherlands, attempted two invasions from hisNassau-Dillenburg stronghold as a 'warlord' with mercenary soldiers organised in typical German fashion (here referred to as "Orangist troops") in opposition to Alba, though both met with little success.[7] Meanwhile in 1572, a mixture of groups of noblemen and common people sympathetic to his cause, or to Calvinism, known asGeuzen, formed paramilitary units that seized control of most of Holland and Zeeland, where Calvinists soon came to dominate politics. Orange functioned as minister of war and commander-in-chief of the Hollandic and Zeelandic troops from 1572 on.[8] It was not until 1575 that these units were merged into theDutch States Army, organised and directed by theStates of Holland and West Friesland and theStates of Zeeland (which was illegal; only the king had the right to raise armies). Around the same time, starting in 1574 with theAdmiralty of Rotterdam, fiveDutch admiralties emerged to organise rebel fleets.

When faced with large-scale mutinies in the Army of Flanders in 1576 known as theSpanish Fury, Catholic-dominated provinces of the Netherlands such as Brabant and Flanders (authorised by the Council of State in March 1576[9]) also began raising their own armies in self-defence against mutineers, but were unable to prevent theSack of Antwerp. With thePacification of Ghent (8 November 1576) allSeventeen Provinces except Luxemburg would agree to expel all foreign troops from the Habsburg Netherlands (essentially restoring the pre-1567 situation) while establishing a temporary general peace of religion. Although this resulted in muchad hoc cooperation between the rebel provinces and the inclusion of units from all of them into the States Army, organisation initially remained mostly provincial and decentralised, and the rebels suffered a catastrophe at theBattle of Gembloux (1578). Most of the rebel territories would go on to create a closer military alliance with the 1579Union of Utrecht, proclaim independence by the 1581Act of Abjuration,obtain English support in 1585 and establish theDutch Republic in 1588, but the1579–1588 period was marked by a long series of rebel defeats at the hands ofAlexander Farnese, Duke of Parma. Effective military reforms of the Dutch States Army were only introduced byMaurice of Nassau in the subsequentTen Years (1588–1598). By the 1620s, the annual costs of the Dutch States Army were 11,177,087 guilders, 58% of which were paid by Holland as most populous and wealthy province.[10] By the 1630s, Holland increasingly refused to fund land war operations, pleading for greater maritime expenses against theDunkirker Privateers instead.[11] This led to tensions with stadtholderFrederick Henry, who unsuccessfully sought to merge the five admiralties into one in 1639, and then resumed his focus on financing the land war.[12]

