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List of animal rights advocates

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Animal rights
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Advocates ofanimal rights believe that many or allsentient animals have moral worth that is independent of their utility for humans, and that their most basic interests—such as in avoidingsuffering—should be afforded the same consideration as similar interests of human beings. They employ a variety of methods includingdirect action to opposeanimal agriculture. Many animal rights advocates argue that non-human animals should be regarded aspersons whose interests deserve legal protection.[1]

Background

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The animal rights movement emerged in the 19th century, focused largely on opposition tovivisection, and in the 1960s the modern movement sprang up in England around theHunt Saboteurs Association. In the 1970s, the Australian and American philosophersPeter Singer andTom Regan began to provide the movement with its philosophical foundations. Singer argued for animal liberation on the basis ofutilitarianism, first in 1973 inThe New York Review of Books and later in hisAnimal Liberation (1975), while Regan developed adeontological theory of animal rights in several papers from 1975 onwards, followed byThe Case for Animal Rights (1983).[2] A distinction persists within the movement—based on the utilitarian–deontological divide—between those who seek incremental reform, a position known asanimal protectionism, and those on theabolitionist side, who argue that reform that aims to regulate, rather than abolish, the property status of animals is counterproductive.[3]

Historically speaking, it can be argued that the genesis of theanimal rights movement was in India given the impact that bothBuddhism andJainism had on people in India and the neighbouring countries in Asia. The country with the largest number and highest percentage of vegetarians is India. Buddhism among the global religions is an animal rights religion par excellence. It has long subscribed to the belief that all life forms including that of non-human animals are sacred and deserving of respect, and extolls kindness and compassion as utmost virtues worthy of cultivation. Buddhism unreservedly embraces all living beings in its ethicalcosmology without discrimination on grounds of species, race, or creed. Buddhist tenets—including the first precept, "Do not kill"—extend to both human and non-human sentient beings.The Buddha was so adamant and protective of the more vulnerable members of the moral community—namely the animals—that, as recorded inDhammapada, he declared: "He who has laid aside the cudgel that injures any creature whether moving or still, who neither slays nor causes to be slain—him I call an Arya (Noble person)." The earliest reference to the idea of non-violence to animals (pashu-ahimsa), apparently in a moral sense, is in the Kapisthala Katha Samhita of theYajurveda (KapS 31.11), aHindu text written about the 8th century BCE.[4] Several Hindu, Jain, and Buddhist texts appearing in the following centuries, including the Tamil moral texts of theTirukkural and theNaladiyar,[5][6] emphasize onahimsa andmoral vegetarianism, which is equated to today'sveganism.[7]

List

[edit]

The following is a list of animal rights advocates from all positions within the movement, from academics to activists.

Overview of animal rights advocates
NameBornImageCountry of birthOccupationSource
Elisa Aaltola1976FinlandPhilosopher, author ofAnimal Individuality: Cultural and Moral Categorisations (2006) andAnimal Suffering: Philosophy and Culture (2012)[8]
Carol J. Adams1951United StatesEco-feminist writer, author ofThe Sexual Politics of Meat (1990)[9]
Bryan Adams1959CanadaMusician, campaigner forPeople for the Ethical Treatment of Animals
