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This is an incompletelist of Martian canals from the erroneous belief in the late 19th and early 20th centuries that "Martian canals" existed on the surface of the red planet.[1][2] These canals were named byGiovanni Schiaparelli andPercival Lowell, amongst others, after real and legendary rivers of various places on Earth or the mythological underworld. A partial list of names are provided below with the regions that the canals were thought to connect.[3][4]
| Name | Pronunciation | Locationˈ | Source of name | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acalandrus | /ˌækəˈlændrəs/ | From a stream inLucania, Italy, now calledCalandro | ||
| Acampsis | /əˈkæmpsɪs/ | From a river inPontus that flowed into theBlack Sea, now calledÇoruh/Chorokhi | ||
| Acesines | /æsɪˈsaɪniːz/ | From a Sicilian river, now calledCantara; also the name ofChenab, one of the rivers of thePunjab | ||
| Achana | /ˈækənə/ | From a river in northern Arabia | ||
| Achates | /əˈkeɪtiːz/ | From a Sicilian river now called theDrillo, in whichagates were found | ||
| Acheloüs | /ˌækɪˈloʊəs/ | FromAchelous, a river in western Greece | ||
| Acheron | /ˈækərɒn/ | FromAcheron, both a real river inEpirus and a mythical river of Hades | ||
| Acis | /ˈeɪsɪs/ | From a Sicilian river now calledFiume di Iaci | ||
| Aeacus | /ˈiːəkəs/ | N to S: runs through Cebrenia to the junction ofStyx andBoreas canals | ||
| Aeolus | /ˈiːoʊləs/ | FromAeolus, keeper of the winds in Greek mythology | ||
| Aesis | /ˈiːsɪs/ | From an Italian river, now calledFiumesino | ||
| Aethiops | /ˈiːθiɒps/ | Means "the Ethiopian" | ||
| Agathodaemon | /ˌæɡəθoʊˈdiːmɒn/ | N to S: connectsTithonius Lacus toAonius Sinus, oppositeProtei Regio; just W ofAurea Cherso | Means "good spirit" | |
| Alcyonius | /ˌælsiˈoʊniəs/ | |||
| Alpheus | /ælˈfiːəs/ | Runs NS throughHellas | From the riverAlpheios in the Peloponnesus of Greece | |
| Ambrosia | /æmˈbroʊʒiə/ | S to N: connectsSolis Lacus withBosphorus Gemmatus, running throughThaumasia | Fromambrosia, the legendary food of the gods | |
| Amenthes | /əˈmɛnθiːz/ | |||
| Amphrysus | /æmˈfraɪsəs/ | From a Thessalian river, now calledArmiro | ||
| Amystis | /əˈmɪstɪs/ | From a river of India | ||
| Anapus | /əˈneɪpəs/ | From an Acarnanian or Sicilian river | ||
| Anian | /ˈeɪniæn/ | After theStrait of Anián, a mythical water passage in the American northwest | ||
| Antaeus | /ænˈtiːəs/ | NW to SE: from the junction ofCerberus andEunostos canals to theAtlantis region | FromAntaeus, son of Earth, a gigantic opponent ofHeracles | |
| Anubis | /əˈnjuːbɪs/ | From the Egyptian godAnubis | ||
| Apis | /ˈeɪpɪs/ | From the Egyptian godApis | ||
| Araxes | /əˈræksiːz/ | E to W: connectsPhoenicis Lacus with the E end ofMare Sirenum | FromAraxes, a river in easternAnatolia, northernIran | |
| Argaeus | /ɑːrˈdʒiːəs/ | Flows S from pole to junction ofPyramus andPierius canals | ||
| Arges | /ˈɑːrdʒiːz/ | |||
