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List of Pomeranian duchies and dukes

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Map of the historical Duchy of Pomerania from the 17th century

This is alist of the duchies and dukes ofPomerania.

Dukes of the Slavic Pomeranian tribes (All Pomerania)

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The lands of Pomerania were firstly ruled by local tribes, who settled in Pomerania around the 10th and 11th centuries.

Non-dynastic

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RulerBornReignDeathRuling partConsortNotes
Siemomysłc.1000 or 1020After 1000–1046c.29 June 1046AllPomeraniaUnknownFirst known duke of all Pomerania. His origins are unknown.
Świętoborbefore 10461060–11061106AllPomeraniaAnnaSon of Siemomysl.
Świętopełk Ibefore 11061106–11131113Gdańsk Pomerania(future Pomerelia)Unknown

In 1106, Pomerania is divided by his two older sons:Wartislaw, who founded theHouse of Pomerania and theDuchy of Pomerania, andŚwiętopełk I. After Swietopelk's death, his lands were occupied by theSaxon princeLothar of Supplinburg. In 1155, the lands regained independence under Sobieslaw I, who founded the dynasty of theSamborides, and the Duchy of Pomerelia.

Duchy of Pomerania

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Further information:Duchy of Pomerania

The Duchy resulted from the partition ofŚwiętobor, Duke of Pomerania, in which his son Wartislaw inherited the lands that would become in fact known asPomerania.

ThePomeranianGriffin

Partitions of Pomerania

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First partition 1155–1264

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In 1155, Pomerania was divided in Pomerania-Szczecin and Pomerania-Demmin. In the struggle to shake off Polish and Danish claims to feudal overlordship, Pomerania approached theHoly Roman Empire. In 1181, while staying in the camp outside the walls ofLübeck, EmperorFrederick I Barbarossa recognisedBogislaw I as duke of S(c)lavia, as it was called in the document.[1] However, three years later in theBattle in the Bay of Greifswald (1184) the DanishCanute VI forced Pomerania to accept him asliege lord.[2] In 1190 theLand of Słupsk-Sławno separated itself from Szczecin. With the defeat of Denmark in theBattle of Bornhöved (1227) Pomerania shook off the Danish liege-lordship,[3] except for the city of Szczecin which remained under Danish suzerainty until 1235.

In 1231 EmperorFrederick II granted the immediateliege lordship over Pomerania to theMargrave of Brandenburg, who enforced this claim by theTreaties of Kremmen (1236) andof Landin (1250). Thus Pomerania had become a fief of Brandenburg, thus an only mediate (indirect) subfief of the Empire, with Brandenburg itself being an immediate imperial fief.

In 1227,Słupsk came to Eastern Pomerania (Pomerelia) within fragmented Poland,Sławno to Western Pomerania. In 1238 both became part of Pomerelia, ruled by theHouse of Sobiesław, and following the extinction of the line in 1294, both were directly reintegrated with Poland in accordance with theTreaty of Kępno. In 1317, the area became part of the Pomerania-Wolgast (Wołogoszcz), first as a pawn from Brandenburg, and definitively in 1347.

AfterWartislaw III died heirless in 1264,Barnim I became sole duke of the whole duchy. After Barnim's death, the duchy was to be ruled by his sonsBarnim II,Otto I andBogislaw IV. The first years, Bogislaw, being the eldest, ruled in place of his too young brothers.

Second partition 1295–1368

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In 1295, theDuchy of Pomerania was divided roughly by thePeene andIna rivers, with the areas north of these rivers ruled by Bogislaw IV became Pomerania-Wolgast, whereas Otto I received Pomerania-Szczecin south of these rivers.

Third partition 1368–1376

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In 1368, Pomerania-Wolgast was divided into a western part (German:Wolgast diesseits der Swine, including the name-giving residence in Wolgast) and an eastern part (German:Wolgast jenseits der Swine, in literature also calledPomerania-Stolp or Duchy of Słupsk after the residence inSłupsk (Stolp)), which came back under Polish suzerainty as afief.

Fourth partition 1376/1377–1478 and Pomeranian immediacy

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In 1376, the western part of Pomerania-Wolgast (German:Wolgast diesseits der Swine) was subdivided in a smaller western part sometimes named Pomerania-Barth (Bardo) after the residence inBarth, and an eastern part which included the residence in Wolgast. In the following year, the Duchy of Słupsk was divided into a western part which includedStargard and an eastern part which included the residence in Słupsk (Stolp).

In 1459, the eastern partitions of Pomerania-Wolgast around Stargard and Stolp ceased to exist. In 1478, after 200 years of partition, the duchy was reunited for a short period when all her parts were inherited byBogislaw X. By theTreaty of Pyritz in 1493 Pomerania shook offthe Marcher liege lordship and became againan immediateimperial estate, after new disputes finally confirmed by theTreaty of Grimnitz in 1529, both treaties provided Brandenburg succession in case the Pomeranian dukes would become extinct in the male line.

Fifth and sixth partitions 1531–1625

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In 1531, Pomerania was partitioned into Pomerania-Stettin (Szczecin) and Pomerania-Wolgast. This time however, in contrast to the earlier partitions with the same names, Pomerania-Wolgast included the western, and Pomerania-Stettin the eastern parts of the duchy. In 1569, were created the duchies of -Barth (split off from -Wolgast) and -Rügenwalde (Darłowo) (split off from -Stettin).

