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List of Mongol rulers

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Not to be confused withList of Mughal emperors.
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8 of 15 khagans of theMongol Empire.
Mongol Empire and its fragmentation
Imperial Seal of the Mongols
Imperial Seal ofBogd Khan

The following is alist of Mongol rulers.

The list of states is chronological but follows the development of different dynasties.

Before Genghis Khan

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Mongol Empire (1206–1368)

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Further information:Mongol Empire

Great Khans and Yuan dynasty

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For a more comprehensive list, seeList of Yuan emperors.

BeforeKublai Khan announced the dynastic name "Great Yuan" in 1271,Khagans (Great Khans) of theMongol Empire (Ikh Mongol Uls) already started to use the Chinese title ofEmperor (Chinese:皇帝;pinyin:Huángdì) practically in theChinese language sinceGenghis Khan (as成吉思皇帝; 'Genghis Emperor').

With the establishment of theYuan dynasty in 1271, the Kublaids became Yuan emperors, who took on a dual identity of Khagan for the Mongols andHuangdi forethnic Han.

RulerReignInformation
Genghis Khan1206 - 1227The first Khan of the Mongol Empire.
Tolui Khan1227 - 1229Regent of the Mongol Empire until his brother, Ögedei became Khan.
Ögedei Khan13 September 1229 – 11 December 1241The second Khan of the Mongol Empire.
Töregene Khatun1242 - 1246Regent of the Mongol Empire until the election of her son, Güyük Khan.
Güyük Khan24 August 1246 – 20 April 1248The third Khan of the Mongol Empire.
Oghul Qaimish1248 - 1251Regent of the Mongol Empire until her death in 1251.
Möngke Khan1 July 1251 – 11 August 1259The fourth Khan of the Mongol Empire.
Ariq Böke11 August 1259 – 12 August 1264Claimed the title of Great Khan and fought against Kublai in theToluid Civil War.
Kublai Khan18 December 1271 – 18 February 1294The first emperor of the Yuan Dynasty.
Temür Khan10 May 1294 – 10 February 1307The second emperor of the Yuan Dynasty.
Külüg Khan21 June 1307 – 27 January 1311The third emperor of the Yuan Dynasty.
Ayurbarwada Buyantu Khan7 April 1311 – 1 March 1320The fourth emperor of the Yuan Dynasty.
Gegeen Khan19 April 1320 – 4 September 1323The fifth emperor of the Yuan Dynasty.
Yesün Temür4 October 1323 – 15 August 1328The sixth emperor of the Yuan Dynasty.
Ragibagh KhanOctober 1328 - 14 November 1328The seventh emperor of the Yuan Dynasty.
Jayaatu Khan Tugh Temür16 October 1328 – 26 February 1329.[1] (first reign)
8 September 1329 – 2 September 1332 (second reign)		The eighth emperor of the Yuan Dynasty
Khutughtu Khan Kusala27 February 1329 – 30 August 1329The ninth emperor of the Yuan Dynasty. Seized the throne from Jayaatu Khan Tugh Temür.
Rinchinbal Khan23 October 1332 – 14 December 1332The tenth emperor of the Yuan Dynasty.
Toghon Temür19 July 1333 – 10 September 1368[1]The eleventh emperor and last emperor of the Yuan Dynasty. Also the first emperor of theNorthern Yuan Dynasty.

Golden Horde

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For a more comprehensive list, seeList of khans of the Golden Horde.
See also:Wings of the Golden Horde

Left wing (White Horde)

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Further information:White Horde

Ögedei Khanate

Kaydu Ulus

Yenisei Kingdom

Right wing (Blue Horde)

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Further information:Blue Horde

Actual rulers of the Golden Horde (Jochid Ulus, Kipchak Khanate) were members of the House of Batu until 1361.