Douglas Adams1952–2001United KingdomWriter, campaigner for theGreat Ape Project[10]
Cleveland Amory1917–1998United StatesFounder of the Fund for Animals, president of theNew England Anti-Vivisection Society[11]
Pamela Anderson1967CanadaModel, campaigner forPeople for the Ethical Treatment of Animals[12]
Claudine André1946BelgiumConservationist, founded thebonobo sanctuaryLola ya bonobo[13]
James Aspey1986AustraliaFitness trainer, animal rights lecturer[14]
Michael Aufhauser1952GermanyFounder of Gut Aiderbichl, an animal sanctuary[15]
Greg Avery1963United KingdomCo-founder of theConsort beagles,Hillgrove cats, andSHAC campaigns[16]
Matt Ball1968United StatesCo-founder and President of One Step for Animals, Senior Media Relations Specialist forThe Good Food Institute, vegan, co-author ofThe Animal Activist's Handbook (2009)[17]
Martin Balluch1954AustriaCo-founder ofVegane Gesellschaft Österreich, president ofVerein Gegen Tierfabriken[18]
Neal D. Barnard1953United StatesPresident ofPhysicians Committee for Responsible Medicine[19]
Shane and Sia Barbi1963United StatesModels[20]
Brigitte Bardot1934FranceFormer actress, animal rights activist, founder of the Brigitte Bardot Foundation[21]
Bob Barker1923–2023United StatesFormer host ofThe Price Is Right, animal rights activist
Gene Baur1962United StatesFounder ofFarm Sanctuary[22]
Tom Beauchamp1939United StatesProfessor of Philosophy atGeorgetown University, co-author ofThe Human Use of Animals (1998)[23]
Marc Bekoff1945United StatesProfessor Emeritus of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology at the University of Colorado, Boulder, co-founder withJane Goodall of Ethologists for the Ethical Treatment of Animals[24]
Jeremy Bentham1748–1832United KingdomPhilosopher, author of the oft-quoted "The question is not, Can theyreason? nor, Can theytalk? but, Can theysuffer?"[25]
Steven Best1955United StatesPhilosopher, formerAnimal Liberation Press Office spokesperson[26]
Yves Bonnardel1967Yves Bonnardel 3 septembre 2017FrancePhilosopher, field activist and theorist, publisher, lecturer and essayist[27]


Michela Vittoria Brambilla1967ItalyPolitician[28]
Brigid Brophy1929–1995United KingdomWriter, author of article, "The Rights of Animals", inThe Sunday Times, London, 1965.[29]
Mel Broughton1960United KingdomCo-founder of theSPEAK campaign[30]
Joseph Buddenberg1984United StatesMink liberator, twice indicted on Animal Enterprise Terrorism Act charges. Served two years in federal prison for liberating 5,740 mink from U.S fur farms.[31]
Ned BuyukmihciUnited KingdomDoctor of veterinary medicine, founder of Association of Veterinarians for Animal Rights[32]
David Cantor1954United StatesFounder and Executive Director ofResponsible Policies for Animals,[33] a unique national educational nonprofit organization based in Glenside, Pennsylvania.
Joey Carbstrong1986AustraliaAnimal rights activist, veganism activist[34]
Paola Cavalieri1950ItalyPhilosopher, campaigner for theGreat Ape Project[35]
Margaret Cavendish, Duchess of Newcastle-upon-Tyne1623–1673United KingdomWriter, anti-vivisectionist[36]
Alan Clark1928–1999United KingdomConservative Member of Parliament (1974–1992 and1997–1999), historian,diarist[37]
Stephen R. L. Clark1945United KingdomProfessor of philosophy at theUniversity of Liverpool (1984–2009), author ofThe Moral Status of Animals (1977)[38]
Jean Clemens1880–1909United StatesDaughter ofMark Twain[39]
Frances Power Cobbe1822–1904United KingdomFounder of theNational Anti-Vivisection Society and theBritish Union for the Abolition of Vivisection[40]
Alasdair Cochrane1978United KingdomPolitical theorist based at theUniversity of Sheffield; author ofAn Introduction to Animals and Political Theory andAnimal Rights without Liberation[41]
Sue Coe1951United KingdomArtist, illustrator, author ofCruel: Bearing Witness to Animal Exploitation (2012)[42]
J. M. Coetzee1940South AfricaNovelist, recipient of the 2003Nobel Prize in Literature, author ofThe Lives of Animals (1999)[43]
