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List of prime ministers of Hungary

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected fromList of Prime Ministers of Hungary)

István Bethlen is considered one of the greatest prime ministers.
Imre Nagy was the prime minister during theRevolution of 1956.
Viktor Orbán is the current prime minister.
Recentelections

Theprime minister of Hungary (Hungarian:Magyarország miniszterelnöke) is thehead of government ofHungary and the leader of theHungarian cabinet.

Background

[edit]

The office of prime minister was formally established during theHungarian Revolution of 1848, under theApril Laws sanctioned byKing Ferdinand V. The first prime minister wasLajos Batthyány, who took office on 17 March 1848, marking the beginning of constitutional and parliamentary government in Hungary.[1]

Following the outbreak of the revolution, growing tensions between theHungarian Diet and theAustrian imperial court led to Batthyány's resignation in September 1848. On 3 October 1848, Emperor Ferdinand appointed CountÁdám Récsey as prime minister, though this appointment was made without the approval of the Diet and was therefore unconstitutional under the April Laws.[2]

Récsey attempted to dissolve the Hungarian Diet and reassert royal authority, but his actions were rejected by Hungarian leaders and the revolutionary government led byLajos Kossuth. His term lasted only a few days. After Emperor Ferdinand abdicated on 7 October 1848 in favor of his nephewFranz Joseph I, Récsey was forced to resign and was briefly arrested.[3]

The office of prime minister was restored following theAustro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867, which created theLands of the Crown of Saint Stephen within theDual Monarchy. Since then, the prime minister has remained the head of government, responsible for directing the executive branch and leading the cabinet.[4]

After the collapse of Austria-Hungary in 1918, Hungary experienced several regime changes, including theFirst Hungarian Republic, theHungarian Soviet Republic, and thesecond Kingdom of Hungary without a reigning monarch. The prime minister's role continued throughout these periods, though its powers varied depending on the form of government.[5]

FollowingWorld War II, Hungary became aPeople's Republic underSoviet influence, during which the office of prime minister continued in name but held limited power under the Communist Party.[6] After thefall of communism in 1989, Hungary re-established itself as a democratic parliamentary republic, and the prime minister once again became the head of a freely elected government accountable to theNational Assembly.[7]

The current prime minister isViktor Orbán, who has served since29 May 2010.

Kingdom of Hungary (1848–1849) and theHungarian State (1849)

[edit]

Parties  Opposition Party (EP)  Military

No.PortraitName
(Birth–Death)
Term of officePartyAssembly
(Election)
CabinetMonarch
(Reign)
Took officeLeft officeTenure
Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Hungary
1Count
Lajos Batthyány
(1807–1849)
17 March 18482 October 1848199 daysEPLast DietBatthyány
EPKP
Ferdinand V

(1835–1848)
1
(1848)
President of the Committee of National Defence
2Lajos Kossuth
(1802–1894)
2 October 18482 May 1849194 daysEP1
(1848)
Committee of National Defence
EPBP
Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Hungary
Baron
Ádám Récsey
(1775–1852)
appointed illegally
3 October 18487 October 18484 daysArmy1
(1848)
3Bertalan Szemere
(1812–1869)
2 May 184911 August 1849101 daysEPSzemere
EPBP
Vacant
[a]

After the collapse of theHungarian Revolution of 1848, the restoredHungarian Kingdom became an integral part of theAustrian Empire until 1867, when dualAustro-Hungarian Monarchy was created and the Hungarian Kingdom was organized asLands of the Crown of Saint Stephen.