RulerReignInformation
Batu Khan1227 - 1255The first Khan of theGolden Horde and the first Khan of its Western Half (theBlue Horde).
Sartaq Khan1256 - 1257The second Khan of the Golden Horde and the Blue Horde.
Ulaghchi1257The third Khan of the Golden Horde and Blue Horde. The last Khan of the Golden Horde that believed inTengrism.
Berke Khan1257 - 1266The fourth Khan of the Golden Horde and the Blue Horde. The first Islamic Khan of the Golden Horde and supporter ofAriq Böke in theToluid Civil War.
Mengu-Timur1266 - 1280The fifth Khan of the Golden Horde and the Blue Horde.
Tode Mongke1280 - 1287The sixth Khan of the Golden Horde and the Blue Horde.
Talabuga1287 - 1291The seventh Khan of the Golden Horde and the Blue Horde.
Toqta1291 - 1312The eighth Khan of the Golden Horde and the Blue Horde.
Özbeg Khan1313 - 1341The ninth Khan of the Golden Horde and the Blue Horde.
Tini Beg1341 - 1342The tenth Khan of the Golden Horde and the Blue Horde.
Jani Beg1342 - 1357The eleventh Khan of the Golden Horde and the Blue Horde.
Berdi Beg1357 - 1359The twelve Khan of the Golden Horde and Blue Horde.
QulpaAugust 1359 - February 1360The thirteenth Khan of the Golden Horde and Blue Horde.
Nawruz Beg1360The fourteenth Khan of the Golden Horde and Blue Horde.
Khiḍr Khan1360 - 1361The fifteenth Khan of the Golden Horde and Blue Horde.
Timur Khwaja1361The sixteenth Khan of the Golden Horde and Blue Horde.
Ordu Malik1361The seventeenth Khan of the Golden Horde and Blue Horde.
Kildi Beg1361 - 1362The eighteenth Khan of the Golden Horde and the Blue Horde.
Abdallāh1361 - 1370The nineteenth Khan of the Golden Horde and Blue Horde. Under the influence ofMamai.
Tulun Beg Khanum1370 - 1371The first Queen of the Golden Horde and Blue Horde.
Muhammad Sultan1370/1371 - 1379The twentieth Khan of the Golden Horde and Blue Horde. Under the influence of Mamai.
Tulak1379 - 1380The twenty-first Khan of the Golden Horde and Blue Horde. Under the influence of Mamai.

Great Horde (1466–1502)

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Main article:Great Horde

Ilkhanate

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Further information:Ilkhanate

After the murder of Arpa, the regional states established during the disintegration of the Ilkhanate raised their own candidates as claimants.

Claimants from eastern Persia (Khurasan):

  • Togha Temür (c. 1338–1353) (recognized by theKartids 1338–1349; by the Jalayirids 1338–1339, 1340–1344; by the Sarbadars 1338–1341, 1344, 1353)
  • Luqman (1353–1388) (son of Togha Temür)

Chobanids (1335–1357)

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Main article:Chobanids

Jalayirid Sultanate (1335–1432)

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Main article:Jalayirid Sultanate

Injuids (1335–1357)

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Main article:Injuids

Arghun dynasty (1479?–1599?)

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Main article:Arghun dynasty

Chagatai Khanate

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For a more comprehensive list, seeList of Chagatai khans.

The Chagatai Khanate was split into two parts, the Western Chagatai Khanate and the Eastern Chagatai Khanate (Moghulistan).

Western Chagatai Khanate

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From 1370 on, the Western Chagatai Khans were puppets of Timur.

Eastern Chagatai Khanate (Moghulistan)

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Further information:Moghulistan

Moghulistan was split into theTurpan Khanate andYarkent Khanate in the late 15th century.

See also:List of khans of the Yarkent and Turpan khanates

.

Turpan Khanate
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Further information:Turpan Khanate
Yarkent Khanate
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Further information:Yarkent Khanate

Kara Del (1383–1513)

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Main article:Kara Del

Northern Yuan dynasty (1368–1635)

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For a more comprehensive list, seeList of Northern Yuan khans.