Definitive reunification and annexation to Sweden

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In 1625,Bogislaw XIV reunited all Pomerania under his rule. However, in 1637,Sweden hold western parts of Pomerania (Hither Pomerania), originally including Stettin, legalised by thePeace of Westphalia in 1648 (Swedish Pomerania, several times reduced in favour of Brandenburgian Pomerania). Between 1637 and 1657Lauenburg-Bütow Land (Lębork and Bytów) were reintegrated directly to Poland as a reverted fief, thereafter passed to Brandenburg under Polish overlordship until thePartitions of Poland. In 1648, Brandenburg prevailed in the Peace of Westphalia with its claim only for eastern parts of Pomerania (Farther Pomerania), with the Brandenburg electors officially holding simultaneously the title of dukes of Pomerania until 1806 (end of the Empire and its enfeoffments), but de facto integrating their Pomerania intoBrandenburg-Prussia, making it one of theprovinces of Prussia in 1815, then including former Swedish Pomerania.

Dukes of Pomerania: theHouse of Griffins

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Partitions of Pomerania under Griffins rule

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Duchy of Pomerania
(1st creation)
(1121–1156)
Duchy of
Demmin

(1156–1264)[4]
Duchy of Stettin[5]
(1st creation)
(1156–1264)
Duchy of
Schlawe-Stolp
[6]
(1156–1238)
      
Duchy of Pomerania
(2nd creation)
(1264–1295)
      Duchy of Stettin
(2nd creation)
(1295–1464)
Duchy of
Rugen

(1368–1478)[7]
Duchy of
Wolgast

(1st creation)
(1295–1478)
Duchy of
Stolp
[8]
(1368–1459)
      
      
Duchy of Pomerania
(3rd creation)
(1478–1531)
Duchy of Wolgast
(2nd creation)
(1531–1625)
Duchy of Stettin[9]
(3rd creation)
(1531–1625)
Duchy of Pomerania
(4th creation)
(1625–1637)

Table of rulers

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(Note: Here the numbering of the dukes is the same for all duchies, as all were titled Dukes of Pomerania, despite the different parts of land or particular numbering of the rulers. The dukes are numbered by the year of their succession.)

RulerBornReignRuling partConsortDeathNotes
Warcislaus Ic.1091
First son ofŚwiętobor, Duke of Pomerania (?)
1121 – 9 August 1135Duchy of Pomerania24pagan wives

Heila of Saxony
before 1128
one child

Ida of Denmark
1129
three children
1135
Stolpe an der Peene
aged 43–44
Possible children ofŚwiętobor, Duke of Pomerania, divided their inheritance. Warcislaus was the first duke of Pomerania and founder of the family as a vassal of Poland. A pagan, he converted toChristianity in the beginning of the 12th century. Then, along with his son Bolesław, backedOtto of Bamberg in his successfulConversion of Pomerania.

As for Racibor, he was the ancestor of theRatiboriden branch of theHouse of Pomerania that ruledSłupsk-Sławno.

Racibor Ic.1095
Second son ofŚwiętobor, Duke of Pomerania (?)
1121 – 1156Duchy of Schlawe-StolpPribislava Yaroslavna of Volhynia [ru]
1136
four children
1156
aged 60–61
Regency ofRacibor I, Duke of Schlawe-Stolp (1135-1156)Children of Warcislaus, divided their inheritance, but given their minority, ceded rule to their uncle. In 1184 after the death of his nephew Warcislaus II, Boguslaus I reunited Stettin and Demmin.
Boguslaus I1127
First son ofWarcislaus I andIda of Denmark
9 August 1135 – 18 March 1187Duchy of StettinWalburga of Denmark
three children

Anastasia of Greater Poland
26 April 1177
two children
18 March 1187
Sosnitza
aged 59–60
Casimir Ic.1130
Second son ofWarcislaus I andIda of Denmark
9 August 1135 – 1180Duchy of DemminPritolawa
no children
1180
aged 49–50
Swietopelkc.1140
Son ofRacibor I andPribislava Yaroslavna of Volhynia [ru]
1156–c.1190Duchy of Schlawe-StolpUnmarriedc.1190
aged 49–50
Left no descendants. His land passed to a cousin.
Warcislaus IIc.1160
Third son ofBoguslaus I andWalburga of Denmark
1180–1184Duchy of DemminSophia of Poland
no children
c.1184
aged 23–24
After his death Demmin returned briefly to Pomerania.
Regency ofAnastasia of Greater Poland (1187-1208)Children of Bogislaw I, they split once more the duchy between them.
Boguslaus II1177
First son ofBoguslaus I andAnastasia of Greater Poland
18 March 1187 – 23 January 1220Duchy of StettinMiroslava of Pomerelia
1210
three children
23 January 1220
aged 42–43
Dobroslawa [de]c.1175?
Daughter ofBoguslaus I andAnastasia of Greater Poland
18 March 1187 – 1230Duchy of Stettin
(atSchlawe andGützkow)
Wartislaw, castellan of Stettin
c.1200
one child
c.1230
aged 44–45
Casimir IIc.1180
First son ofBoguslaus I andAnastasia of Greater Poland
18 March 1187 – 1219Duchy of DemminIngard of Denmark
1210
two children
1219
aged 38–39
Boguslaus III [fr]c.1170?
Son ofBoguslaus of Schlawe-Stolp [de]
c.1190–1223Duchy of Schlawe-StolpA daughter ofMieszko III of Poland
before 1223
two children
1223
aged 52–53
Nephew of Swietopelk.
Regency ofIngard of Denmark (1219-1226)After his death in 1264, Barnim became the sole duke.
Warcislaus IIIc.1210
Son ofCasimir II andIngard of Denmark
1219 – 17 May 1264Duchy of DemminSophia
1236
three children
17 May 1264
aged 53–54
Racibor IIc.1190?
Son ofBoguslaus III [fr][10]
1223–1238Duchy of Schlawe-StolpUnmarried1238
aged 47–48?
After his death without descendants, the land returned to Pomerania.
Stolp annexed to Pomerania
Regency ofMiroslava of Pomerelia (1220-1226)Since 1227 the dukes were again vassals of the Holy Roman Empire. In 1264 Barnim reunited all Pomerania.
Barnim Ithe Goodc.1217
Son ofBoguslaus II andMiroslava of Pomerelia
23 January 1220 – 17 May 1264Duchy of StettinAnna Maria of Saxony
c.1240
three children