Kingdom of Hungary (1867–1918)

[edit]

Parties  Deák Party (DP)/Liberal Party (SZP)/National Party of Work (NMP)  National Constitution Party (OAP)/48AP  Party of Independence and '48 (F48P)  Independent

No.PortraitName
(Birth–Death)
Term of officePartyAssembly
(Election)
CabinetMonarch
(Reign)
Took officeLeft officeTenure
Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Hungary
4Count
Gyula Andrássy
(1823–1890)
17 February 186714 November 18714 years, 270 daysDP3
(1865)
Andrássy
DP
Francis
Joseph I


(1848–1916)
4
(1869)
5Count
Menyhért Lónyay
(1822–1884)
14 November 18714 December 18721 year, 20 daysDPLónyay
DP
5
(1872)
6József Szlávy
(1818–1900)
4 December 187221 March 18741 year, 107 daysDPSzlávy
DP
7István Bittó
(1822–1903)
21 March 18742 March 1875346 daysDPBittó
DPBK
8Count
Béla Wenckheim
(1811–1879)
2 March 187520 October 1875232 daysSZPWenckheim
SZP
9Kálmán Tisza
(1830–1902)
20 October 187513 March 189014 years, 144 daysSZP6
(1875)
K. Tisza
SZP
7
(1878)
8
(1881)
9
(1884)
10
(1887)
10Count
Gyula Szapáry
(1832–1905)
13 March 189017 November 18922 years, 249 daysSZPSzapáry
SZP
11
(1892)
11Sándor Wekerle
(1848–1921)
1st term
17 November 189214 January 18952 years, 58 daysSZPWekerle I
SZP
12Baron
Dezső Bánffy
(1843–1911)
14 January 189526 February 18994 years, 43 daysSZPBánffy
SZP
12
(1896)
13Kálmán Széll
(1843–1915)
26 February 189927 June 19034 years, 121 daysSZPSzéll
SZP
13
(1901)
14Count
Károly Khuen-Héderváry
(1849–1918)
1st term
27 June 19033 November 1903129 daysSZPKhuen-Héderváry I
SZP
15István Tisza
(1861–1918)
1st term
3 November 190318 June 19051 year, 227 daysSZPI. Tisza I
SZP
16BaronFeldzeugmeister
Géza Fejérváry
(1833–1914)
18 June 19058 April 1906294 daysInd.14
(1905)
Fejérváry
SZP
(11)Sándor Wekerle
(1848–1921)
2nd term
8 April 190617 January 19103 years, 284 daysOAP15
(1906)
Wekerle II
F48POAPKNP–PDP
(14)Count
Károly Khuen-Héderváry
(1849–1918)
2nd term
17 January 191022 April 19122 years, 96 daysNMP16
(1910)
Khuen-Héderváry II
NMP
17László Lukács
(1850–1932)
22 April 191210 June 19131 year, 49 daysNMPLukács
NMP
(15)Count
István Tisza
(1861–1918)
2nd term
10 June 191315 June 19174 years, 5 daysNMPI. Tisza II
NMP
18Count
Móric Esterházy
(1881–1960)
15 June 191720 August 191766 daysInd.Esterházy
NMPF48POAPKNP–PDP
Charles IV

(1916–1918)
(11)Sándor Wekerle
(1848–1921)
3rd term
20 August 191730 October 19181 year, 71 daysOAP

48AP
Wekerle III
NMPF48POAP48APKNP–PDP
19Count
János Hadik
(1863–1933)
30 October 191831 October 19181 day[b]OAPHadik
not formed
20Count
Mihály Károlyi
(1875–1955)
31 October 191816 November 191816 daysF48PMNTM. Károlyi
F48P–PRP–MSZDP

Hungarian People's Republic (1918–1919)

[edit]

Parties  F48P  PRP (Civil Radical Party)

No.PortraitName
(Birth–Death)
Term of officePartyAssembly
(Election)
CabinetPresident
(Term)
Took officeLeft officeTenure
Prime Minister of the Hungarian People's Republic
(20)Count
Mihály Károlyi
(1875–1955)
acting head of state
16 November 191811 January 191956 daysF48PMNT(—)M. Károlyi
F48P–PRP–MSZDP
[c]

Mihály Károlyi

(1918–1919)