| Arnon | /ˈɑːrnɒn/ | N to S: connectsArethusa Lacus toIsmenius Lacus | From the small riverArnon now in the Kingdom ofJordan | |
| Aroeris | NE to SW: from "Copais Palus" toIsmenius Lacus | |||
| Arosis | /ˈæroʊsɪs/ | |||
| Arsanias | /ɑːrˈseɪniæs/ | From an Armenian river | ||
| Artanes | /ˈɑːrtəniːz/ | |||
| Ascanius | /æsˈkeɪniəs/ | From the TrojanAscanius, son ofAeneas | ||
| Asclepius | /æsˈkliːpiəs/ | From the Greek deity of healingAsclepius | ||
| Asopus | /əˈsoʊpəs/ | |||
| Astaboras | /æsˈtæbɔːræs/ | E to W: connectsSyrtis Major toIsmenius Lacus | From a name for theAtbarah river, a branch of the upper Nile | |
| Astapus | /ˈæstəpəs/ | From a name for theBlue Nile river | ||
| Astusapes | /æsˈtjuːsəpiːz/ | From a name for theWhite Nile river | ||
| Atax | /ˈeɪtæks/ | |||
| Athesis | /ˈæθɪsɪs/ | From the riverAdige in Venezia | ||
| Athyr | /ˈeɪθɪər/ | From a form of the name of the Egyptian goddessHathor | ||
| Avernus | /əˈvɛərnəs/ | NE to SW: connectsAmmonii Fons to the E end ofMare Cimmerium viaAquae Apollinaris | FromAvernus, a river of Hades | |
| Avus | /ˈeɪvəs/ | |||
| Axius | /ˈæksiəs/ | |||
| Axon | /ˈæksɒn/ |
| Bactrus | /ˈbæktrəs/ | From a river ofBactria | |
| Baetis | /ˈbiːtɪs/ | From the classical name of theGuadalquivir river | |
| Bathys | /ˈbeɪθɪs/ | From a river ofPontus | |
| Bautis | /ˈbɔːtɪs/ | ||
| Belus | /ˈbiːləs/ | ||
| Boreas | /ˈbɔːriæs/ | E to W: connectsPropontis toAnian canal | FromBoreas, the Greek name for the North Wind |
| Boreosyrtis | /ˌbɔːrioʊˈsɪərtɪs/ | E to W in curve betweenUtopia andDioscuria | |
| Brontes | /ˈbrɒntiːz/ | ||
| Cadmus | /ˈkædməs/ | From the Greek heroCadmus | |
| Caicus | |||
| Callirrhoë | /kəˈlɪroʊi/ | Means "flowing beautifully" | |
| Cambyses | |||
| Cantabras | |||
| Carpis | /ˈkɑːrpɪs/ | ||
| Casius | /ˈkeɪʒiəs/ | NW to SE: connectsCopaïs Palus toNodus Alcyonius | |
| Casuentus | /ˌkæzjuˈeɪntəs/ | ||
| Catarrhactes | /ˌkætəˈræktiːz/ | ||
| Caÿster | /keɪˈɪstər/ | – | |
| Cedron | /ˈsiːdrɒn/ | NW to SE; connects theJaxartes canal toArethusa Lacus | From theBrook of Cedron nearJerusalem |
| Centrites | |||
| Cephissus | /sɪˈfɪsəs/ | From any of several rivers in Greece calledCephissus | |
| Ceraunius | /sɪəˈrɔːniəs/ | A broad canal, or pair of canals, running NS fromTharsis down to betweenTempe andArcadia | |
| Cerberus | /ˈsɛərbərəs/ | NE to SW: connectsTrivium Charontis to the W end ofMare Cimmerium | From the name of the dogCerberus that guards the gates of Hades |
| Cestrus | /ˈsɛstrəs/ | ||
| Chaboras | |||
| Chretes | /ˈkriːtiːz/ | ||
| Choaspes | /koʊˈæspiːz/ | FromChoaspes, a river ofSusiana,Persia | |
| Chrysas | /ˈkraɪsæs/ | ||
| Chrysorrhoas | /kraɪˈsɒroʊæs/ | N to S: connectsLunae Lacus toTithonius Lacus | Means "flowing with gold" |
| Cinyphus | |||
| Clitumnus | /klaɪˈtʌmnəs/ | ||
| Clodianus | /ˌklɒdiˈeɪnəs/ | ||
| Cocytus | /koʊˈsaɪtəs/ | Named forCocytus, a mythical river of Hades | |
| Cophen | /ˈkoʊfɛn/ | ||
| Coprates | |||
| Corax | /ˈkɔːræks/ | ||
| Cyaneus | /saɪˈeɪniəs/ | ||