Margaret of Brunswick-Lüneburg
1252/3
one child

Matilda of Brandenburg
c.1265
six children
13 December 1278
Dąbie
aged 60–61
17 May 1264 – 13 December 1278Duchy of Pomerania
Boguslaus IVc.1255
Son ofBarnim I and Margaret of Brunswick-Lüneburg
13 December 1278 – 24 February 1309Duchy of Wolgast
(in Pomerania until 1295)
Matilda of Brandenburg-Stendal
between 1275 and 1278
no children

Margaret of Rügen
13 August 1284
six children
24 February 1309
aged 53–54
Ruled jointly. Bogislaw was the eldest son of Barnim I, and ruled with his stepmother, who was regent of her own sons. From 1294 Bogislaw ruled directly with his half-brothers Barnim and Otto, who reached majority in that year. Following the death of Barnim without descendants in 1295, Bogislaw and Otto divided Pomerania between them: Bogislaw retained Wolgast and Otto received Stettin.
Regency ofMatilda of Brandenburg, co-ruling withBogislaw IV (1278-1294)
Barnim IIc.1277
First son ofBarnim I andMatilda of Brandenburg
13 December 1278 – 28 May 1295Duchy of PomeraniaUnmarried28 May 1295
aged 17–18
Otto I1279
Second son ofBarnim I andMatilda of Brandenburg
13 December 1278 – 31 December 1344Duchy of Stettin
(in Pomerania until 1295)
Elisabeth of Holstein
April 1296
two children
31 December 1344
aged 64–65
Warcislaus IVc.1270
Son ofBoguslaus IV andMatilda of Brandenburg-Stendal
24 February 1309 – 1 August 1326Duchy of WolgastElisabeth of Lindow-Ruppin
11 April 1316 or 1317
three children
1 August 1326
aged 55–56
In 1325 annexed thePrincipality of Rügen.
Matilda [pl]c.1300
Daughter ofOtto I andElisabeth of Holstein
1317 – 12 July 1331Duchy of Stettin
(atStavenhagen)
John III, Lord of Werle
20 January 1317
three children
12 July 1331
aged 30–31
Daughter of Otto I, received from her father the town of Stavenhagen, which passed, through her marriage, to Werle.
Stavenhagen annexed to Werle
Regency ofElisabeth of Lindow-Ruppin (1326-1330)Sons of Bogislaw IV, ruled jointly. In 1368, Boguslaus, the last surviving brother, divided the land with his brother Barnim's heirs: They kept Wolgast, and Boguslaus created Stolp for himself.
Boguslaus Vthe Greatc.1318
Slupsk
First son ofWarcislaus IV andElisabeth of Lindow-Ruppin
1 August 1326 – 23 April 1374Duchy of Stolp
(at Wolgast until 1368)
Elisabeth of Poland
24 or 25 February 1343
three children

Adelaide of Brunswick-Grubenhagen
1362 or 1363
four children
23 April 1374
Belbuck
aged 55–56
Barnim IVthe Good[11]1325
Second son ofWarcislaus IV andElisabeth of Lindow-Ruppin
1 August 1326 – 22 August 1365Duchy of Wolgast
(atRügen andWolgast itself)
Sophia of Mecklenburg-Werle
1343
three children
22 August 1365
aged 39–40
Warcislaus Vthe Father of the Peoplec.1 November 1326
Third son ofWarcislaus IV andElisabeth of Lindow-Ruppin
1 August 1326 – 1390Duchy of Wolgast
(atSzczecinek)
Anna of Mecklenburg-Stargard
before 1390
no children
1390
aged 63–64
Szczecinek rejoined Wolgast
Barnim IIIthe Great[11]c.1300
Son ofOtto I andElisabeth of Holstein
31 December 1344 – 14 August 1368Duchy of StettinAgnes of Brunswick-Grubenhagen
1330
five children
14 August 1368
aged 67–68
Co-ruling since 1320.
Casimir III1348
First son ofBarnim III andAgnes of Brunswick-Grubenhagen
14 August 1368 – 24 August 1372Duchy of StettinUnmarried24 August 1372
Chojna
aged 23–24
Warcislaus VIthe One-Eyed1345
First son ofBarnim IV andSophia of Mecklenburg-Werle
22 August 1365 – 13 June 1394Duchy of RügenAnne of Mecklenburg-Stargard
1 October 1363
four children
13 June 1394
Klępino Białogardzkie
aged 48–49
Sons of Barnim IV, ruled jointly. In 1377, they divided the land: Bogislaw kept Wolgast and Warcislaus retained Rügen. However, as Bogislaw died without heirs, Warcislaus reunited Rügen with Wolgast.
7 March 1393 – 13 June 1394Duchy of Wolgast
Boguslaus VI1354
Second son ofBarnim IV andSophia of Mecklenburg-Werle
22 August 1365 – 7 March 1393Duchy of WolgastJudith of Saxe-Lauenburg
between 1369 and 1377
no children