Dénes Berinkey
(1871–1944)
[d]
11 January 191918 January 19197 daysPRP
2118 January 191921 March 191962 daysBerinkey
F48P–PRP–MSZDPOKGFP

Hungarian Soviet Republic (1919)

[edit]

Parties  KMP

No.PortraitName
(Birth–Death)
Term of officePartyAssembly
(Election)
CabinetChairman
(Term)
Took officeLeft officeTenure
Chairman of the Revolutionary Governing Council of the Hungarian Soviet Republic
22Sándor Garbai
(1879–1947)
head of state
21 March 19191 August 1919133 daysKMPTOGY(—)Central Executive Council
KMP
Himself

(1919)

Counter-revolutionary governments (1919)

[edit]

Parties  Independent

No.PortraitName
(Birth–Death)
Term of officePartyCabinet
Took officeLeft officeTenure
Prime Minister of the Counter-revolutionary Government of Hungary
Gyula Károlyi
(1871–1947)
in opposition
5 May 191931 May 191968 daysInd.Arad
31 May 19196 June 1919Szeged I
6 June 191912 July 1919Szeged II
Dezső Pattantyús-Ábrahám
(1875–1973)
in opposition
12 July 191912 August 191931 daysInd.Szeged III

Hungarian People's Republic (1919)

[edit]

Parties  MSZDP

No.PortraitName
(Birth–Death)
Term of officePartyAssembly
(Election)
CabinetPresident
(Term)
Took officeLeft officeTenure
Prime Minister of the Hungarian People's Republic
23Gyula Peidl
(1873–1943)
acting head of state
1 August 19196 August 1919
(deposed)
5 daysMSZDP
[e]
Peidl
MSZDP
Himself

Hungarian Republic (1919–1920)

[edit]

Parties  KNP  KNEP  Independent

No.PortraitName
(Birth–Death)
Term of officePartyAssembly
(Election)
CabinetPresident
(Term)
Took officeLeft officeTenure
Prime Minister of the Hungarian Republic
24István Friedrich
(1883–1951)
[f]
7 August 191924 November 1919109 daysInd.

KNP

KNEP

[e]
Friedrich
KNPKNEPOKGFP
[g]

Himself

25Károly Huszár
(1882–1941)
acting head of state
24 November 19191 March 192098 daysKNEPHuszár
KNEPOKGFPMSZDP–NDPP
Himself

Kingdom of Hungary (1920–1946)

[edit]

Parties  Christian National Union Party (KNEP)  Unity Party (EP)/Party of National Unity (NEP)/Party of Hungarian Life (MÉP)  Independent

No.PortraitName
(Birth–Death)
Term of officePartyAssembly
(Election)
CabinetRegent
(Reign)
Took officeLeft officeTenure
Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Hungary
(25)Károly Huszár
(1882–1941)
1 March 192015 March 192014 daysKNEPHuszár
KNEPOKGFPMSZDP–NDPP
Miklós Horthy

(1920–1944)
26Sándor Simonyi-Semadam
(1864–1946)
15 March 192019 July 1920126 daysKNEP17
(1920)
Simonyi-Semadam
KNEPOKGFP
27Count
Pál Teleki
(1879–1941)
1st term
19 July 192014 April 1921269 daysKNEPTeleki I
KNEPOKGFP
28Count
István Bethlen
(1874–1946)
14 April 192124 August 193110 years, 132 daysEP18
(1922)
Bethlen
(KNEPOKGFP)→EP
19
(1926)
20
(1931)
29Count
Gyula Károlyi
(1871–1947)
24 August 19311 October 19321 year, 38 daysEPG. Károlyi
EPKGSZP
30Gyula Gömbös
(1886–1936)
1 October 19326 October 1936
(died in office)
4 years, 5 daysNEP21
(1935)
Gömbös
NEP
31Kálmán Darányi
(1886–1939)
6 October 193612 October 19366 daysNEP
12 October 193614 May 19381 year, 214 daysDarányi
NEP
32Béla Imrédy
(1891–1946)
14 May 193816 February 1939278 daysNEPImrédy
NEP
(27)Count
Pál Teleki
(1879–1941)
2st term
16 February 19393 April 1941
(died in office)
2 years, 46 daysMÉPTeleki II
MÉP
22
(1939)
Ferenc Keresztes-Fischer
(1881–1948)
acting
3 April 19410 daysMÉP
33László Bárdossy
(1890–1946)
3 April 19417 March 1942338 daysMÉPBárdossy
MÉP
Ferenc Keresztes-Fischer
(1881–1948)
acting
7 March 19429 March 19422 daysMÉP
34Miklós Kállay
(1887–1967)
9 March 194222 March 1944
(deposed)
2 years, 13 daysMÉPKállay
MÉP
35Döme Sztójay
(1883–1946)
22 March 194429 August 1944160 daysInd.Sztójay
MÉPMMP
36General
Géza Lakatos
(1890–1967)
29 August 194416 October 1944
(deposed)
48 daysInd.Lakatos
MÉP