List

[edit]
DateBattleRegionRebel forcesRoyalist forcesNotes
10 August – October 1566BeeldenstormmultipleCalvinist mobsSpanish EmpireGovernment troopsInconclusive
14 December 1566 – 23 March 1567Siege of Valenciennes (1567)HainautCalvinist rebelsSpanish EmpireGovernment troopsRoyalist key victory
27 December 1566Battle of WattrelosFlandersCalvinist rebelsSpanish EmpireGovernment troopsRoyalist victory
29 December 1566Battle of LannoyFlandersCalvinist rebelsSpanish EmpireGovernment troopsRoyalist victory
13 March 1567Battle of OosterweelBrabantCalvinist rebelsSpanish EmpireGovernment troopsRoyalist victory
23 April 1568Battle of RheindalenJülichOrangist troopsSpanish EmpireArmy of FlandersRoyalist victory
23 May 1568Battle of HeiligerleeGroningenOrangist troopsSpanish EmpireArmy of FlandersRebel victory
May–July 1568Siege of Groningen (1568) [nl]GroningenOrangist troopsSpanish EmpireGovernment troopsRoyalist victory
10–11 July 1568Battle on the Ems [nl]GroningenGeuzenSpanish EmpireGovernment troopsRebel victory
21 July 1568Battle of JemmingenEast FrisiaOrangist troopsSpanish EmpireArmy of FlandersRoyalist victory
20 October 1568Battle of JodoigneBrabantOrangist troopsSpanish EmpireArmy of FlandersRoyalist victory
12 November 1568Battle of Le QuesnoyHainautOrangist troopsSpanish EmpireArmy of FlandersRebel victory
9–19 December 1570Battle of Loevestein [nl]GueldersGeuzenSpanish EmpireArmy of FlandersRoyalist victory
1 April 1572Capture of BrielleHollandGeuzenSpanish EmpireArmy of FlandersRebel victory
6 April 1572[13]Flushing rebellion [nl][13]ZeelandCivic militia[13]Spanish EmpireArmy of FlandersRebel victory
23 June – 19 September 1572Siege of Mons (1572)HainautOrangist troopsSpanish EmpireArmy of FlandersRoyalist victory
17 July 1572Battle of Saint-Ghislain [nl]HainautHuguenot troopsSpanish EmpireArmy of FlandersRoyalist victory
12–15 September 1572Walloon Fury in Dokkum [nl]FrieslandGeuzenSpanish EmpireArmy of FlandersRoyalist victory
2 October 1572Spanish Fury at MechelenMechelenOrangist troopsSpanish EmpireArmy of FlandersRoyalist victory
? 1572The Battle of IjsselmeerHollandGeuzenSpanish EmpireArmy of FlandersRebel victory
20 October 1572Relief of GoesZeelandGeuzen
EnglandEnglish navy
Spanish EmpireArmy of FlandersRoyalist victory
22 October 1572Massacre of NaardenHollandGeuzenSpanish EmpireArmy of FlandersRoyalist victory
4 November 1572 – 18 February 1574Siege of Middelburg (1572–1574)ZeelandGeuzen
EnglandEnglish navy
Spanish EmpireArmy of FlandersRebel victory
12 Augustus 1572 – 8 February 1578Blockades of Amsterdam [nl]HollandGeuzenSpanish EmpireArmy of FlandersRebel victory
16 November 1572Massacre of Zutphen [fr;nl]GueldersOrangist troopsSpanish EmpireArmy of FlandersRoyalist victory
11 December 1572 – 13 July 1573Siege of HaarlemHollandGeuzenSpanish EmpireArmy of FlandersRoyalist victory
17 April 1573Battle of FlushingZeelandGeuzenSpanish EmpireArmy of FlandersRebel victory
11 October 1573Battle of BorseleZeelandGeuzenSpanish EmpireArmy of FlandersRebel victory
22 April 1573Battle on the ZuiderzeeZuiderzeeGeuzenSpanish EmpireArmy of FlandersRebel victory
21 August – 8 October 1573Siege of AlkmaarHollandGeuzenSpanish EmpireArmy of FlandersRebel victory
28 August 1573Capture of Geertruidenberg (1573)HollandGeuzen
Huguenot troops
EnglandEnglish navy
Spanish EmpireArmy of FlandersRebel victory
October 1573Battle of Delft (1573)HollandGeuzen
England English troops
Spanish EmpireArmy of FlandersRebel victory
October 1573 – 3 October 1574Siege of LeidenHollandGeuzenSpanish EmpireArmy of FlandersRebel key victory
27/29 January 1574Battle of the Scheldt (1574)
(Battle of Reimerswaal)
ZeelandGeuzen
EnglandEnglish navy
Spanish EmpireArmy of FlandersRebel victory
Early February 1574Capture of Valkenburg (1574)HollandGeuzen
England English troops
Spanish EmpireArmy of FlandersRoyalist victory
14 April 1574Battle of MookerheydeClevesOrangist troopsSpanish EmpireArmy of FlandersRoyalist victory
30 May 1574Battle of LilloBrabantGeuzenSpanish EmpireArmy of FlandersRebel victory
19 July – 7 August 1575Siege of Oudewater (1575)UtrechtGeuzenSpanish EmpireArmy of FlandersRoyalist victory
11–24 August 1575Siege of Schoonhoven (1575)HollandGeuzen
England English troops
Huguenot troops
Spanish EmpireArmy of FlandersRoyalist victory
October 1575 – 29 June 1576[14]Siege of ZierikzeeZeelandGeuzenSpanish EmpireArmy of FlandersRoyalist victory
25 July 1576Sack of Aalst [nl]FlandersCity guardSpanish mutineersMutineer victory
14 September 1576Battle of Vissenaken [nl]BrabantBrabantian troopsSpanish mutineersMutineer victory
15 September – 11 November 1576Siege of the Spanjaardenkasteel [nl]FlandersBrabantian troops
Flemish troops
Hollandic troops
Spanish mutineersRebel victory
4–7 November 1576Sack of AntwerpBrabantBrabantian troops
German/Walloon troops
Armed citizens
Spanish mutineersMutineer victory
December 1576 – February 1577Siege of Vredenburg [nl]Utrecht City guard
German troops
Spanish mutineersRebel victory
24 July 1577Capture of the Namur citadel [nl;fr]NamurDutch States ArmySpanish EmpireArmy of FlandersRoyalist victory
(Coup d'état)
1–2 August 1577Capture of the Antwerp citadel [nl]BrabantDutch States ArmyGerman mutineersRebel victory
4 August – 4 October 1577Siege of Breda (1577) [nl;es;fr;it]BrabantDutch States ArmySpanish Empire German mercenariesRebel victory
28 October 1577Ghent Calvinist coupFlandersDutch States Army