Khagans of the Mongols orNorthern Yuan dynasty (rump state ofYuan dynasty until 1388):

Genghisid Khalkha Khans (1600s–1691)

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Independent Khalkha Mongol Khans (before Outer Mongolia merged into the Manchu Qing dynasty):

Tüsheet Khans

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See also:Tüsheet Khan
  • Abtai Sain Khan (1567–1588)
  • Eriyekhei Mergen Khan (1589–?)
  • Gombodorji Khan (d. 1655)
  • Chakhun Dorji Khan (1654–1698)

Jasagtu Khans

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  • Laikhur Khan
  • Subandai Khan
  • Norbu Bisireltü Khan (d. 1661)
  • Chambun Khan (1670?–)
  • Zenggün
  • Shara (d. 1687)

Sechen Khans

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  • Sholoi (1627–1652), son of Morbuim, succeeded his brother Khar Zagal in 1627. First with the title of Setsen Khan.
  • Babu (1652–1683), fifth son of Sholoi.
  • Norov (1683–1688), third son of Babu.
  • Navaanneren (1910–1922), eldest son of Tserendondov, who was the son of Orjinjav the son of Artased.

Altan Khan of the Khalkha

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See also:Altan Khan of the Khalkha

Oirats

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Four Oirat (1399–1634)

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Further information:Four Oirat
  • Khuuhai Dayuu (c. 1399)
  • Ugetchi Khashikha (Mongolian: Ögöchi Khashikha; Mönkhtömör)
  • Batula Chinsan (Bahamu, Mahamud) (1399–1408)
  • Togoon Tayisi (Toghan) (1408–1438)
  • Esen (1438–1454)
  • Amasanj (1454–1455)
  • Ush-Temür (Ish-Temür) (1455–1469)
  • Khishig Urlugh
  • Arkhan Chingsang

Dzungar Khanate

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Further information:Dzungar Khanate

Khans of Khoshut Khanate

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Further information:Khoshut Khanate

Khotgoid Khanate (late 16th century – late 17th century)

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Main articles:Altan Khan of Khalkha andKhotogoid

Torghud khans of the Kalmyk Khanate

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Further information:Kalmyk Khanate
  • Kho Orluk (d. 1644)
  • Shukhur Daichin (1644–1661)
  • Puntsuk (1661–1669)
  • Ayuka Khan (1669–1724)
  • Tseren Donduk Khan (1724–1735)
  • Donduk Ombo Khan (1735–1741)
  • Donduk Dashi Khan (1741–1761)
  • Ubashi Khan (1762–1771)

Bogd Khanate of Mongolia (1911–1924)

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Main article:Bogd Khanate of Mongolia
RulerPhotoSealReignInformation
Bogd Khan29 December 1911 – 20 May 1924The first and only Khan of the Bogd Khanate of Mongolia. Also the eighthJebtsundamba Khutuktu.

See also

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References

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Citations

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  1. ^abMoule 1957, p. 104.

Sources

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  • Dughlát Muhammad Haidar, Norbert Elias, Edward Denison Ross – The Tarikh-i-rashidi
  • Henry Hoyle Howorth-History of the Mongols
  • Herbert Franke, Denis Twitchett, John King Fairbank -The Cambridge History of China: Alien regimes and border states, 907–1368
  • William Bayne Fisher, Peter Jackson, Laurence Lockhart, J. A. Boyle – The Cambridge history of Iran, 5
  • Konstantin Nikolaevich Maksimov – Kalmykia in Russia's past and present national policies and administrative system
  • Moule, Arthur C. (1957).The Rulers of China, 221 BC – AD 1949. London:Routledge.OCLC 223359908.
History
Proto-Mongols
Medieval tribes
Ethnic groups
Mongols
in China
Oirats
Buryats
Other
See also:Donghu and Xianbei ·Turco-Mongol ·Modern ethnic groups
*Mongolized ethnic groups.**Ethnic groups of Mongolian origin or with a large Mongolian ethnic component.
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