Coat of arms of the King King Harald V andQueen Sonja Thelist ofmonarchs of Norway (Norwegian :kongerekken orkongerekka ) begins in 872: the traditional dating of theBattle of Hafrsfjord , after which victorious KingHarald Fairhair merged severalpetty kingdoms into that of his father. Named after thehomonymous geographical region , Harald's realm was later to be known as theKingdom of Norway .[ 1]
Traditionally established in 872 and existing continuously for over 1,100 years, the Kingdom of Norway is one of the oldest states ofEurope : KingHarald V , who has reigned since 1991, is the 64th monarch according to the official list.[ 2] interregna , Norway has been ruled by variously titled regents.
Several royaldynasties have possessed the Throne of the Kingdom of Norway: the more prominent include theFairhair dynasty (872–970), theHouse of Sverre (1184–1319), theHouse of Oldenburg (1450–1481, 1483–1533, 1537–1818, and from 1905), including branchesHolstein-Gottorp (1814–1818) andSchleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg (from 1905), and theHouse of Bernadotte (1818–1905). During thecivil war era (1130–1240), severalpretenders fought each other, and as a consequence, some rulers from this era are not traditionally considered lawful kings and are usually omitted from lists of monarchs. Between 1319 and 1905, Norway was at times part of various unions with neighbouring countries, like TheFirst Swedish–Norwegian union , TheKalmar Union ,Denmark-Norway , andSweden–Norway .
Kings of Norway used many additional titles between 1450 and 1905, such asKing of the Wends ,King of the Goths ,Duke of Schleswig ,Duke of Holstein ,Prince of Rügen , andCount of Oldenburg . They called themselvesKonge til Norge ("King of Norway"), usually with the styleHis Royal Majesty .[citation needed With the introduction of constitutional monarchy in 1814, the traditional style "by the Grace of God " was extended to "by the Grace of God and the Constitution of the Kingdom", but was only briefly in use.[citation needed The last king to use theby the grace of God style wasHaakon VII , who died in 1957. The King's title today is formallyNorges Konge ("Norway's King"), with the style "His Majesty".
For lists of the prehistoric kings of Norway seeList of legendary kings of Norway
Besides becoming sole king after his father Harold's death, Eric Bloodaxe was king jointly with his father for three years before the latter's death. After Harald's death, Eric ruled as "overking" of his brothers, who also held status as kings and had control over certain regions.[ 3] [ 4] Fairhair dynasty are approximate and/or just scholarly estimates. Slight differences might therefore occur between different sources. The following table uses the dates given inNorsk biografisk leksikon Store norske leksikon
[ edit ] The Danish kingHarald Bluetooth had himself hailed as king of Norway after theBattle of Fitjar (c. 961). Besides gaining direct control of Viken in south-eastern Norway, he let Harald Greycloak rule the rest of Norway as king, nominally under himself.[citation needed Harald Bluetooth later switched his support to Harald Greycloak's rival,Haakon Sigurdsson ,Earl of Lade , who eventually captured Harald Greycloak's kingdom. Haakon thereafter ruled Norway (except Viken), at first nominally under Harald. All dates are estimates and subject to interpretation.[ 8] [ 9]
[ edit ] [ edit ] After theBattle of Svolder , the Danes recaptured Norway under Sweyn Forkbeard. As before, the Danes controlled the petty kingdoms of Viken as vassals, while the two Earls of Lade, Eric Haakonsson and Sweyn Haakonsson, ruled Western Norway and Trøndelag, nominally as earls under Sweyn.[ 14] [ 15]
[ edit ] [ edit ] [ edit ] [ edit ] [ edit ] House of Palatinate-Neumarkt [ edit ] R Name Portrait Birth Marriages Death DS Christian I (31 years, 8 days)
February 1426Oldenburg Dietrich, Count of Oldenburg andHedvig of Holstein Dorothea of Brandenburg Church of Our Lady 21 May 1481Copenhagen Castle R Interregnum (21 May 1481 – 20 July 1483)Jon Svaleson Smør as regent DS John (29 years, 215 days)
2 February 1455Aalborghus Castle Christian I andDorothea of Brandenburg Christina of Saxony Copenhagen 20 February 1513Aalborghus Castle R Interregnum (20 February 1513 – 22 July 1513) DS Christian II (9 years, 182 days)