Ghent Calvinists

Calvinist victory
(Coup d'état)
31 January 1578Battle of GemblouxBrabantDutch States ArmySpanish EmpireArmy of FlandersRoyalist key victory
20–24 February 1578Siege of ZichemBrabantDutch States ArmySpanish EmpireArmy of FlandersRoyalist victory
8–12 March 1578Siege of Nivelles (Dutch)(French)BrabantDutch States ArmySpanish EmpireArmy of FlandersRoyalist victory
26 May 1578Alteratie of AmsterdamHolland Catholic city council

Calvinist radicals
FormerGeuzen

Calvinist victory
(Coup d'état)
25 June – 20 July 1578Siege of Kampen (1578) [nl]OverijsselDutch States ArmySpanish Empire German mercenariesRebel victory
31 July 1578Battle of RijmenamBrabantDutch States ArmySpanish EmpireArmy of FlandersRebel victory
3 August – 19 November 1578Siege of Deventer (1578)OverijsselDutch States ArmySpanish Empire German mercenariesRebel victory
22 September – 7 October 1578Siege of Binche [fr;nl]HainautDutch States ArmySpanish EmpireArmy of FlandersRebel victory
2 March 1579Battle of BorgerhoutFlandersEngland English troops
Scotland Scottish troops
Huguenot troops
Spanish EmpireArmy of FlandersRoyalist victory
8/12 March – 29 June/1 July 1579Siege of MaastrichtLimburgDutch States ArmySpanish EmpireArmy of FlandersRoyalist victory
29 March 1579Street battle in Mechelen[15]MechelenDutch States Army

Calvinist armed citizens

Catholic armed citizensRoyalist victory
1 July 1579Schermersoproer [nl] in Den BoschBrabantCalvinist city guardCatholic guildsRoyalist victory
3 March – 18 June 1580Siege of Groningen (1580) [nl]GroningenDutch States ArmySpanish EmpireRennenberg troopsRoyalist victory
(Coup d'état)
9 April 1580[15]English Fury at MechelenMechelenDutch States Army
England English troops
Spanish EmpireArmy of Flanders
City guard
Rebel victory
9 June 1580Taking of Diest (1580)BrabantDutch States Army
Huguenot troops
Spanish EmpireArmy of FlandersRebel victory
15–16 June 1580Zwolle riot [nl]Overijssel Calvinist city guard
Kampen Calvinists
Catholic armed citizens
Catholic farmers
Calvinist victory
17 June 1580Battle of Hardenberg [nl]OverijsselDutch States ArmySpanish EmpireArmy of FlandersRoyalist victory
18 October 1580 – 23 February 1581Siege of Steenwijk (1580–1581)OverijsselDutch States ArmySpanish EmpireArmy of FlandersRoyalist victory
September 1580 – 17 Augustus 1581Siege of Cambrai (1581) [nl]CambrésisAnjou troops
Dutch States Army
Spanish EmpireArmy of FlandersRebel victory
19 July 1581Battle of KollumFrieslandDutch States Army
England English troops
Spanish EmpireArmy of FlandersRebel victory
26–27 July 1581Capture of Breda (1581)BrabantDutch States Army
City guard
Spanish EmpireArmy of FlandersRoyalist victory
30 September 1581Battle of NoordhornGroningenDutch States Army
England English troops
Scotland Scottish troops
Spanish EmpireArmy of FlandersRoyalist victory
3–24 October 1581Siege of NiezijlGroningenDutch States Army
England English troops
Spanish EmpireArmy of FlandersRebel victory
10 October – 30 November 1581Siege of Tournai (1581) [nl;fr]TournaisisDutch States ArmySpanish EmpireArmy of FlandersRoyalist victory
22 July – 15 September 1582Siege of Lochem (1582)GueldersDutch States Army
England English troops
Huguenot troops
Spanish EmpireArmy of FlandersRebel victory
26 July 1582Battle of Ponta Delgada
(also part of theWar of the
Portuguese Succession
)
AzoresPortugalPro-CratoPortugal
Dutch States Fleet
 France
 England
PortugalPro-PhilipPortugal
SpainSpanish Empire
Royalist victory
(Pro-Philip victory)
1–2 August 1582Siege of Lier (1582)BrabantDutch States Army
England English troops
Spanish EmpireArmy of FlandersRoyalist victory
17 January 1583French FuryBrabantDutch States Army

