This is a list of the top officials in charge of the finances of theOttoman Empire, calledDefterdar (Turkish forbookkeepers; from thePersianدفتردارdaftardâr,دفترdaftar +دارdâr) between the 14th and 19th centuries andMaliye Naziri (Minister of Finance) between 19th and 20th centuries. They were originally in charge of thedefters (tax registers) in the Ottoman Empire, hence the namedefterdar.
Depiction of adefterdar, anonymous Greek artist, ca. 1809Louis-Nicolas de Lespinasse: Defterdar's office
The exact date of the formal establishment of the office is unknown.[1] According to some sources, the firstdefterdar was theKadı (judge) of Mihaliç, Çelebi bin Mehmed, appointed in 1359 or 1360, during the reign ofMurad I.[1] During the reign ofBayezid I (1389–1402), the poet Zahiri is mentioned as thedefterdar.[1]
In the classical period, the finances of the Empire were organized under a singleDefterdar, literally the main bookkeeper, in charge of a single imperial treasury (Hazine-i Amire). Starting in 1793, smaller treasuries independent of the imperial treasury were organized, each with a separatedefterdar in charge. In 1837, a modern ministry was founded under the name ofMaliye Nezareti, merging most of the independent treasuries back to the Imperial Treasury. In 1840, the merging of the remaining independent treasuries was completed.[2]
Ministers of Finance in the classical period were calledDefterdar, were members of theDivan-ı Hümayun and held rank higher thanagha (military commander of the central organization, situated in Istanbul) andbey (provincial governor), and lower thanvizier andkazasker (chief judge).[3] Starting from 1837, Ministers of Finance were calledMaliye Nazırı, held the rank ofvizier, and were titledPasha.[2]
He embezzled funds and therefore received an official termination. He would have otherwise received capital punishment, but he paid a fine to avoid it.Evangelia Balta and Ayșe Kavak, authors of "Publisher of the newspaper Konstantinoupolis for half a century," wrote that the fine was "large" and that the newspaperServet had a "militant stance" on the behavior.[7]
^Son Dönem Osmanlı Erkan ve Ricali (1839 - 1922) Prosopografik Rehber, Sinan Kuneralp, ISIS Press, İstanbul,ISBN978-975-428-118-7, 1999
^Balta, Evangelia; Ayșe Kavak (2018-02-28). "Publisher of the newspaper Konstantinoupolis for half a century. Following the trail of Dimitris Nikolaidis in the Ottoman archives". In Sagaster, Börte; Theoharis Stavrides; Birgitt Hoffmann (eds.).Press and Mass Communication in the Middle East: Festschrift for Martin Strohmeier.University of Bamberg Press. pp. 33-.ISBN9783863095277. - Volume 12 of Bamberger Orientstudien // cited: p.44.
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