Government of National Unity (1944–1945)

[edit]

Parties  NYKP

No.PortraitName
(Birth–Death)
Term of officePartyAssembly
(Election)
CabinetHead of State
(Term)
Took officeLeft officeTenure
Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Hungary
37Ferenc Szálasi
(1897–1946)
head of state
16 October 19447 May 1945[h]203 daysNYKPSzálasi


NYKPMMP

Himself

(1944–1945)
[i]

Soviet-backed provisional governments (1944–1946)

[edit]

Parties  FKGP  Independent

No.PortraitName
(Birth–Death)
Term of officePartyAssembly
(Election)
CabinetHead of State
(Term)
Took officeLeft officeTenure
Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Hungary
38General
Béla Miklós
(1890–1948)
[j]
22 December 194428 March 194596 daysInd.INGY
(1944)
Provisional Government
FKGPMKPMSZDPNPPPDP
Himself
(1944–1945)
28 March 194515 November 1945232 daysHigh National Council

(1945–1946)
39Zoltán Tildy
(1889–1961)
15 November 19451 February 194678 daysFKGP23
(1945)
Tildy
FKGPMKPMSZDPNPP

Hungarian Republic (1946–1949)

[edit]

Parties  MKP  FKGP

No.PortraitName
(Birth–Death)
Term of officePartyAssembly
(Election)
CabinetHead of State
(Term)
Took officeLeft officeTenure
Prime Minister of the Republic of Hungary
Mátyás Rákosi
(1892–1971)
acting
1 February 19464 February 19463 daysMKP23
(1945)
Tildy
FKGPMKPMSZDPNPP
Zoltán Tildy

(1946–1948)
40Ferenc Nagy
(1903–1979)
4 February 194631 May 1947[k]
(deposed)
1 year, 116 daysFKGPF. Nagy
FKGPMKPMSZDPNPP
Mátyás Rákosi
(1892–1971)
acting
31 May 1947[l]0 daysMKP
41Lajos Dinnyés
(1901–1961)
31 May 194710 December 19481 year, 193 daysFKGPDinnyés
(MKPMSZDP)→MDP[m]FKGPNPP
Árpád Szakasits

(1948–1949)
24
(1947)
42István Dobi
(1898–1968)
10 December 194820 August 1949253 daysFKGPDobi
MDPFKGPNPP

Hungarian People's Republic (1949–1989)

[edit]

Parties  MDP/MSZMP  MSZP  Independent

No.PortraitName
(Birth–Death)
Term of officePartyAssembly
(Election)
CabinetGeneral
Secretary

(Term)
Took officeLeft officeTenure
Chairman of theCouncil of Ministers of the Hungarian People's Republic
(42)István Dobi
(1898–1968)
20 August 194914 August 19522 years, 360 daysInd.25
(1949)
Dobi
MDP
Mátyás Rákosi