Anjou troops

States victory
(Failed coup)
7 February – 23 April 1583Siege of Eindhoven (1583)BrabantDutch States Army
Anjou troops
Kingdom of Scotland Scottish troops
Spanish EmpireArmy of FlandersRoyalist victory
17 June 1583Battle of Steenbergen (1583)BrabantDutch States Army
Anjou troops
Kingdom of England English troops
Spanish EmpireArmy of FlandersRoyalist victory
October 1583 – 17 September 1584Siege of Ghent (1583–1584)FlandersCalvinist Republic
of Ghent
Spanish EmpireArmy of Flanders
Malcontents
Royalist victory
Early February 1584Capture of Aalst (1584)FlandersDutch States Army
Kingdom of England English troops
Spanish EmpireArmy of FlandersRoyalist victory
May–July 1584Siege of Zutphen (1584) [nl]GueldersDutch States ArmySpanish EmpireArmy of FlandersRoyalist victory
July 1584 – 17 August 1585Siege of AntwerpBrabantDutch States ArmySpanish EmpireArmy of FlandersRoyalist key victory
6–15 October 1585Siege of IJsseloordGueldersDutch States Army
Kingdom of England English troops
Spanish EmpireArmy of FlandersRebel victory
(Anglo-Dutch victory)
4–8 December 1585Battle of EmpelBrabant Dutch fleetSpanish EmpireArmy of FlandersRoyalist victory
17 January 1586Battle of BoksumFrieslandDutch States ArmySpanish EmpireArmy of FlandersRoyalist victory
Early April – 7 June 1586Siege of Grave (1586)BrabantDutch States Army
Kingdom of England English troops
Spanish EmpireArmy of FlandersRoyalist victory
June 1586Siege of Venlo (1586)GueldersDutch States Army
Kingdom of England English troops
Spanish EmpireArmy of FlandersRoyalist victory
17 July 1586Capture of AxelFlandersDutch States Army
Kingdom of England English soldiers
Spanish EmpireArmy of FlandersRebel victory
26 July 1586Destruction of NeussCologneElectorate of CologneTruchsessCologne
Dutch RepublicDutch States Army
Electorate of CologneErnestCologne
Spanish EmpireArmy of Flanders
Royalist victory
(Ernest-Spanish victory)
13 August 1586 – 3 February 1590[16]Siege of Rheinberg (1586–1590)CologneElectorate of CologneTruchsessCologne
Dutch RepublicDutch States Army
Electorate of CologneErnestCologne
Spanish EmpireArmy of Flanders
Royalist victory
(Ernest-Spanish victory)
22 September 1586Battle of Zutphen
(Battle of Warnsveld)
GueldersDutch States Army
Kingdom of England English soldiers
Spanish EmpireArmy of FlandersRoyalist victory
12 June – 4 August 1587Siege of Sluis (1587)FlandersDutch States Army
Kingdom of England English troops
Spanish EmpireArmy of FlandersRoyalist victory
27 February – 29 April 1588Siege of Medemblik (1588) [nl]HollandDutch RepublicStates Army