Agnes of Brunswick-Lüneburg
14 or 19 September 1389
Celle
two children
7 March 1393
aged 38–39
Swantibor I1351
Second son ofBarnim III andAgnes of Brunswick-Grubenhagen
24 August 1372 – 21 June 1413Duchy of StettinAnne of Nuremberg
17 September 1363
four children
21 June 1413
aged 61–62
Brothers of Casimir III, ruled jointly.
Boguslaus VIIthe Elderc.1355
Third son ofBarnim III andAgnes of Brunswick-Grubenhagen
24 August 1372 – 1404Unknown
before 1404
no children
1404
aged 48–49
Casimir IV1351
First son ofBoguslaus V andElisabeth of Poland
23 April 1374 – 2 January 1377Duchy of StolpKenna of Lithuania
1360
no children

Margaret of Masovia
1368 or 1369
no children
2 January 1377
aged 25–26
After his death his sons divided the land.
Margaret of Masoviac.1355
Daughter ofSiemowit III, Duke of Masovia and Euphemia of Opava
2 January 1377 – 1379Duchy of Stolp
(atBydgoszcz,Dobryzn,Gniewkowo,Inowroclaw andWyszogrod)
Casimir IV
1368 or 1369
no children

Henry VII, Duke of Brzeg
1379
two children
1409
aged 53–54
Widow and brothers of Casimir IV. Margaret received some towns from her husband as seats, which she may have been dispossessed after marrying again in 1379; as for the rest of the inheritance: Warcislaus received Stolp, and Boguslaus and Barnim received Stargard together. The death of Warcislaus made possible, for Boguslaus and Barnim, the reunion of the inheritance of their father. However, there was an heir to Stolp: Boguslaus, who would be brought up in Denmark and changed name toEric.
Warcislaus VII1363
Second son ofBoguslaus V andElisabeth of Poland
2 January 1377 – 1395Duchy of StolpMaria of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
23 March 1380
one child
1395
aged 31–32
Boguslaus VIII Magnusc.1364
First son ofBoguslaus V andAdelaide of Brunswick-Grubenhagen
2 January 1377 – 11 February 1418Duchy of Stolp
(atStargard until 1395)
Sophia of Holstein [sv]
c.1398
two children
11 February 1418
aged 53–54
Barnim V1369
Second son ofBoguslaus V andAdelaide of Brunswick-Grubenhagen
2 January 1377 – 1403Hedwig of Lithuania
27 September 1396
one child
1403
aged 33–34
Bydgoszcz,Dobryzn,Gniewkowo,Inowroclaw andWyszogrod were annexed to theDuchy of Opole
Barnim VIc.1365
First son ofWarcislaus VI andAnne of Mecklenburg-Stargard
13 June 1394 – 22 September 1405Duchy of WolgastVeronica of Nuremberg
circa or before 1395
three children
22 September 1405
Pütnitz
aged 39–40
Children of Warcislaus VI, divided their inheritance.
Warcislaus VIII1373
Second son ofWarcislaus VI andAnne of Mecklenburg-Stargard
13 June 1394 – 23 August 1415Duchy of RügenAgnes of Saxe-Lauenburg
circa or before 1398
four children
23 August 1415
aged 41–42
Regency ofWarcislaus VIII, Duke of Pomerania-Rügen (1405-1415)Sons of Barnim VI, divided their inheritance, but after Barnim VII's death without descendants, Warcislaus IX reunited it.
Barnim VIIthe Elder1390
First son ofBarnim VI andVeronica of Nuremberg
22 September 1405 – 22 September 1450Duchy of Wolgast
(atDemmin)
Unmarried22 September 1450
Gützkow orWolgast
aged 59–60
Warcislaus IXc.1400
Second son ofBarnim VI andVeronica of Nuremberg
22 September 1405 – 17 April 1457Duchy of WolgastSophia of Saxe-Lauenburg [pt]
1420
four children
17 April 1457
Wolgast
aged 56–57
Demmin rejoined Wolgast
Otto IIc.1380
First son ofSwantibor I andAnne of Nuremberg
21 June 1413 – 27 March 1428Duchy of StettinAgnes of Mecklenburg-Stargard
c.1411
no children
27 March 1428
aged 47–48
Sons of Swantibor I, ruled jointly. Casimir participated in the famousBattle of Grunwald (1410).
Casimir Vc.1380
Second son ofSwantibor I andAnne of Nuremberg
21 June 1413 – 13 April 1435Catherine of Brunswick-Lüneburg
circa or before 1420
three children