Priscilla Cohn1933–2019United StatesProfessor Emeritus of Philosophy atPennsylvania State University, associate director of theOxford Centre for Animal Ethics[44]
Jake Conroy1976United StatesMember ofSHAC7, animal rights activist[45]
Rod Coronado1966United StatesAnimal rights activist, formerly for theALF,Earth First!, andELF[46]
James Cromwell1940United StatesActor, played the farmer inBabe (1995)[47]
Karen Davis1944–2023United StatesPresident ofUnited Poultry Concerns, author ofThe Holocaust and the Henmaid's Tale (2005)[48]
John DeBacker1993United StatesVice President of Long Island Cat/Kitten Solution (LICKS)
David DeGrazia1962United StatesProfessor of Philosophy atGeorge Washington University, author ofTaking Animals Seriously (1996)[49]
Chris DeRose1948United StatesFounder ofLast Chance for Animals[50]
Rukmini Devi1904–1986IndiaDancer, founder of theAnimal Welfare Board of India[51]
Nina Douglas-Hamilton, Duchess of Hamilton1878–1951United KingdomCo-founder of theAnimal Defence and Anti-Vivisection Society[52]
Hugh Dowding, 1st Baron Dowding1882–1970United KingdomCommander ofRAF Fighter Command, president of theNational Anti-Vivisection Society[53]
Muriel Dowding, Baroness Dowding1908–1981United KingdomFounder ofBeauty Without Cruelty[54]
Alice Drakoules1850–1933United KingdomLifelong supporter and treasurer ofHumanitarian League et al.[55]
Joan DunayerUnited StatesAuthor ofAnimal Equality (2001) andSpeciesism (2004)[56]
Lawrence FinsenUnited StatesProfessor of philosophy atUniversity of Redlands, co-author ofThe Animal Rights Movement in America (1994)[57]
Dian Fossey1932–1985United StatesPrimatologist, conservationist, advocate for mountain gorillas[58]
Roger Fouts1943United StatesPrimate researcher known for his work withWashoe the chimpanzee, adviser to theOxford Centre for Animal Ethics[59]
Gary L. Francione1954United StatesDistinguished Professor of Law and Nicholas deB. Katzenbach Scholar of Law & Philosophy atRutgers School of Law–Newark, leadingabolitionist, author ofAnimals, Property, and the Law(2005)[60]
Bruce Friedrich1969United StatesExecutive Director,The Good Food Institute[61]
Birutė Galdikas1946CanadaPrimatologist, conservationist, expert on orangutans[62]
Maneka Gandhi1956IndiaPolitician, founder ofPeople for Animals[63]
Robert Garner1960United KingdomProfessor of political theory at theUniversity of Leicester; co-author ofThe Animal Rights Debate: Abolition or Regulation? (2010)[64]
Juliet GellatleyUnited KingdomFounder and director ofViva![65]
Tal Gilboa1978IsraelFounder of the Israeli Animal Liberation Front[66]
Dick Goddard1931–2020United StatesTelevision meteorologist, animal advocate. Ohio 131st General Assembly–House Bill 60 (Dick Goddard's Law) was passed, which is named after him.[67]
Antoine Goetschel1958SwitzerlandLawyer, animal advocate for the canton of Zurich[68]
Lewis Gompertz1783 c. 1783–1861United KingdomAuthor,Moral Inquiries on the Situation of Man and of Brutes (1824), founderAnimals' Friend Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals
Jane Goodall1934–2025United KingdomFounder,Jane Goodall Institute, co-founder withMarc Bekoff of Ethologists for the Ethical Treatment of Animals[24]
Brigitte Gothière1973FranceDirector and spokesman for the animal rights groupL214, which she co-founded with Sébastien Arsac[69]
Celia Hammond1941United KingdomFormer model, founder of the Celia Hammond Animal Trust[70]
Stevan Harnad1945HungaryCognitive Sciences,Université du Québec à Montreal[71]
Alex Hershaft1934United StatesFounder ofFarm Animal Rights Movement and the Chairman of the U.S. Animal Rights National Conference[72]
Barry Horne1952–2001United KingdomAnimal rights activist, hunger striker[73]
Oscar Horta1974SpainAnimal activist andmoral philosopher who is currently a professor at theUniversity of Santiago de Compostela (USC) and one of the co-founders of the organization Animal Ethics[74]