EnglandLeicester troops

States victory
(Failed coup)
29 July 1588Battle of GravelinesChannelKingdom of EnglandEnglish Royal Navy
Dutch RepublicDutch Republic Fleet
Spanish EmpireSpanish Armada
Spanish EmpireArmy of Flanders
Rebel key victory
(Anglo-Dutch victory)
23 September – 13 November 1588Siege of Bergen op Zoom (1588)BrabantDutch RepublicDutch States Army
Kingdom of England English troops
Spanish EmpireArmy of FlandersRebel victory
(Anglo-Dutch victory)
10 April 1589Capture of Geertruidenberg (1589)HollandDutch RepublicDutch States Army
Kingdom of England English troops
Spanish EmpireArmy of FlandersRoyalist victory
Early 1590Battle of Bayona Islands (1590)SpainDutch Republic
EnglandRoyal Navy
Spanish EmpireRoyalist victory
4 March 1590Capture of Breda (1590)BrabantDutch RepublicDutch States ArmySpanish EmpireArmy of FlandersRebel victory
19–30 May 1591Siege of Zutphen (1591)GueldersDutch RepublicDutch States Army
Kingdom of England English troops
Spanish EmpireArmy of FlandersRebel victory
(Anglo-Dutch victory)
1–10 June 1591Siege of Deventer (1591)OverijsselDutch RepublicDutch States Army
Kingdom of England English troops
Spanish EmpireArmy of FlandersRebel victory
(Anglo-Dutch victory)
30 June – 15 July 1596Capture of CádizSpainDutch Republic
EnglandRoyal Navy
Spanish EmpireRebel victory
(Anglo-Dutch victory)
2 July 1591Capture of DelfzijlGroningenDutch RepublicDutch States Army
Kingdom of England English troops
Spanish EmpireArmy of FlandersRebel victory
(Anglo-Dutch victory)
15–25 July 1591Siege of KnodsenburgGueldersDutch RepublicDutch States Army
Kingdom of England English troops
Spanish EmpireArmy of FlandersRebel victory
(Anglo-Dutch victory)
Late August 1591Battle of the Gulf of Almería (1591)SpainDutch Republic
EnglandRoyal Navy
Spanish EmpireRoyalist victory
20–24 September 1591Siege of Hulst (1591)FlandersDutch RepublicDutch States Army
Kingdom of England English troops
Spanish EmpireArmy of FlandersRebel victory
(Anglo-Dutch victory)
17–21 October 1591Siege of Nijmegen (1591)GueldersDutch RepublicDutch States ArmySpanish EmpireArmy of FlandersRebel victory
December 1591 – May 1592Siege of Rouen (1591–1592)FranceHenry of Navarre
Kingdom of England English troops
Dutch Republic
Spanish EmpireArmy of Flanders
Catholic League
Royalist victory
(Spanish-Catholic victory)
24 April – 21 May 1592Siege of CaudebecFranceHenry of Navarre
Kingdom of England English troops
Dutch Republic Dutch fleet
Spanish EmpireArmy of Flanders
Catholic League
Rebel victory
(Navarre-Anglo-Dutch
or 'Protestant' victory)
30 May – 5 July 1592Siege of Steenwijk (1592)OverijsselDutch RepublicDutch States Army
Kingdom of England English troops
Spanish EmpireArmy of FlandersRebel victory
(Anglo-Dutch victory)
26 July – 2 September 1592Siege of Coevorden (1592)DrentheDutch RepublicDutch States Army
Kingdom of England English troops
Spanish EmpireArmy of FlandersRebel victory
(Anglo-Dutch victory)
14 January – 10 February 15931593 Luxemburg campaign
Siege of Sankt Vith
LuxemburgDutch RepublicDutch States Army
Duchy of Bouillon
Kingdom of France
Spanish EmpireArmy of FlandersRoyalist tactical victory
Rebel strategic victory
27 March – 24 June 1593Siege of Geertruidenberg (1593)HollandDutch RepublicDutch States ArmySpanish EmpireArmy of FlandersRebel victory
28 October 1593 – 6 May 1594Siege of Coevorden (1593)DrentheDutch RepublicDutch States Army
Kingdom of England English troops
Spanish EmpireArmy of FlandersRebel victory
(Anglo-Dutch victory)
19 May – 22 July 1594Siege of Groningen (1594)GroningenDutch RepublicDutch States ArmySpanish EmpireArmy of FlandersRebel key victory
January–June 15951595 Luxemburg campaign
Siege of Huy (1595)
Luxemburg
Liège
Dutch RepublicDutch States Army
Duchy of Bouillon
Spanish EmpireArmy of Flanders
Bishopric of Liège
Royalist victory
2 September 1595Battle of the LippeCologneDutch RepublicDutch States Army
Kingdom of England English troops
Spanish EmpireArmy of FlandersRoyalist victory
11–28 September 1595Siege of Groenlo (1595)GueldersDutch RepublicDutch States Army