Elisabeth of Brunswick-Grubenhagen
circa or before 1439
one child
13 April 1435
aged 54–55?
Regency ofAgnes of Saxe-Lauenburg (1415-1425)Children of Warcislaus VIII. Swantibor and Barnim ruled jointly. As they had no descendants, their possessions returned to the sons of Barnim VI. Sophie was given separate lands, inherited later by Werle.
Barnim VIIIthe Youngerc.1405
First son ofWarcislaus VIII andAgnes of Saxe-Lauenburg
23 August 1415 – 19 December 1451Duchy of RügenAnna of Wunstorf
c.1435
one child
19 December 1451
aged 45–46
Swantibor IIthe Calm [de]c.1408
Second son ofWarcislaus VIII andAgnes of Saxe-Lauenburg
23 August 1415 – 1435Unmarriedc.1435
aged 26–27
Sophia [pl]c.1405?
Daughter ofWarcislaus VIII andAgnes of Saxe-Lauenburg
23 August 1415 – 1453Duchy of Rügen
(atBarth,Zingst andDamgarten)
William, Lord of Werle
after 1426
one child
1453
aged 47–48?
Rügen briefly joined Wolgast; Barth, Zingst and Damgarten annexed to Werle
Regency ofSophia of Holstein [sv] (1418-1425)
Boguslaus IX1407
Son ofBoguslaus VIII andSophia of Holstein [sv]
11 February 1418 – 7 December 1446Duchy of StolpMaria of Masovia
24 June 1432
Poznań
two children
7 December 1446
aged 38–39
Regency ofFrederick II, Elector of Brandenburg (1435-1440)Son of Casimir V.
Joachimthe Younger1424
Son ofCasimir V andCatherine of Brunswick-Lüneburg
13 April 1435 – 4 October 1451Duchy of StettinElisabeth of Brandenburg
29 September 1440
one child
4 October 1451
Regency ofMaria of Masovia (1446-1449)Son of Warcislaus VII and original heir of Stolp in 1394, was under regency of his cousin's widow, Maria. His absence was probably the cause of his being bypassed in the Pomeranian succession. Also King of the Union of Kalmar between Denmark, Sweden and Norway.
Eric I1381
Darłowo
Son ofWarcislaus VII andMaria of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
1449[12] – 3 May 1459Duchy of StolpPhilippa of England
26 October 1406
Lund
one child
3 May 1459
Darłowo
aged 77–78
Regency ofFrederick II, Elector of Brandenburg (1451-1458)After his death without descendants, Stettin was annexed to Wolgast.
Otto III29 May 1444
Son ofJoachim andElisabeth of Brandenburg
4 October 1451 – 7 September 1464Duchy of StettinUnmarried7 September 1464
aged 20
Stettin annexed to Wolgast
Sophie1435
Daughter ofBoguslaus IX andMaria of Masovia
3 May 1459[12] – 1474Duchy of Stolp1451
twelve children
24 August 1497
Slupsk
aged 61–62
Heir of Eric I. Despite her husband had inherited the duchy itself, the fact that she only renounced her rights to Pomerania in 1474 is possibly a sign of a co-rulership between the spouses.
Eric II1427
First son ofWarcislaus IX andSophia of Saxe-Lauenburg [pt]
17 April 1457 – 5 July 1474Duchy of Wolgast5 July 1474
Wolgast
aged 46–47
Children of Warcislaus IX, divided their inheritance. In 1464 Eric absorbed Stettin, but it was only with Warcislaus' death that Pomerania was reunited, already under Eric's son, Boguslaus.
Warcislaus X1435
Second son ofWarcislaus IX andSophia of Saxe-Lauenburg [pt]
17 April 1457 – 17 December 1478Duchy of RügenElisabeth of Brandenburg
5 March 1454
two children

Magdalena of Mecklenburg-Stargard [bg]
1472
no children
17 December 1478
Franzburg
aged 42–43
Rügen annexed to Wolgast
Boguslaus Xthe Great3 June 1454
Darłowo
Son ofEric II, Duke of Pomerania-Wolgast andSophie, Duchess of Pomerania-Stolp
5 July 1474 – 17 December 1478Duchy of WolgastMargaret of Brandenburg
20 September 1477
Prenzlau
no children

Anna Jagiellon of Poland
2 February 1491
Szczecin
eight children
5 October 1523
Szczecin
aged 69
Reunited Pomerania in 1478.
17 December 1478 – 5 October 1523Duchy of Pomerania
George I11 April 1493
First son ofBoguslaus X andAnna of Poland
5 October 1523 – 10 May 1531Duchy of PomeraniaAmalie of the Palatinate
22 May 1513
Szczecin
three children

Margaret of Brandenburg
23 January 1530
Berlin
one child
10 May 1531
Szczecin
aged 38
Sons of Bogislaw X, ruled jointly. After George's death, Barnim divided Pomerania with his nephew Philip. After his abdication in 1569, his possessions went to Pomerania-Wolgast.
Barnim IXthe Pious2 December 1501
Second son ofBoguslaus X andAnna of Poland
5 October 1523 – 1569Duchy of Stettin
(in co-rulership in Pomerania until 1531)
Anna of Brunswick-Lüneburg
2 February 1525
Szczecin
seven children
2 November 1573
Szczecin
aged 71
Margaret of Brandenburg1511
Daughter ofJoachim I Nestor, Elector of Brandenburg andElizabeth of Denmark
10 May 1531 – 15 February 1534Duchy of Pomerania
(atBarth,Damgarten,Tribsees,Grimsby andKlempenow)[13]
George I
23 January 1530
Berlin
one child