1 July 1481Nyborg Castle John andChristina of Saxony Isabella of Austria Copenhagen 25 January 1559Kalundborg Castle D R Interregnum (20 January 1523 – 5 August 1524) D Frederick I (8 years, 248 days)
7 October 1471Haderslevhus Castle Christian I andDorothea of Brandenburg (1)Anna of Brandenburg Stendal Sophie of Pomerania Kiel Castle 10 April 1533Gottorp Castle R Interregnum (10 April 1533 – 1 April 1537)Olav Engelbrektsson as regent D Christian III (21 years, 275 days)
12 August 1503Gottorp Castle Frederick I andAnna of Brandenburg Dorothea of Saxe-Lauenburg Lauenburg Castle 1 January 1559Koldinghus Castle Frederick II (29 years, 94 days)
1 July 1534Haderslevhus Castle Christian III andDorothea of Saxe-Lauenburg Sophie of Mecklenburg-Güstrow Copenhagen 4 April 1588Antvorskov Castle Christian IV (59 years, 330 days)Regency Council led by:Niels Kaas (1588–1594) andJørgen Rosenkrantz (1594–1596)
12 April 1577Frederiksborg Palace Frederick II andSophie of Mecklenburg-Güstrow (1)Anne Catherine of Brandenburg Haderslevhus Castle Kirsten Munk Copenhagen 28 February 1648Rosenborg Castle R Interregnum (28 February 1648 – 6 July 1648)Hannibal Sehested as Governor-general D Frederick III (21 years, 218 days)
18 March 1609Haderslevhus Castle Christian IV andAnne Catherine of Brandenburg Sophie Amalie of Brunswick-Lüneburg Glücksburg Castle 9 February 1670Copenhagen Castle Christian V (29 years, 197 days)
15 April 1646Duborg Castle Frederick III andSophie Amalie of Brunswick-Lüneburg Charlotte Amalie of Hesse-Kassel Nykøbing Castle 25 August 1699Copenhagen Castle Frederick IV (31 years, 48 days)Regent:Queen Consort Louise (1708–1709)
11 October 1671Copenhagen Castle Christian V andCharlotte Amalie of Hesse-Kassel (1)Louise of Mecklenburg-Güstrow Copenhagen Elisabeth Helene von Vieregg Anne Sophie Reventlow Copenhagen 12 October 1730Odense Palace Christian VI (15 years, 298 days)
30 November 1699Copenhagen Castle Frederick IV andLouise of Mecklenburg-Güstrow Sophia Magdalene of Brandenburg-Kulmbach Pretzsch Castle 6 August 1746Hirschholm Palace Frederick V (19 years, 161 days)
31 March 1723Copenhagen Castle Christian VI andSophia Magdalene of Brandenburg-Kulmbach (1)Louise of Great Britain Altona Juliana Maria of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel Frederiksborg Palace 14 January 1766Christiansborg Palace Christian VII (42 years, 59 days)Regents:Hereditary Prince Frederick (1772–1784) andCrown Prince Frederick (1784–1808)
29 January 1749Christiansborg Palace Frederick V andLouise of Great Britain Caroline Matilda of Great Britain Christiansborg Palace 13 March 1808Rendsburg Frederick VI (5 years, 331 days)
28 January 1768Christiansborg Palace Christian VII andCaroline Matilda of Great Britain Marie Sophie of Hesse-Kassel Gottorp Castle 3 December 1839Amalienborg Palace R Interregnum (7 February 1814 – 17 May 1814)Hereditary Prince Christian Frederick as regent I Christian Frederick (146 days)
18 September 1786Christiansborg Palace Frederick, Hereditary Prince of Denmark and Norway andSophia Frederica of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (1)Charlotte Frederica of Mecklenburg-Schwerin Ludwigslust Castle Caroline Amalie of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg Augustenborg Palace 20 January 1848Amalienborg Palace R Interregnum (10 October 1814 – 4 November 1814)Marcus Gjøe Rosenkrantz as Prime Minister
House of Holstein-Gottorp [ edit ] House of Bernadotte [ edit ] [ edit ] Carl of Denmark was approved in areferendum as King of Norway on 13 November 1905 and then elected by theStorting on 18 November 1905. He took the regnal name Haakon VII. With him theHouse of Oldenburg , in the form of itsjunior branch , resumed occupancy of the throne of Norway.[citation needed
R Name Portrait Birth Marriages Death I Haakon VII (51 years, 307 days)Regent:Crown Prince Olav (1955 – 1957)
3 August 1872Charlottenlund ,Denmark Frederik VIII of Denmark andLouise of Sweden Maud of Wales 21 September 1957Oslo (85 years, 49 days) Olav V (33 years, 118 days)Regent:Crown Prince Harald (1958, 1990 – 1991)
2 July 1903Norfolk ,England Maud of Wales Märtha of Sweden 17 January 1991Oslo (87 years, 199 days) Harald V Present (34 years, 314 days)Regent:Crown Prince Haakon Magnus (2003 – 2004, 2005, 2020, 2024)
21 February 1937Asker Princess Märtha of Sweden Sonja Haraldsen Alive(88 years, 279 days)
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