(1949–1956)
43Mátyás Rákosi
(1892–1971)
14 August 19524 July 1953324 daysMDPRákosi
MDP
44Imre Nagy
(1896–1958)
1st term
4 July 195318 April 19551 year, 288 daysMDP26
(1953)
I. Nagy I
MDP
45András Hegedüs
(1922–1999)
18 April 195524 October 19561 year, 189 daysMDPHegedüs
MDP
(44)Imre Nagy
(1896–1958)
2nd term
24 October 195631 October 195611 daysMDPI. Nagy II
MDPMSZMPFKGP
Ernő Gerő

(1956)
3 November 19564 November 1956
(deposed)[n]
I. Nagy III
MSZMPFKGPMSZDPPP
János Kádár

(1956–1988)
46János Kádár
(1912–1989)
1st term
4 November 1956[o]28 January 19581 year, 85 daysMSZMPKádár I
MSZMP
47Ferenc Münnich
(1886–1967)
28 January 195813 September 19613 years, 228 daysMSZMP27
(1958)
Münnich
MSZMP
(46)János Kádár
(1912–1989)
2nd term
13 September 196130 June 19653 years, 290 daysMSZMPKádár II
MSZMP
28
(1963)
48Gyula Kállai
(1910–1996)
30 June 196514 April 19671 year, 288 daysMSZMPKállai
MSZMP
49Jenő Fock
(1916–2001)
14 April 196715 May 19758 years, 31 daysMSZMP29
(1967)
Fock
MSZMP
30
(1971)
50György Lázár
(1924–2014)
15 May 197525 June 198712 years, 41 daysMSZMP31
(1975)
Lázár
MSZMP
32
(1980)
33
(1985)
51Károly Grósz
(1930–1996)
25 June 198724 November 19881 year, 152 daysMSZMPGrósz
MSZMP
52Miklós Németh
(born 1948)
24 November 198823 October 1989333 daysMSZMPNémeth
MSZMPMSZP
Károly Grósz

(1988–1989)

Hungarian Republic /Hungary (from 1989)

[edit]

Parties  MSZP  MDF  Fidesz  Independent

No.PortraitName
(Birth–Death)
Term of officePartyAssembly
(Election)
CabinetPresident
(Term)
Took officeLeft officeTenure
Prime Minister of the Republic of Hungary
Miklós Németh
(born 1948)
acting
23 October 198923 May 1990212 daysMSZPNémeth
MSZP
Mátyás Szűrös

(1989–1990)
53József Antall
(1932–1993)
23 May 199012 December 1993
(died in office)
3 years, 203 daysMDF34
(1990)
Antall
MDFFKGP[p]KDNP
Árpád Göncz

(1990–2000)
54Péter Boross
(born 1928)
12 December 199321 December 19939 daysMDF
21 December 199315 July 1994206 daysBoross
MDFEKGPKDNP
55Gyula Horn
(1932–2013)
15 July 19946 July 19983 years, 356 daysMSZP35
(1994)
Horn
MSZPSZDSZ
56Viktor Orbán
(born 1963)
1st term
premiership
6 July 199827 May 20023 years, 325 daysFidesz36
(1998)
Orbán I
FideszFKGPMDF
Ferenc Mádl

(2000–2005)
57Péter Medgyessy
(born 1942)
27 May 200229 September 20042 years, 125 daysInd.37
(2002)
Medgyessy
MSZPSZDSZ
58Ferenc Gyurcsány
(born 1961)
29 September 200414 April 20094 years, 197 daysMSZPGyurcsány I
MSZPSZDSZ
38
(2006)
Gyurcsány II
MSZPSZDSZ[q]
László Sólyom

(2005–2010)
59Gordon Bajnai
(born 1968)
14 April 200929 May 20101 year, 45 daysInd.Bajnai
MSZP[r]
(56)Viktor Orbán
(born 1963)
2nd term
premiership
29 May 201031 December 20111 year, 216 daysFidesz39
(2010)
Orbán II
FideszKDNP
Pál Schmitt