Wayne Hsiung1980United StatesLawyer, open rescue activist, co-founder ofDirect Action Everywhere[75]
Harish Iyer1979IndiaAnimal, LGBTIQ and Child Rights Activist
V. R. Krishna Iyer1915–2014IndiaFormer judge of theSupreme Court of India[76]
pattrice jones1961United StatesWriter, educator, activist, co-founder of VINE Sanctuary[77]
Melanie Joy1966United StatesSocial psychologist and vegan activist, primarily notable for promulgating the termcarnism
Pedro Kaiten Piquero1976
SpainClassical pianist, translator, Buddhist Zen teacher, vegan activist[78]
Roberta Kalechofsky1931–2022United StatesWriter, author ofAnimal Suffering and the Holocaust: The Problem with Comparisons (2003)[79]
Shannon KeithUnited StatesAnimal rights lawyer, director ofBehind the Mask (2006)[80]
Lisa KemmererUnited StatesPhilosopher-activist, author, and educator[81]
Marti Kheel1948–2011United StatesEcofeminist writer, founder of Feminists for Animal Rights[82]
Anna Kingsford1846–1888United KingdomPhysician, anti-vivisectionist, author ofThe Perfect Way in Diet (1881)[83]
Niko Koffeman1958NetherlandsSenator,Party for the Animals[84]
Christine Korsgaard1952United StatesArthur Kingsley Porter Professor of Philosophy atHarvard University, author ofFellow Creatures (2018)[85]
Tiphaine Lagarde [fr]1982FranceActivist and co-founder of French antispeciesist association "269 Libération animale"[86]
Carla Lane1928–2016United KingdomTelevision scriptwriter, ran Animaline animal sanctuary[87]
Gill Langley1952United KingdomScientist, campaigner against the use of animals in research[88]
Charlotte Laws1960United StatesAuthor, TV Host and Animal rights activist[89]
Ronnie Lee1951United KingdomFounder of theAnimal Liberation Front[90]
Tobias Leenaert1973BelgiumVegan activist, speaker, author ofHow to Create a Vegan World: a Pragmatic Approach, and blogThe Vegan Strategist, co-founder of the Center for Effective Vegan Advocacy (CEVA) andProVeg International[91]
Lizzy Lind af Hageby1878–1963SwedenFounder of theAnimal Defence and Anti-Vivisection Society, known for theBrown Dog affair[92]
Bob LindenUnited StatesHost ofGo Vegan Radio[93]
Ludvig Lindström1975SwedenAnimal rights activist, founder ofGlobal Happiness Organization[94]
Andrew Linzey1951EnglandTheologian, founder of theOxford Centre for Animal Ethics[95]
Howard Lyman1938United StatesWriter and activist, author ofMad Cowboy[96]
Dan LyonsUnited KingdomCEO,Centre for Animals and Social Justice[97]
Jo-Anne McArthur1976CanadaPhotographer, founder of the We Animals project and subject ofThe Ghosts in Our Machine[98]
Linda McCartney1941–1998United StatesPhotographer, musician, founder ofLinda McCartney Foods[99]
Paul McCartney1942EnglandMusician, campaigner forPeople for the Ethical Treatment of Animals
Colin McGinn1950EnglandPhilosopher[100]
Charles R. Magel1920–2014United StatesProfessor emeritus of Philosophy and Ethics atMoorhead State University, animal rights activist and bibliographer[101]
Bill Maher1956United StatesComedian, board director ofPeople for the Ethical Treatment of Animals[102]
Keith MannEnglandAnimal rights activist, author ofFrom Dusk 'til Dawn: An Insider's View of the Growth of the Animal Liberation Movement (2007)[103]
Jeffrey Moussaieff Masson1941United StatesFormer psychoanalyst, author ofWhen Elephants Weep (1995)[104]
Dan Mathews1964United StatesSenior Vice-President ofPeople for the Ethical Treatment of Animals[105]
Gauri MaulekhiIndiaAnimal rights activist, Member Secretary People for Animals Uttarakhand, Trustee People for Animals, ConsultantHumane Society International, TrusteePeople for Animals India[106][107][108][109]
Mary Midgley1919–2018EnglandSenior Lecturer in Philosophy atNewcastle University (retired), author ofAnimals And Why They Matter (1983)[110]
Heather Mills1968United KingdomCampaigner forViva![111]
Moby1965United StatesMusician, DJ, releasedAnimal Rights (1996)[112]
Shaun Monson1958United StatesDirector ofEarthlings (2005)[113]