Kingdom of England English troops
Spanish EmpireArmy of FlandersRoyalist victory
14 October 1595Sack of LierBrabantDutch RepublicDutch States ArmySpanish EmpireArmy of FlandersRoyalist victory
8–24 April 1596Siege of Calais (1596)FranceKingdom of FranceHenry of Navarre
Kingdom of England English troops
Dutch Republic Dutch troops
Spanish EmpireArmy of FlandersRoyalist victory
Mid-July – 18 August 1596Siege of Hulst (1596)FlandersDutch RepublicDutch States Army
Kingdom of England English troops
Spanish EmpireArmy of FlandersRoyalist victory
24 January 1597Battle of TurnhoutBrabantDutch RepublicDutch States ArmySpanish EmpireArmy of FlandersRebel victory
June – August 1597Islands VoyageAzoresDutch Republic
EnglandRoyal Navy
Spanish EmpireRoyalist victory
9–19 August 1597Siege of Rheinberg (1597)CologneDutch RepublicDutch States Army
Kingdom of England English troops
Spanish EmpireArmy of FlandersRebel victory
(Anglo-Dutch victory)
29 August – 3 September 1597Siege of Meurs (1597)MoersDutch RepublicDutch States Army
Kingdom of England English troops
Spanish EmpireArmy of FlandersRebel victory
(Anglo-Dutch victory)
11–28 September 1597Siege of Groenlo (1597)GueldersDutch RepublicDutch States ArmySpanish EmpireArmy of FlandersRebel victory
1–9 October 1597Siege of Bredevoort (1597)GueldersDutch RepublicDutch States ArmySpanish EmpireArmy of FlandersRebel victory
1–10 October 1597Siege of Bredevoort (1597)GueldersDutch RepublicDutch States Army
Kingdom of England English troops
Spanish EmpireArmy of FlandersRebel victory
(Anglo-Dutch victory)
18–19 October 1597Capture of Enschede (1597)OverijsselDutch RepublicDutch States Army
Kingdom of England English troops
Spanish EmpireArmy of FlandersRebel victory
(Anglo-Dutch victory)
19–21 October 1597Capture of OotmarsumOverijsselDutch RepublicDutch States Army
Kingdom of England English troops
Spanish EmpireArmy of FlandersRebel victory
(Anglo-Dutch victory)
20–23 October 1597Siege of Oldenzaal (1597)OverijsselDutch RepublicDutch States Army
Kingdom of England English troops
Spanish EmpireArmy of FlandersRebel victory
(Anglo-Dutch victory)
25 October – 12 November 1597Siege of Lingen (1597)OverijsselDutch RepublicDutch States Army
Kingdom of England English troops
Spanish EmpireArmy of FlandersRebel victory
(Anglo-Dutch victory)
28 April – 2 May 1599Siege of Schenckenschans (1599)GueldersDutch RepublicDutch States Army
Kingdom of England English troops
Spanish EmpireArmy of FlandersRebel victory
(Anglo-Dutch victory)
15 May – 22 July 1599Siege of ZaltbommelGueldersDutch RepublicDutch States Army
Kingdom of England English troops
Spanish EmpireArmy of FlandersRebel victory
(Anglo-Dutch victory)
10–12 September 1599Siege of Rees (1599)ClevesDutch RepublicDutch States Army
Holy Roman EmpireLower Saxon Circle
Spanish EmpireArmy of FlandersRoyalist victory
28 January – 6 March 1600Siege of San Andreas (1600)GueldersDutch RepublicDutch States Army
England English troops
Spanish EmpireArmy of FlandersRebel victory
(Anglo-Dutch victory)
5 February 1600Battle of LekkerbeetjeBrabantDutch RepublicDutch States ArmySpanish EmpireArmy of FlandersRoyalist victory
2 July 1600Battle of NieuwpoortFlandersDutch RepublicDutch States ArmySpanish EmpireArmy of FlandersRebel tactical victory
12 June – 2 August 1601Siege of Rheinberg (1601)CologneDutch RepublicDutch States Army
England English troops
Spanish EmpireArmy of FlandersRebel victory
(Anglo-Dutch victory)
5 July 1601 – 20 September 1604Siege of OstendFlandersDutch RepublicDutch States ArmySpanish EmpireArmy of FlandersRoyalist key victory
1–27 November 1601Siege of 's-Hertogenbosch (1601)BrabantDutch RepublicDutch States Army
England English troops
Spanish EmpireArmy of FlandersRoyalist victory
18 July – 20 September 1602Siege of Grave (1602)BrabantDutch RepublicDutch States Army
England English troops
Spanish EmpireArmy of FlandersRebel victory
(Anglo-Dutch victory)
1 September 1602 – 18 May 1604Mutiny of HoogstratenBrabantDutch RepublicDutch States Army
England English troops