| Cyclops | /ˈsaɪklɒps/ | Southern continuation ofGalaxias canal, running from the junction ofCerberus andEunostos toMare Cimmerium | Named for the one-eyed monsterCyclops of Greek myth |
| Cydnus | /ˈsɪdnəs/ | ||
| Cyrus | /ˈsaɪrəs/ | ||
| Daemon | /ˈdiːmɒn/ | ||
| Daix | |||
| Daradax | |||
| Dardanus | /ˈdɑːrdənəs/ | E to W: connectsNiliacus Lacus toCeraunius canal | |
| Dargamenes | |||
| Deuteronilus | /ˌdjuːtəroʊˈnaɪləs/ | E to W: connectsIsmenius Lacus toNiliacus Lacus viaDirce Fons | Means 'Second Nile' |
| Digentia | /daɪˈdʒɛnʃiə/ | ||
| Dosaron | |||
| Drahonus |
| Elison | |||
| Eosphoros | /iˈɒsfɔːrɒs/ | NW to SE: connectsPhoenicis Lacus toSolis Lacus | Means "bringer of dawn" |
| Erannoboas | /ˌɛrəˈnɒboʊæs/ | A river of India | |
| Erebus | /ˈɛrɪbəs/ | FromErebus, a name for the Underworld | |
| Erigone | /ɪəˈrɪɡoʊni/ | ||
| Erinaeus | /ˌɛrɪˈniːəs/ | ||
| Erinnys | /ɪəˈrɪnɪs/ | E to W: connects the W end ofMare Sirenum toTitanum Sinus inMemnonia | From the mythicalErinyes |
| Erymanthus | /ˌɛrɪˈmænθəs/ | ||
| Eulaeus | /juːˈliːəs/ | ||
| Eumenides | /juːˈmɛnɪdiːz/ | NW to SE: the SE continuation ofOrcus canal, fromNodus Gordii toPhoenicis Lacus | From another name for theErinyes |
| Eunostos | /juːˈnɒstɒs/ | ||
| Euphrates | /juːˈfreɪtiːz/ | N to S: connectsSinus Sabaeus toIsmenius Lacus | From the riverEuphrates inMesopotamia, one of the four rivers of theGarden of Eden |
| Euripus | /jʊəˈraɪpəs/ | SE to NW, connectsMare Tyrrhenum andMare Hadriaticum, running throughAusonia | After the strait betweenEuboea andBoeotia |
| Eurotas | /jʊəˈroʊtæs/ | After the riverEurotas in Greece | |
| Eurymedon | /jʊəˈrɪmɪdɒn/ | ||
| Eurypus | /ˈjʊərɪpəs/ | ||
| Evenus | /ɪˈviːnəs/ | akaEuenus/juˈiːnəs/ | |
| Feuos | /ˈfjuːɒs/ | akaFevos [ ˈfivɒs ] | |
| Fortunae | /fɔːrˈtjuːni/ | Means "of Fortune" |
| Gaesus | /ˈdʒiːsəs/ | ||
| Galaesus | /ɡəˈliːsəs/ | ||
| Galaxias | /ɡəˈlæksiæs/ | N to S: fromAnian to the junction ofCerberus andEunostos S ofElysium | |
| Ganges | /ˈɡændʒiːz/ | N to S: connectsLunae Lacus toAurorae Sinus | From theGanges, a river of India |
| Ganymede | /ˈɡænɪmiːd/ | FromGanymede, the cupbearer of Zeus | |
| Garrhuenus | |||
| Gehon | /ˈdʒiːɒn/ | N to S: connectsMare Acidalium to the W end ofSinus Sabaeus | FromGihon, one of thefour rivers of Eden Also spelledGihon [ ˈdʒajɒn ] |
| Gigas | /ˈdʒaɪɡæs/ | NE to SW: connectsAscraeus Lacus toTitanum Sinus viaLucus Maricae | From the mythical monsters calledGigantes |
| Glaucus | /ˈɡlɔːkəs/ | ||
| Gorgon | /ˈɡɔːrɡɒn/ | ConnectsMare Sirenum and theEumenides canal nearNodus Gordii | From the mythical monsterGorgon |
| Gyes | /ˈdʒaɪiːz/ | ||
| Gyndes | /ˈdʒɪndiːz/ | From theGyndes flowing into the Tigris | |
| Hades | /ˈheɪdiːz/ | N to S: connectsTrivium Charontis andPropontis | From the Greek name for the Underworld and its ruling deity,Hades |
| Halys | /heɪlɪs/ | ||
| Harpasus | |||
| Hebe | /ˈhiːbi/ | ||
| Hebrus | /ˈhiːbrəs/ | ||
| Heliconius | /ˌhɛlɪˈkoʊniəs/ | E to W: connectsSithonius Lacus toCopaïs Palus | |
| Helisson | /hɪˈlɪsɒn/ | ||
