This is alist ofinventors from theRussian Federation,Soviet Union,Russian Empire,Tsardom of Russia andGrand Duchy of Moscow, including both ethnicRussians and people of other ethnicities.
This list also includes those who were born in Russia or its predecessor states but later emigrated, and those who were born elsewhere but immigrated to the country or worked there for a considerable time, (producing inventions on Russian soil).
For Russian inventions in chronological order, see theTimeline of Russian inventions and technology records.
| Portrait | Person | Inventions | Image |
|---|---|---|---|
| Vladimir Chelomey (1914–1984) | firstspace station (Salyut 1), further space stations ofSalyut series,Proton rocket (the most usedheavy liftlaunch system)[36] | ||
| Pavel Cherenkov (1904–1990) | Cherenkov detector[37] | ||
| Evgeniy Chertovsky (1902–?) | pressure suit[38] | ||
| Alexander Chizhevsky (1897–1964) | air ionizer (Chizhevsky's chandelier)[39] | ||
| Andrey Chokhov (c. 1545–1629) Grand Duchy of Moscow Tsardom of Russia | Tsar Cannon, thelargest bombard by caliber but inoperative[40] |
| Portrait | Person | Inventions | Image |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ivan Elmanov | firstmonorail (the so-called "Road on Pillars" nearMoscow, with horse-drawn carriages)[48] |
| Portrait | Person | Inventions | Image |
|---|---|---|---|
| Peter Carl Fabergé (1846–1920) | Fabergé Eggs[49] | ||
| Nicolas Florine (1891–1972) (born inGeorgia) | firsttandem rotorhelicopter to fly freely[50] | ||
| Ivan Fyodorov (c. 1510–1583) Grand Duchy of Moscow Tsardom of Russia | inventedmultibarreledmortar, introducedprinting inRussia[51] | ||
| Svyatoslav Fyodorov (1927–2000) | radial keratotomy[52] | ||
| Vladimir Fyodorov (1874–1966) | Fedorov Avtomat (first self-loadingbattle rifle, arguably the firstassault rifle)[53] |
| Portrait | Person | Inventions | Image |
|---|---|---|---|
| Waldemar Haffkine (1860–1930) | developed and used first vaccines againstcholera andbubonic plague[69][70] |
| Portrait | Person | Inventions | Image |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gavriil Ilizarov (1921–1992) | Ilizarov apparatus,external fixation,distraction osteogenesis[71][72] | ||
| Sergey Ilyushin (1894–1977) | Il-series fighter aircraft, includingIlyushin Il-2 bomber (themost produced military aircraft in history)[73] | ||
| Aleksei Isaev (1908–1971) (second left on photo) | firstrocket-powered fighter aircraft,BI-1 (together withBereznyak)[25] | ||
| Isidore Grand Duchy of Moscow | Russian vodka[74] | ||
| Vladislav Ivanov (1936–2007) | Pioneer ofMagnetic resonance imaging[75][76][77] |
| Portrait | Person | Inventions | Image |
|---|---|---|---|
| Boris Jacobi (1801–1874) | electrotyping (an application ofelectroplating totypography),electric boat[78] |
| Portrait | Person | Inventions | Image |
|---|---|---|---|
| Theophil Wilgodt Odhner (1845–1903) | theOdhner Arithmometer (amechanicalpinwheel calculator) | ||
| Lucien Olivier (1838–1883) (Belgian orFrench origin) | Russian salad (Olivier salad) |
| Portrait | Person | Inventions | Image |
|---|---|---|---|
| Leonid Ramzin (1887–1948) | straight-flowboiler (Ramzin boiler)[128] | ||
| Peter I of Russia (Romanov) (1672–1725) Tsardom of Russia | decimal currency,yacht club,sounding line with separatingplummet (sounding weight probe)[129][130][131] | ||
| Ida Rosenthal (1886–1973) (born inBelarus,Jewish descent) | modernbrassiere (Maidenform), the standard ofcup sizes,nursing bra, full-figured bra, the first seamed uplift bra (all with her husband William)[132][133][134] | ||
| Boris Rosing (1869–1933) | CRT television (firstTV system usingcathode ray tube on the receiving side)[135][136] | ||
| Eugene Roshal (born 1972) | FAR file manager,RARfile format,WinRARfile archiver[137] |
| Portrait | Person | Inventions | Image |
|---|---|---|---|
| Vladimir Utkin (1923–2000) | railcar-launchedICBM (RT-23 Molodets), other Soviet rockets[153] |
| Portrait | Person | Inventions | Image |
|---|---|---|---|
| Vladimir Vakhmistrov (1897–1972) | first bomber with aparasite aircraft (Zveno project) | ||
| Viktor Vasnetsov (1848–1926) | budenovka military hat | ||
| Vladimir Veksler (1907–1966) | synchrophasotron, co-inventor ofsynchrotron[34][154] |
| Portrait | Person | Inventions | Image |
|---|---|---|---|
| Paul Walden (1863–1957) (born inLatvia,Baltic German descent) | Walden inversion,Ethylammonium nitrate (the first room temperatureionic liquid) |
| Portrait | Person | Inventions | Image |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pavel Yablochkov (1847–1894) | Yablochkov candle (first commercially viable electric carbonarc lamp) | ||
| Alexander Yakovlev (1906–1989) | Yak-series aircraft, includingYakovlev Yak-40 (the firstregional jet) | ||
| Vladimir Yourkevitch (1885–1964) | modern shiphull design | ||
| Sergei Yudin (1891–1954) | cadaveric blood transfusion and other medical operations[155] |
| Portrait | Person | Inventions | Image |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ludwik Łazarz Zamenhof (1859–1917) (Poland) | Esperanto language | ||
| Yevgeny Zavoisky (1907–1976) | EPR spectroscopy, co-developer ofNMR spectroscopy[156] | ||
| Nikolay Zelinsky (1861–1953) | the first effective filteringactivated charcoalgas mask in the world | ||
| Nikolai Zhukovsky (1847–1921) | an earlywind tunnel, co-developer of theTsar Tank[98][157] | ||
| Vladimir Zvorykin (1889–1982) | pioneer of television technologyIconoscope,kinescope | ||
| Vasily Zvyozdochkin (1876–1956) | matryoshka doll (together with painterSergey Malyutin)[158] |
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