J. Howard Moore1862–1916United StatesZoologist, philosopher, educator, social reformer, and author ofThe Universal Kinship (1906)[114]
José Ferrater Mora1912–1991SpainPhilosopher, honoured by theFerrater Mora Oxford Centre for Animal Ethics[115]
Morrissey1959EnglandMusician
Jesús Mosterín1941–2017SpainProfessor of Logic and Philosophy of Science at theUniversity of Barcelona, honorary president of the SpanishGreat Ape Project[116]
Ingrid Newkirk1949United KingdomCo-founder and President ofPeople for the Ethical Treatment of Animals[117]
David Nibert1953United StatesAbolitionist, Professor of Sociology atWittenberg University[118]
Heather Nicholson1967United KingdomCo-founder of theConsort beagles,Hillgrove cats, andSHAC campaigns[119]
Jack Norris1967United StatesCo-founder and executive director ofVegan Outreach, vegan, author ofVitamin B12: Are You Getting It? andStaying Healthy On Plant-Based Diets,Animal Rights Hall of Fame member
Martha Nussbaum1947United StatesErnst Freund Distinguished Service Professor of Law and Ethics at theUniversity of Chicago[120]
Natasja Oerlemans1969NetherlandsPolitician,Party for the Animals[121]
David Olivier1956FrancePhilosopher and antispeciesist activist, founder of the journalLes Cahiers antispécistes[122]
Esther Ouwehand1976NetherlandsMember of Parliament,Party for the Animals[123]
Kelly OvertonUnited StatesExecutive Director of People Protecting Animals & Their Habitats[citation needed]
Alex Pacheco1958United StatesCo-founder ofPeople for the Ethical Treatment of Animals[124]
Colleen Patrick-Goudreau1970United StatesAuthor, Animal Advocate, Podcaster
David Pearce1959United KingdomPhilosopher, vegan and animal activist[125]
Jill Phipps1964–1995EnglandAnimal rights activist, campaigner againstlive export[126]
Joaquin Phoenix1974Puerto Rico (United States)Actor, animal rights activist, narrator ofEarthlings (2005) andDominion (2018)[127]
James Rachels1941–2003United StatesPhilosopher[128]
Tom Regan1938–2017United StatesProfessor emeritus of philosophy atNorth Carolina State University, author ofThe Case for Animal Rights (1983)[129]
Qiu Renzong1933 c. 1933ChinaBioethicist[130]
Dorothy Burney Richards1894–1985United StatesFounder ofBeaversprite, director ofDefenders of Wildlife 1948–1976[131]
Nathaniel Peabody Rogers1794–1846United StatesAbolitionist writer[132]
Bernard Rollin1943–2021United StatesProfessor of philosophy, animal sciences, and biomedical sciences atColorado State University[133]
Craig Rosebraugh1972United StatesWriter, environmentalist, animal rights activist[134]
Zoe Rosenberg2002United StatesAnimal sanctuary founder, animal rights activist[135]
Mark Rowlands1962WalesProfessor of Philosophy at theUniversity of Miami, author ofThe Philosopher and the Wolf (2008)[136]
Regan Russell1955–2020CanadaThe second Canadian to be struck by a pig hauling driver; she was killed on scene while attending an animal vigil throughToronto Pig Save[137]
Richard D. Ryder1940EnglandPsychologist, coined the term "speciesism" in 1970[138]
Henry Stephens Salt1851–1939EnglandCivil-rights campaigner, author ofAnimals' Rights: Considered in Relation to Social Progress (1892)[139]
Becky Sandstedt1960 c. 1960United StatesAnimal rights activist, former investigator forFarm Sanctuary[140]
Steve F. Sapontzis1945United StatesProfessor emeritus of philosophy atCalifornia State University, East Bay, author ofMorals, Reason, and Animals (1987)[141]
Anuradha SawhneyIndiaHead of Indian operations forPeople for the Ethical Treatment of Animals[142]
Jérôme Segal1970France-AustriaEssayist, historian and author ofAnimal radical: Histoire et sociologie de l'antispécisme ("Animal radical: The history and sociology of antispeciesism")[143]
Rakesh Shukla1971IndiaRuns a dog home inBengaluru; formerly a software entrepreneur[144][145]
Isaac Bashevis Singer1902–1991PolandWinner of the 1978Nobel Prize in Literature[146]