| Hephaestus | /hɪˈfɛstəs/ | From the godHephaestus | |
| Heratemis | |||
| Hiddekel | /ˈhɪdɪkɛl/ | NE to SW: connectsIsmenius Lacus toFastigium Aryn at the western end ofSinus Sabaeus | From the Hebrew name for theTigris, a river of Mesopotamia and one of the four rivers ofEden |
| Hipparis | |||
| Hippus | /ˈhɪpəs/ | ||
| Hyblaeus | /hɪˈbliːəs/ | NE to SW: connectsAnian canal toHephaestus canal | |
| Hyctanis | |||
| Hydaspes | /haɪˈdæspiːz/ | From the Greek name for theJhelum river of India | |
| Hydraotes | /ˌhɪdreɪˈoʊtiːz/ | SE to NW; connectsMargaritifer Sinus toLunae Lacus | After the Greek name for theRavi river of India |
| Hydriacus | |||
| Hylias | |||
| Hyllus | /ˈhɪləs/ | ||
| Hyphasis | |||
| Hypsas | /ˈhɪpsəs/ | ||
| Hyscus | /ˈhɪskəs/ |
| Idalius | /aɪˈdeɪliəs/ | ||
| Ilissus | /aɪˈlɪsəs/ | ||
| Indus | /ˈɪndəs/ | N to S: connectsNiliacus Lacus toMargaritifer Sinus | From theIndus, a river of India |
| Iris | /ˈaɪərɪs/ | N to S: connectsPhoenicis Lacus toCeraunius canal | Named for the goddess of the rainbowIris |
| Isis | /ˈaɪsɪs/ | From the Egyptian goddessIsis | |
| Issedon | /ˈɪsɪdɒn/ | ||
| Jamuna | /ˈdʒæmjuːnə/ | N to S; connectsNiliacus Lacus toAurorae Sinus | From theYamuna orJumna, a river of India |
| Jaxartes | /dʒækˈsɑːrtiːz/ | From an old name for theSyr Darya, a river of Transoxiana | |
| Jordanis | /dʒɔːrˈdeɪnɪs/ | From the riverJordan in the Holy Land | |
| Kison | /ˈkaɪsɒn/ | ||
| Labotas | |||
| Laestrygon | /lɛsˈtraɪɡɒn/ | N to S: connectsTrivium Charontis toMare Cimmerium | |
| Leontes | /liˈɒntiːz/ | ||
| Lethes | /ˈliːθiːz/ | N to S: connectsHephaestus canal toSyrtis Minor | FromLethe, a mythical river of Hades |
| Liris | /ˈlaɪərɪs/ | ||
| Maeander | /miˈændər/ | ||
| Magon | /ˈmeɪɡɒn/ | ||
| Malva | /ˈmælvə/ | From the riverMalua inMauretania | |
| Margus | /ˈmɑːrɡəs/ | ||
| Medus | /ˈmiːdəs/ | ||
| Medusa | /mɪˈdjuːsə/ | From the mythical monsterMedusa | |
| Mogrus | /ˈmoʊɡrəs/ |
| Nectar | /ˈnɛktɑːr/ | Runs E fromSolis Lacus toNectaris Fons (nearProtei Regio) | Fromnectar, the legendary drink of the gods |
| Neda | /ˈniːdə/ | A river of the Peloponnesus | |
| Nepenthes | /nɪˈpɛnθiːz/ | NE to SW: from junction ofThoth andTriton canals toSyrtis Major viaLacus Moeris | |
| Nereides | /nɪəˈriːədiːz/ | From the nymphs calledNereids | |
| Nestus | /ˈnɛstəs/ | A river of Thrace | |
| Neudrus | /ˈnjuːdrəs/ | A river of India | |
| Nilokeras | /naɪˈlɒkɪræs/ | E to W: connectsNiliacus Lacus withLunae Lacus | Means "horn of the Nile" |
| Nilosyrtis | /ˌnɪloʊˈsɪərtɪs/ | A broad canallike feature, running N from the tip ofSyrtis Major toColoë Palus | |
| Nilus | /ˈnaɪləs/ | From theNile, the river of Egypt | |
| Nymphaeus | /nɪmˈfiːəs/ | A river of Armenia | |
| Oceanus | /oʊˈsiːənəs/ | FromOceanus, a mythical river surrounding the world and the Titan who shared its name | |
| Ochus | /ˈoʊkəs/ | A river of Bactriana | |
| Opharus | /ˈɒfərəs/ | A river of Sarmatia | |
| Orcus | /ˈɔːrkəs/ | NW to SE: connectsTrivium Charontis toNodus Gordii, where it turns intoEumenides canal | FromOrcus, a synonym of Hades |