John V, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst
15 February 1534
Dessau
six children
November 1577
aged 65–66
Heirs of George I. Margaret received her jointure in some towns in Pomerania, which were returned to the main duchy after her second marriage; Philip divided the main duchy with his uncle, Barnim IX.
Philip Ithe Pious14 July 1515
Szczecin
Son ofGeorge I andAmalie of the Palatinate
10 May 1531 – 14 February 1560Duchy of WolgastMaria of Saxony
27 February 1536
Torgau
ten children
14 February 1560
Wolgast
aged 44
Barth,Damgarten,Tribsees,Grimsby andKlempenow joined Wolgast
Ernest Louisthe Fair20 November 1545
Second son ofPhilip I andMaria of Saxony
14 February 1560 – 17 June 1592Duchy of WolgastSophie Hedwig of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
20 October 1577
Wolgast
three children
17 June 1592
Sons of Philip I, ruled jointly. Divided the land in 1569: Ernest Louis kept Wolgast, John Frederick received Stettin, Bogislaw received Barth and Neuenkamp (later Franzburg), and Barnim received Darłowo. In 1592 Bogislaw became tutor of his nephewPhilip Julius. In 1600 after the death of John Frederick without children, the land was inherited by Barnim, who reunited it with Darłowo. At the latter's death in 1603 also with no descendants, Boguslaus received Stettin and united it with Barth. but he gave Rügenwalde to one of his sons, and gave Barth and Neuenkamp toPhilip Julius.
John Frederickthe Strong27 August 1542
Wolgast
First son ofPhilip I andMaria of Saxony
1569 – 9 February 1600Duchy of Stettin
(in co-rulership inWolgast 1560-69)
Erdmuthe of Brandenburg
17 February 1577
Szczecin
no children
9 February 1600
Wolgast
aged 57
Barnim Xthe Younger15 February 1549
Wolgast
Fourth son ofPhilip I andMaria of Saxony
1569 – 1 September 1603Duchy of Stettin
(in co-rulership inWolgast 1560-69; inDarłowo until 1600)
Anna Maria of Brandenburg
8 January 1581
Berlin
no children
1 September 1603
Szczecin
aged 54
Boguslaus XIII [XI][14]9 August 1544
Wolgast
Third son ofPhilip I andMaria of Saxony
1569 – 7 March 1606Duchy of Stettin
(in co-rulership inWolgast 1560-69; inBarth until 1603)
Clara of Brunswick-Lüneburg [nl]
8 September 1572
eleven children

Anna of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg [da]
31 May 1601
no children
7 March 1606
Szczecin
aged 61
Regency ofBoguslaus XIII [XI], Duke of Pomerania (1592-1598)Reunited Barth with Wolgast in 1603. Left no descendants. His part joined Stettin.
Philip Julius27 December 1584
Son ofErnest Louis andSophie Hedwig of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
17 June 1592 – 6 February 1625Duchy of WolgastAgnes of Brandenburg
25 June 1604
Berlin
no children
6 February 1625
aged 40
Wolgast annexed to Stettin
George II30 January 1582
Fourth son ofBoguslaus XIII [XI] andClara of Brunswick-Lüneburg [nl]
7 March 1606 – 27 March 1617Duchy of Stettin
(atDarłowo only)
Unmarried27 March 1617
aged 35
Children of Bogislaw XIII (XI), divided their inheritance. As happened in the previous generation, each brother received a part of Stettin, and the parts were progressively reunited with each childless brother's death. In 1625 Boguslaus reunited all Pomerania, but as neither he nor his brothers had descendants, Pomerania was annexed by theKingdom of Sweden by lack of heirs.[15]
Philip IIthe Pious29 July 1573
Franzburg
First son ofBoguslaus XIII [XI] andClara of Brunswick-Lüneburg [nl]
7 March 1606 – 3 February 1618Duchy of StettinSophia of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg [da]
10 March 1607
Treptow an der Rega
no children
3 February 1618
Szczecin
aged 44
Francis24 March 1577
Barth
Second son ofBoguslaus XIII [XI] andClara of Brunswick-Lüneburg [nl]
7 March 1606 – 27 November 1620Duchy of Stettin
(atBarth until 1618)
Sophie of Saxony
26 August 1610
Dresden
no children
27 November 1620
Szczecin
aged 43
Boguslaus XIV [XII]the Sociable[16]31 March 1580
Barth
Third son ofBoguslaus XIII [XI] andClara of Brunswick-Lüneburg [nl]
7 March 1606 – 6 February 1625Duchy of Stettin
(atDarłowo until 1620)
Elisabeth of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg
1615
no children
10 March 1637
Szczecin
aged 56
6 February 1625 – 10 March 1637Duchy of Pomerania

Principality of Rugia

[edit]
Further information:Principality of Rugia

The Principality was initially a Danish feud, under local rulers, which formed a dynasty.