Spanish Empire Spanish mutineers

Spanish EmpireArmy of FlandersRebel victory
(Mutineer–allied victory)
3–4 October 1602Battle of the Narrow Seas
(Battle of the Dover Straits)
ChannelDutch Republic
EnglandRoyal Navy
Spanish EmpireRebel victory
(Anglo-Dutch victory)
26 May 1603Battle of SluisFlandersDutch RepublicDutch Republic FleetSpanish EmpireArmy of FlandersRebel victory
19 May – 19 August 1604Siege of Sluis (1604)FlandersDutch RepublicDutch States ArmySpanish EmpireArmy of FlandersRebel victory
10–19 August 1605Siege of Lingen (1605)OverijsselDutch RepublicDutch States ArmySpanish EmpireArmy of FlandersRoyalist victory
16 June or 6 October 1606Battle of Cape St. Vincent (1606)PortugalDutch RepublicSpanish EmpireRoyalist victory
3–14 August 1606 (royalists)
30 Oct. – 9 Nov. 1606 (rebels)
Siege of Groenlo (1606)GueldersDutch RepublicDutch States ArmySpanish EmpireArmy of FlandersRoyalist victory
25 April 1607Battle of Gibraltar (1607)SpainDutch RepublicDutch Republic FleetSpanish EmpireRebel victory
28 July – 2 September 1610Siege of Jülich (1610)JülichDutch Republic
Kingdom of France
Palatinate-Neuburg
Brandenburg
Holy Roman EmpireImperial ArmyRebel victory
(Franco-Dutch victory)
Late August 1614Siege of Aachen (1614)AachenFree City of Aachen
Brandenburg
Spanish EmpireArmy of FlandersRoyalist victory
15 April 1617Battle of Playa HondaPhilippinesDutch RepublicDutch Republic FleetSpanish EmpireRoyalist victory
21 August 1621Battle of Gibraltar (1621)SpainDutch RepublicDutch Republic Fleet
Denmark–Norway
Spanish EmpireRoyalist victory
5 September 1621 – 3 February 1622Siege of Jülich (1621–1622)JülichDutch RepublicDutch States ArmySpanish EmpireArmy of FlandersRoyalist victory
8 July – 2 October 1622Siege of Bergen op Zoom (1622)BrabantDutch RepublicDutch States ArmySpanish EmpireArmy of FlandersRebel victory
29 August 1622Battle of Fleurus (1622)HainautDutch RepublicDutch States Army
German soldiers
Spanish EmpireArmy of FlandersRoyalist victory
28 August 1624 – 5 June 1625Siege of Breda (1624)BrabantDutch RepublicDutch States ArmySpanish EmpireArmy of FlandersRoyalist key victory
1April – 1 May 1625Recapture of SalvadorBrazilDutch RepublicSpanish Empire
Portuguese Empire
Royalist victory
24 September – 2 November 1625Battle of San Juan (1625)AntillesDutch RepublicSpanish EmpireRoyalist victory
1–7 November 1625Cádiz expedition (1625)SpainDutch Republic
EnglandRoyal Navy
Spanish EmpireRoyalist victory
25 July – 1 August 1626Siege of Oldenzaal (1626)OverijsselDutch RepublicDutch States Army
England English troops
Spanish EmpireArmy of FlandersRebel victory
(Anglo-Dutch victory)
20 July – 19 August 1627Siege of Groenlo (1627)GueldersDutch RepublicDutch States ArmySpanish EmpireArmy of FlandersRebel victory
7–8 September 1628Battle in the Bay of MatanzasCubaDutch RepublicDutch Republic FleetSpanish EmpireTreasure fleetRebel key victory
30 April – 14 September 1629Siege of 's-HertogenboschBrabantDutch RepublicDutch States ArmySpanish EmpireArmy of FlandersRebel key victory
12 September 1631Battle of AbrolhosBrazilDutch RepublicSpanish Empire
Portuguese Empire
Royalist victory
12–13 September 1631Battle of the SlaakHollandDutch RepublicSpanish EmpireRebel victory
9 June – 22 August 1632Capture of MaastrichtLimburgDutch RepublicDutch States ArmySpanish EmpireArmy of FlandersRebel key victory
25 June – 1 July 1633Capture of Saint Martin (1633)AntillesDutch RepublicSpanish EmpireRoyalist victory
11 June – 2 July 1633Siege of Rheinberg (1633)CologneDutch RepublicDutch States ArmySpanish EmpireArmy of FlandersRebel victory
8–20 May 1635Siege of Philippine [nl]FlandersDutch RepublicDutch States ArmySpanish EmpireArmy of FlandersRoyalist victory
20 May 1635Battle of Les AvinsLiègeKingdom of FranceSpanish EmpireArmy of FlandersRebel victory
(French victory)
8–10 June 1635Sack of Tienen [nl]BrabantDutch RepublicDutch States Army
Kingdom of France
Spanish EmpireArmy of FlandersRebel victory
(Franco-Dutch victory)
24 June – 4 July 1635Siege of LeuvenBrabantDutch RepublicDutch States Army
Kingdom of France
Spanish EmpireArmy of Flanders
Holy Roman Empire
Royalist victory
30 July 1635 – 30 April 1636Siege of SchenkenschansGueldersDutch RepublicDutch States ArmySpanish EmpireArmy of FlandersRebel victory
18 February 1637Battle off Lizard PointEnglandDutch RepublicSpanish EmpireRoyalist victory
20–25 August 1637Siege of Venlo (1637)GueldersDutch RepublicDutch States ArmySpanish EmpireArmy of FlandersRoyalist victory
21 July – 11 October 1637Siege of Breda (1637)BrabantDutch RepublicDutch States ArmySpanish EmpireArmy of FlandersRebel victory
April – May 1638Siege of Salvador (1638)BrazilDutch RepublicSpanish Empire
Portuguese Empire
Royalist victory
20–22 June 1638Battle of KalloBrabantDutch RepublicDutch States ArmySpanish EmpireArmy of FlandersRoyalist key victory
18 February 1639Action of 18 February 1639North SeaDutch RepublicSpanish EmpireRebel victory
18 September 1639Action of 18 September 1639ChannelDutch RepublicSpanish EmpireInconclusive
21 October 1639N.S.Battle of the DownsChannelDutch RepublicDutch Republic FleetSpanish Empire "Second Armada"Rebel key victory
12–17 January 1640Action of 12–17 January 1640BrazilDutch RepublicSpanish Empire
Portuguese Empire
Rebel victory
August 1641Battle of San Salvador (1641)BrazilDutch RepublicSpanish EmpireRebel strategic victory
4 November 1641Battle of Cape St. Vincent (1641)PortugalDutch RepublicSpanish EmpireInconclusive
August 1642Battle of San Salvador (1642)BrazilDutch RepublicSpanish EmpireRebel victory
6 November 1642 – 28 December 1643Dutch expedition to ValdiviaChileDutch RepublicSpanish EmpireRoyalist victory
20 March – 17 April 1644Attack on Saint MartinAntillesDutch RepublicSpanish EmpireRoyalist victory
7 October – 4 November 1645Siege of Hulst (1645)FlandersDutch RepublicDutch States ArmySpanish EmpireArmy of FlandersRebel victory
15 March – 4 October 1646Battles of La Naval de ManilaPhilippinesDutch RepublicSpanish EmpireRoyalist victory
October 1646Siege of Venlo (1646) [nl]GueldersDutch RepublicDutch States ArmySpanish EmpireArmy of FlandersRoyalist victory
10 June 1647Battle of Puerto de CavitePhilippinesDutch RepublicDutch Republic FleetSpanish EmpireRoyalist victory