Peter Singer1946AustraliaPhilosopher, author ofAnimal Liberation (1975)[147]
Willie Smits1957NetherlandsConservationist, founder of theBorneo Orangutan Survival Foundation[148]
Amy Soranno1993 c. 1993CanadaAnimal rights activist in British Columbia[149]
Henry Spira1927–1998United StatesAnimal rights activist, founder of Animal Rights International[150]
Kim Stallwood1995EnglandAnimal rights activist, European director of theAnimals and Society Institute, former national director of People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (1987–1992), campaigns officer for the British Union for the Abolition of Vivisection (1981–1985), and national organizer forCompassion in World Farming (1976–1978), for which he remains a consultant. Founder of the Animal Rights Network (ARN), the world's largest library on animal rights, which became the Animals and Society Institute. Author ofGrowl: Life Lessons, Hard Truths, and Bold Strategies from an Animal Advocate.Lantern Books, 2013.[151]
Gary SteinerUnited StatesJohn Howard Harris Professor of Philosophy atBucknell University[152]
William O. Stephens1962United StatesProfessor Emeritus of Philosophy atCreighton University[153]
Pelle Strindlund1971SwedenWriter, founding member of the Rescue Service[154]
Cass Sunstein1954United StatesProfessor of Law atHarvard Law School, Administrator of the White HouseOffice of Information and Regulatory Affairs[155]
David Sztybel1967CanadaPhilosopher, writer[156]
Sunaura Taylor1982United StatesArtist and writer[157]
Marianne Thieme1972NetherlandsMember of Parliament,Party for the Animals[158]
Darren Thurston1970 c. 1970CanadaAnimal rights activist[159]
Bob and Jenna TorresUnited StatesWriters, animal rights and vegan activists[160]
Tokugawa Tsunayoshi1646–1709JapanThe fifthshōgun of the Tokugawa dynasty ofJapan, institutor of animal protection laws in 1695[161]
Andrew Tyler1946–2017United KingdomDirector ofAnimal Aid[162]
Jerry Vlasak1958United StatesPhysician,Animal Liberation Press Office spokesperson[163]
John Vyvyan1908–1975EnglandWriter, author ofThe Dark Face of Science (1971)[164]
Alice Walker1944United StatesWriter[165]
Donald Watson1910–2005EnglandFounder of the BritishVegan Society[166]
Robin Webb1945EnglandSpokesperson for the BritishAnimal Liberation Press Office[167]
Betty White1922–2021United StatesActress, author, comedian and animal rights activist
Caroline Earle White1833–1916United StatesCo-founder of the Pennsylvania Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, founder of theAmerican Anti-Vivisection Society[40]
Liz White1950 c. 1950CanadaLeader of theAnimal Alliance Environment Voters Party of Canada[168]
Steven M. Wise1950–2024United StatesLaw professor, author ofRattling the Case: Toward Legal Rights for Animals (2000)[169]
Ursula Wolf1951GermanyPhilosopher, author ofDas Tier in der Moral (1990)[170]
Philip Wollen1950IndiaAustralian philanthropist, environmentalist and animal rights activist
Gretchen Wyler1932–2007United StatesActress, dancer, animal rights activist, and founder of theGenesis Awards for producing outstanding works which raise public awareness of animal issues[171]
Jon Wynne-Tyson1924–2020EnglandFounder of Centaur Press, author ofThe Extended Circle: A Commonplace Book of Animal Rights (1985)[172]
Roger Yates1957EnglandSociologist, co-founder of Vegan Ireland: The Vegan Society of Ireland[173]
Peter Daniel YoungUnited StatesAnimal rights activist[174]
Gary Yourofsky1970United StatesAnimal rights activist and lecturer[175]
Benjamin Zephaniah1958–2023EnglandRastafari poet, honorary patron ofThe Vegan Society[176]
Dina Zulfikar1962EgyptFilm distributor, animal rights activist, co-founder ofSPARE Animal Welfare Society, member ofAnimal welfare and rights in the Netherlands[177]

See also

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References

[edit]
  1. ^Taylor, Angus.Animals and Ethics: An Overview of the Philosophical Debate. Broadview Press, 2009, p. 7ff.