House of Wizlaw

[edit]
RulerBornReignRuling partConsortDeathNotes
Ratislausc.1105
?
c.1130-1141Principality of RügenUnknown
three children
1141
aged 35–36
First known ruler of Rügen.
Tetzlavc.1130
First son ofRatislaus
1141-c.1175Principality of RügenUnknown
at least one child
c.1175
aged 44–45?
Children of Raclaw, ruled jointly.
Jaromar Ic.1140
Second son ofRatislaus
1141-1218Hildegard of Denmark
(1157-?)
c.1180
five children
1218
aged 77–78?
Barnutac.1180
First son ofJaromar I andHildegard of Denmark
1218-1221Principality of RügenSlavonica
at least one child
c.1235
aged 54–55
Abdicated to his brother in 1221.
Vislav Ic.1180
Second son ofJaromar I andHildegard of Denmark
1221 – 7 June 1250Principality of RügenMargaret Sverkersdotter of Sweden [sv]
(before 1200-5 March 1232)
c.1215
six children
7 June 1250
aged 69–70
Jaromar IIc.1218
Son ofVislav I andMargaret Sverkersdotter of Sweden [sv]
7 June 1250 – 20 August 1260Principality of RügenEuphemia of Pomerelia
(c.1225–1270)
c.1240
three children
20 August 1260
aged 41–42
Vislav II1240
First son ofJaromar II andEuphemia of Pomerelia
20 August 1260 – 29 December 1302Principality of RügenAgnes of Brunswick-Lüneburg
c.1265
eight children
29 December 1302
aged 61–62
Children of Jaromar II, ruled jointly.
Jaromar III1249
Second son ofJaromar II andEuphemia of Pomerelia
20 August 1260 – 1282Unmarried1282
aged 42–43
Vislav III1265
First son ofVislav II andAgnes of Brunswick-Lüneburg
29 December 1302 – 8 November 1325Principality of RügenMargaret
c.1305
no children

Agnes of Lindow-Ruppin [it]
1310
three children
8 November 1325
aged 36–37
Children of Vislav II, ruled jointly. After their childless deaths, the principality was annexed to Pomerania-Wolgast.
Sambor1267
Second son ofVislav II andAgnes of Brunswick-Lüneburg
29 December 1302 – 4 June 1304Unmarried4 June 1304
aged 36–37

Duchy of Pomerelia

[edit]

In 1155, the lands which belonged toŚwiętopełk I were organized bySobieslaw I into theDuchy of Eastern Pomerania, also known as the Pomerelia, a provincial duchy of fragmented Poland. Sobiesław founded theHouse of Sobiesław.

The dukes ofPomerelia were using the Latin titledux Pomeraniae ("Duke of Pomerania") ordux Pomeranorum ("Duke of the Pomeranians").

ThePomerelianGriffin

Partitions of the Duchy of Pomerelia

[edit]

In 1215, the duchy was divided in other smaller duchies: Gdańsk, Białogarda, Lubiszewo and Świecie.

  Gdańsk  Białogarda  Lubiszewo  Świecie

1155-1190
Duchy of Pomerelia-Gdańsk
Became independent in 1215.
Duchy of Pomerelia-Białogarda
Became independent in 1215.
Duchy of Pomerelia-Lubiszewo
Became independent in 1215.
Duchy of Pomerelia-Świecie
Became independent in 1215.

In 1271 the duchy is reunited and in 1294 reincorporated directly into Poland per theTreaty of Kępno.

Dukes of Pomerelia

[edit]

Non-dynastic

[edit]
RulerBornReignDeathRuling partConsortNotes
Świętopełk Ibefore 11061106–11131113Pomerania-Gdańsk(future Pomerelia)UnknownHe wasn't duke of Pomerelia, but ruled in the lands that became Pomerelia 40 years later.

House of Sambor (1155–1296)

[edit]
RulerBornReignDeathRuling partConsortNotes
Sobieslaw Ic.11301155-11781178PomereliaUnknown
before 1150
two children
Sambor Ic.11501178-12057 February or 30 December 1205PomereliaUnknown
before 1205
two children
Mestwin I the Peacefulc.11601205-12201/2 July 1220PomereliaSwinisława of Poland
c.1190
eight children
Brother of Sambor.
Świętopełk II the Greatc.11901220-126611 January 1266Pomerelia-GdańskSalomea of Halych
before 1220
one child

Euphrosyne of Greater Poland
c.1220
two children

Hermengard of Schwerin
c.1230
two children
Son of Mestwin I. Ruler in Gdańsk, used the titleDux (Duke) from 1227.
Wartislaw Ic.11951220–123311 January 1233Pomerelia-Białogarda-Lubiszewo-ŚwiecieunmarriedSon of Mestwin I. Ruler in Świecie, used the titleDux (Duke) from 1227. After his death his domains were divided between the younger brothers.
Racibor Ic.12121233–12626 June 1272Pomerelia-BiałogardaunmarriedSon of Mestwin I. Joined theTeutonic Order in 1262, and -Białogarda was annexed by -Gdańsk.
Sambor IIc.12121233–127030 December 1277Pomerelia-LubiszewoMatilda of Mecklenburg
six children
Son of Mestwin I. He initially resided at aburgh located in the later village ofLubiszewo. After the town ofTczew was founded nearby in the course of the GermanOstsiedlung, the dukes shifted their residence to the town.
Mestwin II12201233–127029 December 1294Pomerelia-ŚwiecieJudith of Wettin
before 1275
two children