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^de León 2009, p. 89–95.
  2. ^abde León 2009, p. 95–98.
  3. ^Van der Wee 1969, p. 15.
  4. ^Anton van der Lem."Noircarmes, Filips van Sint-Aldegonde, heer van".dutchrevolt.leiden.edu (in Dutch). Leiden University. Retrieved31 July 2022.
  5. ^"Margaretha [Nederlanden] § Margaretha van Parma".Encarta Encyclopedie Winkler Prins (in Dutch). Microsoft Corporation/Het Spectrum. 1993–2002.
  6. ^van der Lem 1995, Chapter II.
  7. ^Swart 2006, p. 31–32.
  8. ^Swart 2006, p. 34.
  9. ^Swart 2006, p. 41.
  10. ^Groenveld & Leeuwenberg 2020, p. 423–424.
  11. ^Groenveld & Leeuwenberg 2020, p. 424–425.
  12. ^Groenveld & Leeuwenberg 2020, p. 425–426.
  13. ^abcTracy 2008, p. 82.
  14. ^van der Lem 1995, Jaartallen.
  15. ^abTracy 2008, p. 157.
  16. ^Peter Hamish Wilson,The Thirty Years War: Europe's Tragedy (Penguin Group, 2010) p.210

Bibliography

[edit]
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