  2. ^Finsen, Susan and Finsen, Lawrence. "Animal rights movement," in Marc Bekoff (ed.).The Encyclopedia of Animal Rights and Animal Welfare. Greenwood, 2009.
    • For more about the history of the ideas, see Kean, Hilda.Animal Rights: Political and Social Change in Britain since 1800. Reaktion Books, 1998.
    • Also see:
    • Singer, Peter."Animal liberation",The New York Review of Books, Volume 20, Number 5, 5 April 1973.
    • "Food for Thought", letter from David Rosinger and a reply from Peter Singer,The New York Review of Books, Volume 20, Number 10, 14 June 1973.
    • Singer, Peter.Animal Liberation New York Review/Random House, 1975.
    • Regan, Tom."The Moral Basis of Vegetarianism",Canadian Journal of Philosophy, Vol. 5, No. 2 (Oct. 1975), pp. 181–214.
    • Regan, Tom."McCloskey on Why Animals Cannot Have Rights",The Philosophical Quarterly, Vol. 26, No. 104 (Jul. 1976), pp. 251–257.
    • Regan, Tom.The Case for Animal Rights. University of California Press, 1983.
  3. ^Francione, Gary L. and Garner, Robert.The Animal Rights Debate: Abolition or Regulation?. Columbia University Press, 2010, p. 1ff, 103ff.
  4. ^Tähtinen, Unto (1976).Ahimsa. Non-Violence in Indian Tradition. London. pp. 2–3 (English translation: Schmidt p. 631).ISBN 0-09-123340-2.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  5. ^Kamil Zvelebil (1973).The Smile of Murugan: On Tamil Literature of South India. BRILL Academic. pp. 156–157.ISBN 90-04-03591-5.
  6. ^Pope, George Uglow (1997).The Naladiyar or Four Hundred Quatrains in Tamil. New Delhi: Asian Educational Services. pp. 80–82.ISBN 81-206-0023-1.
  7. ^"Veganism in India and its Growth Over the Years into a Formidable Movement".The Vegan Indians. 26 June 2021. Retrieved23 August 2021.
  8. ^Cronin, Keri (23 September 2016)."Philosophy, Activism, and an 'Attentive Willingness to Reconsider One's Duty Toward Others'".Unbound Project. Retrieved29 August 2025.
  9. ^Adams, Carol J.The Sexual Politics of Meat: A Feminist-Vegetarian Critical Theory. Continuum, 1990.
    • Adams, Carol J.Neither Man nor Beast: Feminism and the Defense of Animals. Continuum, 1994.
  10. ^Barnett, David."So long, Douglas Adams, and thanks for all the books",The Guardian, 11 May 2011.
  11. ^Greenwald, Marilyn S.Cleveland Amory: Media Curmudgeon & Animal Rights Crusader. University Press of New England, 2009.
  12. ^"Anderson saves stray from life on the streets",Toronto Sun, 15 May 2012.
  13. ^"Our Founder, Claudine André".Friends of Bonobos. 13 May 2025. Retrieved29 August 2025.
  14. ^Wilson, Gemma (13 January 2015)."James Aspey speaks for first time after a year of silence".News.com.au. News Corp Australia Network. Retrieved31 December 2017.
  15. ^Aufhauser, Michael.Happy End for Rescued Dogs. teNeues, 2008.
  16. ^Boggan, Steve."Money talks",The Guardian, 1 June 2006.
  17. ^Ball, Matt. "Living and working in defense of animals," in Peter Singer (ed).In Defense Of Animals: The Second Wave. Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2006.
  18. ^Balluch, Martin. "How Austria Achieved a Historic Breakthrough for Animals," in Peter Singer (ed).In Defense Of Animals: The Second Wave. Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2006.
  19. ^Wadman, Meredith."Profile: Neal Barnard",Nature, 1 June 2006.
  20. ^"The Barbi Twins Make a Bold Statement for Animal Rights", Extra TV, 9 May 2010.
  21. ^Singer, Barnett.Brigitte Bardot: A Biography. McFarland, 2006, p. 109 ff.