Euphrosyne of Opole
1275 (div.1288)
no children

Sulisława
after 1288
no children
Son of Swiatopelk I. In 1270, he reunited the duchy.
Wartislaw II12371266–12709 May 1271Pomerelia-GdańskunmarriedSon of Swietopelk II. After his death without descendants, Gdańsk was absorbed by the reunited Duchy of Pomerelia.
Mestwin II12201270–129429 December 1294PomereliaJudith of Wettin
before 1275
two children

Euphrosyne of Opole
1275 (div.1288)
no children

Sulisława
after 1288
no children
Reunites the duchy in 1270. In 1282, he transfers suzerainty back to Poland, and in 1294 Pomerelia was reincorporated directly into Poland.

Later history of Pomerelia

[edit]

See also

[edit]

Further reading

[edit]
This article includes a list ofgeneral references, butit lacks sufficient correspondinginline citations. Please help toimprove this article byintroducing more precise citations.(December 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this message)
  • Gerard Labuda (ed.), "Historia Pomorza", vol. 1–4, Poznan-Torun 1969–2003
  • Edmund Kopicki, "Tabele dynastyczne", "Wykazy panujacych", in: "Katalog podstawowych monet i banknotow Polski oraz ziem z historycznie z Polska zwiazanych", vol. IX, part I
  • Zugmunt Boras, "Ksiazeta Pomorza Zachdniego", Poznań 1969, 1978, 1996
  • Casimir Kozlowski, George Podralski, "Poczet Ksiazat Pomorza Zachdniego", KAW, Szczecin 1985
  • L. Badkowski, W.Samp. "Poczet ksiazat Pomorza Gdanskiego", Gdańsk 1974
  • B. Sliwinski, "Poczet ksiazaat gdanskich", Gdańsk 1997
  • Wojciech Myslenicki, "Pomorscy sprzymierzenscy Jagiellonczylow", Wyd. Poznanskie, Poznań 1979
  • J. Spors, "Podzially administracyjne Pomorza Gdanskiego i Slawiensko-Slupksiego od XII do poczatkow XIV w", Słupsk 1983
  • K. Slaski, "Podzially terytorialne Pomorza w XII–XII w.", Poznań 1960
  • Edward Rymar, Krewni i powinowaci ksiazat pomorskich w zrodłach sredniowiecznych (XII–początek XVI w.), Materially Zachodniopomorskie, vol. XXXI

References

[edit]
  1. ^Julius Ficker,Vom Reichsfuerstenstande: Forschungen zur Geschichte des Reichsverfassung zunächst im XII. und XIII. Jahrhunderte: 2 vols. in 4 pts., Innsbruck: Verlag der Wagner'schen Buchhandlung, 1861, vol. 1, p. 70.
  2. ^Hartmut Boockmann, „Barbarossa in Lübeck“, in:Zeitschrift des Vereins für Lübeckische Geschichte und Altertumskunde, vol. 61 (1981), pp. 7-18, here p. 18.
  3. ^Erich Hoffmann, „Die Bedeutung der Schlacht von Bornhöved für die deutsche und skandinavische Geschichte“, in:Zeitschrift des Vereins für Lübeckische Geschichte und Altertumskunde, vol. 57 (1977), pp. 9-37, here p. 15.
  4. ^Between 1184 and 1208 Demmin was reunited with Stettin.
  5. ^Also calledSzczecin.
  6. ^Also calledSławno-Słupsk
  7. ^Rugen reannexed to Wolgast in 1393-94 and 1451-57.
  8. ^Also calledSłupsk; Between 1377 and 1395 Stargard emerged as a short-lived state.
  9. ^Barth and Rugenwalde split off and reunited with Stettin several times between 1569 and 1620.
  10. ^Other historians suggest that he could be also son ofBogislaw II orMestwin I of Pomerelia.
  11. ^abBarnim IV seemed to have ascended first (1326) then Barnim III, who assumed his rule in 1344. However, as stated, Barnim III was co-ruling with his father since 1320, which motivated his numbering being lower.
  12. ^abEric arrived in Pomerania only in 1449. This opens the question of who wasMaria of Masovia being regent for in the period 1446-49. A possibility is that Sophie, the then minor daughter of Boguslaus IX, was reigning under regency of her mother, and stepped down for Eric I, returning after the latter's death.
  13. ^Dirk Schleinert:Die 2. Hochzeit Herzog Georgs I. von Pommern mit Margarete von Brandenburg im Januar 1530 in Berlin. Kommentierte Edition einer zeitgenössischen Beschreibung, in:Baltische Studien, NF 94, 2008, pp. 55–70
  14. ^Numbered XIII, because of infants Boguslaus XI (son of George I, born and died in 1514) and Boguslaus XII (son of Barnim IX, born and died in 1542) who never ruled. This skipping also compromised the numbering of Boguslaus XIV. Boguslaus XIII was the eleventh ruler of this name.
  15. ^It's possible that the UkrainianHubytsky family could descend from the Pomeranian ducal family thoughBoguslaus II.
  16. ^Boguslaus XIV was the twelfth ruler of this name.

External links

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