José LuisAyuso Fernández (1897-1992), inventor, engineer, mechanic, electrician and cinematographic projectionist. He was a pioneer in sound film industry, inventing one of the first systems to synchronize sound and video in films.
Juan Pablo deBonet (1573-1633), pioneer of education for the deaf, he publishedReducción de las letras y arte para enseñar a hablar a los mudos ("Summary of the letters and the art of teaching speech to the mute") in 1620 in Madrid, the first modern treatise of sign language phonetics, setting out a method of oral education for deaf people and the first recognizable sign language alphabet.[9][10]
CeledonioCalatayud (1880-1931) pioneered the use ofradiology and electrology in Europe for both diagnostics and therapeutical purposes, introducingradiotherapy in Spain in 1906.[14]
JulioCervera Baviera (1854-1927), engineer, pioneer in the development ofradio, educator, explorer, and military man. He established the second and third regular radiotelegraph service in the history of the world in 1901 and 1902 by maintaining regular transmissions betweenTarifa andCeuta for three consecutive months, and betweenJavea andIbiza. Some consider him the actual inventor of the radio.[16][17]
AvelinoCorma Canós (born 1951), chemist, distinguished for his world-leading work onheterogeneous catalysis, developed catalysts that are being used commercially in several industrial processes.[21]
FranciscoDíaz de Alcalá (1527-1590), urologist and doctor, wrote the first treatises on diseases of the bladder, kidneys, and urethra; he is generally regarded as the founder of modernurology.[22]
Antoni deGimbernat, (1734–1816), surgeon and anatomist, described in detail the anatomy of the inguinal and femoral regions of the human body and laid the groundwork for modern techniques of inguinal hernia repair. The lacunar ligament is named after him.[27][28]
Fernando Gallego Herrera, (1901-1973), civil engineer and aviator, noted for improved bridge design, an improved method for undersea tunnel construction, plans for the use of compressed air for vertical take off of aircraft in the 1930s, and the modernization of the Panama Canal.
FranciscoHernández (1514–1587), botanist, carried out important research about the Mexican flora.[30]
Juan deHerrera (1530-1597), architect, mathematician and geometer, designed the construction plans ofEl Escorial and theCathedral of Valladolid among others and created a compass to measure length and width and a machine to cut iron.[31]
BartoloméHidalgo Agüero (1530-1597), doctor, developed, described and evaluated a revolutionary healing method for stab wounds[32]
JuanHuarte de San Juan (1529–1588), physician and psychologist, hisExamen de ingenios para las ciencias was the first attempt to show the connexion between psychology and physiology.[33]
Emilio HerreraLinares (1879-1967), military engineer and physicist, designed a pressurized space suit for stratospheric flights (escafandra estratonáutica), precedent of themodern space suits.[36]
José Luis López Gómez (1941-) is an engineer and inventor, with several patents relating to high speed trains.
GregorioMarañón (1887–1960), doctor and researcher, leading figure in endocrinology.[37]
NarcísMonturiol (1818–1885), physicist and inventor, pioneer of underwater navigation and the first successful machine poweredsubmarine.[38][39]
José Celestino BrunoMutis (1732–1808), botanist, doctor, philosopher and mathematician, carried out relevant research about the American flora, founded one of the first astronomic observatories in America (1762).[40]
AurelianoMaestre de San Juan (1828-1890), scientist, histologist, physician and anatomist credited as being one of the first scientists to recognize the disorder known as Kallmann syndrome.[41]
FedericoOlóriz Aguilera, (1855-1912), doctor, created the primary fingerprint classification system used in Portugal and Spain prior to the use of computer filing systems.[43]
MateuOrfila (1787–1853), doctor and chemist, father of moderntoxicology, leading figure in forensic toxicology.[44]
JoanOró (1923–2004), biochemist, carried out important research about the origin of life, he worked withNASA on theViking missions.[45]
JulioPalacios Martínez (1891–1970), physicist and mathematician.[46]
IsaacPeral (1851–1895), engineer and sailor, designer of the first fully operative military submarine, with electric propulsion making full propulsion feasible.[47]
Juan TomásPorcell (1528-1580), doctor and anatomist, carried decisive research on theBlack Death and wrote influential treaties of epidemiology.[48]
Miguel Servet, the first European to correctly describe the function of pulmonary circulation,c. 1740
MargaritaSalas (1938-2019), biochemist and molecular geneticist, who discovered the order in which messenger RNA is read, as well S Φ29 phage DNA polymerase, of major use in DNA amplification.[56]
MiguelServet (1511–1553), known in English by his Latin name of Michael Servetus, scientist, surgeon and humanist; first European to describepulmonary circulation.[58]
JosepTrueta (1897–1977), doctor, his new method for treatment of open wounds and fractures helped save a great number of lives during World War II.[67]
^Warren, James Francis (2009). "Scientific Superman: Father José Algué, Jesuit Meteorology, and the Philippines under American Rule, 1897-1924." InColonial Crucible: Empire in the Making of the Modern American State, Part VIII, University of Wisconsin Press.
^Garcia, Nicholas (2007).Mas alla de la Leyenda Negra. Valencia: Universidad de Valencia. pp. 443–454.ISBN9788437067919.
^Baedeker's Barcelona Peter M. Nahm, Automobile Association (Great Britain) - 1992 "Josep Comas i Solà (1868–1937) Born in Barcelona, Josep Comas i Sola soon made his mark as an astronomer; he was only fifteen when he published an article in a French specialist magazine. "
^(in Spanish) Javier Manterola Armisén (1988). <<Carlos Fernández Casado. Hombre y conocimiento>>.Revista de Obras Públicas nº 135, pp. 1013-1026.
^P. FAUS SEVILLA,El cólera de 1885 en Valencia y la vacunación Ferrán, enMedicina y Sociedad en la España del s. XIX, Madrid 1964, 285-486.(in Spanish)
^Arráez-Aybar, LA & Bueno-López, JL. (2013). Antonio Gimbernat y Arbós: An Anatomist-surgeon of the Enlightenment (In the 220th Anniversary of hisA New Method of Operating the Crural Hernia). Clinical Anatomy 26:800–809
^Cargill Hall, R. (1986).History of rocketry and astronautics: proceedings of the third through the sixth History Symposia of the International Academy of Astronautics, Volumen 1. NASA conference publication. American Astronautical Society by Univelt, p. 85.ISBN0-87703-260-2
^Maestre de San Juan, Aureliano (1856). "Teratolagia: falta total de los nervios olfactorios con anosmia en un individuo en quien existia una atrofia congenita de los testiculos y miembro viril".El Siglo Médico.3:211–221.
^2011 "The love for truth. Life and work of Michael Servetus", (El amor a la verdad. Vida y obra de Miguel Servet.), printed by Navarro y Navarro, Zaragoza, collaboration with the Government of Navarra, Department of Institutional Relations and Education of the Government of Navarra, 607 pp, 64 of them illustrations, p 215-228 & 62nd illustration (XLVII)
^Fernando Salmón (2010). Robert E. Bjork (ed.).The Oxford Dictionary of the Middle Ages. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. p. 135.ISBN978-0-19-866262-4.
^D. Campbell,Arabian Medicine and Its Influence on the Middle Ages, p. 5.
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