  22. ^Jones, Maggie."The Barnyard Strategist",The New York Times, 24 October 2008, p. 2/5.
  23. ^"Tom Beauchamp – "Rights Theory and Animal Rights"Archived 4 November 2013 at theWayback Machine, Department of Philosophy, University of Calgary. Retrieved 5 June 2012.
  24. ^abCallahan, Sharon."Interview with Marc Bekoff", Anaflora. Retrieved 1 June 2012.
  25. ^Sunstein, Cass R. "Introduction: What are Animal Rights?," in Sunstein, Cass R. and Nussbaum, Martha (ed.).Animal rights. Oxford University Press, 2005, pp. 3–4; also see Francione, Gary. "Animals—Property or Persons", p. 139, footnote 78, in the same volume.
    • For the quote, see Regan, Tom.The Case for Animal Rights. University of California Press, 1983, p. 95.
  26. ^Smallwood, Scott."Britain Bans American Professor Who Speaks on Behalf of Animal Liberation Front",The Chronicle of Higher Education, 29 August 2005.
  27. ^Yves Bonnardel, Thomas Lepeltier, Pierre Sigler."La Révolution antispéciste", Presses universitaires de France, 2018. Yves Bonnardel and Axelle Playoust-Braure."Solidarité animale. Défaire la société spéciste", éditions La Découverte, 2020.
  28. ^(in Italian) Brambilla, Michela Vittoria.Manifesto animalista, p. 0, atGoogle Books.
  29. ^Brophy, Brigid. "The Rights on Animals," inThe Sunday Times, 10 October 1965; reprinted in Brophy, Brigid.Don't Never Forget. Cape, 1966.
    • Ryder, Richard.Animal Revolution: Changing Attitudes Towards Speciesism. Berg, 2000, p. 5.
  30. ^Dear, Paula."Anatomy of an animal rights protest", BBC News, 5 October 2004.
  31. ^Bever, Lindsay. [ "Animal rights activists went on a cross-country anti-fur rampage. Final stop: Federal prison."], Washington Post, January 2017.
  32. ^Guither, Harold D.Animal Rights: History and Scope of a Radical Social Movement. SIU Press, 1998, p. 128.
  33. ^Responsible Policies for Animals.
  34. ^"Joey Carbstrong, vegan activist, on the myth of humane slaughter and why vegans have obligation to convert meat eaters".South China Morning Post. 22 January 2018. Retrieved25 March 2023.
  35. ^Cavalieri, Paola and Singer, Peter (eds).The Great Ape Project: Equality Beyond Humanity. St. Martin's Press, 1994.
  36. ^Shevelow, Kathryn.For the Love of Animals: The Rise of the Animal Protection Movement. Henry Holt and Company, 2008, p. 17ff.
  37. ^Lyall, Sarah."Alan Clark, a British Scold, Is Dead at 71",The New York Times, 8 September 1999.
  38. ^Clark, Stephen R. L.The Moral Status of Animals. Oxford University Press, 1977.
    • Clark, Stephen R. L.The Nature of the Beast. Oxford University Press, 1982.
    • Clark, Stephen R. L.Animals and their Moral Standing. Routledge, 1997.
  39. ^Camfield, Greg.The Oxford Companion to Mark Twain. Oxford University Press, 2003, p. 99.
  40. ^abBuettinger, Craig."Women and antivivisection in late nineteenth century America",Journal of Social History, Vol. 30, No. 4 (Summer, 1997), pp. 857–872.
  41. ^"Alasdair Cochrane".The University of Sheffield. Retrieved29 August 2025.
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Further reading

[edit]
  • Beauchamp, Tom and Frey, R.G. (eds.).The Oxford Handbook of Animal Ethics. Oxford University Press, 2011.
  • Bekoff, Marc (ed.).The Encyclopedia of Animal Rights and Animal Welfare. Greenwood, 2009.
  • Linzey, Andrew (ed.).Animal Encyclopedia. University of Princeton Press (forthcoming).
  • Linzey, Andrew (ed.).The Global Guide to Animal Protection. University of Illinois Press (forthcoming).
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