(2010–2012)
Prime Minister of Hungary
(56)Viktor Orbán
(born 1963)
2nd term
premiership
1 January 2012Incumbent14 years, 45 days
[s]
Fidesz39
(2010)
Orbán II
FideszKDNP
János Áder

(2012–2022)
40
(2014)
Orbán III
FideszKDNP
41
(2018)
Orbán IV
FideszKDNP
42
(2022)
Orbán V
FideszKDNP
Katalin Novák

(2022–2024)
Tamás Sulyok

(2024–present)

Timeline

[edit]

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^TheNational Assembly did not recognize the claim ofFranz Joseph I to theHungarian throne. The head of state wasLajos Kossuth asGovernor of Hungary.
  2. ^Served as Prime Minister forde facto 17 hours.
  3. ^The interim head of state wasArchduke Joseph August asHomo Regius between 26 October and 16 November.
  4. ^Acting between 11 January and 18 January.
  5. ^abElections were not held as a consequence of theRomanian occupation.
  6. ^Acting between 7 August and 15 August.
  7. ^Archduke Joseph August as Governor (Reichsverweser) between 6 August and 26 August.
  8. ^LeftBudapest on 9 December 1944.
  9. ^As "Leader of the Nation"
  10. ^In opposition – disputed withFerenc Szálasi to 28 March 1945. Also acting head of state until 25 January 1945
  11. ^Nagy did not recognize the appointment of Dinnyés as Prime Minister and resigned only on 2 June 1947.
  12. ^Took over direction of the Council of Ministers on 14 May 1947 upon Nagy's departure toSwitzerland. Became sole Acting Prime Minister upon Nagy's deposition.
  13. ^TheHungarian Communist Party andSocial Democratic Party of Hungary merged to form theHungarian Working People's Party on 12 June 1948.
  14. ^Nagy never formally resigned, and remained in refuge at theYugoslav Embassy until 22 November 1956.
  15. ^InUzhhorod exile, then inSzolnok to 7 November 1956.
  16. ^FKGP split into two groups on 24 February 1992.EKGP (Group of 33 then 36 MPs) continued to support the government, while FKGP (Group of 12 then 10 MPs) went into opposition.
  17. ^SZDSZ left the Gyurcsány II Cabinet on 20 April 2008.
  18. ^The Bajnai Cabinet was supported externally bySZDSZ.
  19. ^Total:3 years, 325 days – first term;15 years, 262 days – second term

References

[edit]
  1. ^Hungarian Revolution of 1848”.Hungarian Historical Review.
  2. ^Deák, István. The Lawful Revolution: Louis Kossuth and the Hungarians, 1848–1849. Columbia University Press, 1979.
  3. ^Magyar Életrajzi Lexikon – “Récsey Ádám.”
  4. ^“Dual Monarchy and the Hungarian Government Structure”. Hungarian National Archives.
  5. ^Romsics, Ignác. Hungary in the Twentieth Century. Corvina, 1999.
  6. ^“People’s Republic of Hungary (1949–1989)”. Encyclopædia Britannica.
  7. ^“Hungary’s Democratic Transition”. European Journal of Political Science, 1990.

Sources

[edit]
  • Bölöny, József – Hubai, László:Magyarország kormányai 1848–2004 [Cabinets of Hungary 1848–2004], Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, 2004 (5th edition).
  • Izsák, Alajos – Pölöskei, Ferenc – Romsics, Ignác – Urbán, Aladár:Magyar miniszterelnökök 1848–2002 [Prime ministers of Hungary 1848–2002], Kossuth Kiadó, Budapest, 2003.
  • Markó, László:A magyar állam főméltóságai Szent Istvántól napjainkig – Életrajzi Lexikon [The High Officers of the Hungarian State from Saint Stephen to the Present Days – A Biographical Encyclopedia] (2nd edition); Helikon Kiadó Kft., 2006, Budapest;ISBN 963-547-085-1.

External links

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