| Orontes | /oʊˈrɒntiːz/ | E to SW: connectsSerbonis Palus toSabaeus Sinus | From theOrontes, a river of Syria |
| Orosines | |||
| Oxus | /ˈɒksəs/ | NE to SW: connects theDeuteronilus and theIndus canals | From an old name for theAmu Darya, a river of Central Asia |
| Pactolus | /pækˈtoʊləs/ | From the riverPactolus inAnatolia | |
| Padargus | /pəˈdɑːrɡəs/ | ||
| Palamnus | /pəˈlæmnəs/ | ||
| Parcae | /ˈpɑːrsi/ | ||
| Peneus | /pɪˈniːəs/ | Runs EW throughHellas | From thePeneios river in the Peloponnesus of Greece |
| Permessus | /pɛərˈmɛsəs/ | ||
| Pierius | /paɪˈɪəriəs/ | E to W: connectsCopaïs Palus andArethusa Lacus | |
| Phasis | /ˈfeɪsɪs/ | N to S: connectsPhoenicis Lacus andAonius Sinus | |
| Phison | /ˈfaɪsɒn/ | N to S: connectsColoë Palus toSinus Sabaeus | FromPishon, one of the four rivers of Eden |
| Phlegethon | /ˈflɛdʒɪθɒn/ | From thePhlegethon, a mythical river of Hades | |
| Protonilus | /ˌprɒtoʊˈnaɪləs/ | E to W: connectsColoë Palus andIsmenius Lacus | Means "first Nile" |
| Psychrus | /ˈsaɪkrəs/ | ||
| Pyramus | /ˈpɪrəməs/ | S from pole viaCopaïs Palus to junction ofBoreosyrtis andCadmus canals | |
| Pyriphlegethon | /ˌpɪrɪˈflɛdʒɪθɒn/ | NW to SE: connectingPropontis andLacus Phoenicis | FromPyriphlegethon ("fieryPhlegethon"), a mythical river of Hades |
| Python | /ˈpaɪθɒn/ | From the monsterPython whichApollo killed | |
| Rha | /ˈreɪ/ | From a classical name for the riverVolga | |
| Rhyndacus | /ˈrɪndəkəs/ | From the classical riverRhyndacus inAnatolia |
| Scamander | /skəˈmændər/ | S to N fromMare Chronium toMare Cimmerium, betweenElectris andEridania | From the riverScamander in theTroad |
| Sesamus | /ˈsɛsəməs/ | From a Paphlagonian river | |
| Simoïs | /ˈsɪmoʊɪs/ | S to N fromMare Chronium toMare Cimmerium betweenPhaëthontis andElectris | From the river Simoïs in theTroad |
| Sirenius | /saɪˈriːniəs/ | N to S: connects theTanais canal nearNerigos with the E end ofMare Sirenum | Means "of theSirens |
| Siris | /ˈsaɪərɪs/ | From an Italian river in Lucania | |
| Sitacus | /ˈsɪtəkəs/ | NE to SW: connectsColoë Palus toFastigium Aryn | From the name of a river inPersis |
| Steropes | /ˈstɛroʊpiːz/ | From the name of a Cyclops | |
| Styx | /ˈstɪks/ | From the mythical riverStyx in Hades | |
| Surius | /ˈsjʊəriəs/ | From a river ofColchis | |
| Tanaïs | /ˈtæneɪ.ɪs/ | FromTanais, an old name for the riverDon in Sarmatia | |
| Tantalus | /ˈtæntələs/ | FromTantalus, a mythical king imprisoned in Hades | |
| Tartarus | /ˈtɑːrtərəs/ | N to S: connectsTrivium Charontis toTitanum Sinus | FromTartarus, a name for the Underworld |
| Tedanius | /tɪˈdeɪniəs/ | From an Illyrian river | |
| Thermodon | /θɛərˈmoʊdɒn/ | ||
| Thoth | /ˈθɒθ/ | From the name of the Egyptian godThoth | |
| Thyanis | /ˈθaɪənɪs/ | Possibly an error for Thyamus, the name of a river of Epirus | |
| Titan | /ˈtaɪtən/ | From theTitans, the relatives and opponents of the gods | |
| Tithonius | /taɪˈθoʊniəs/ | ||
| Triton | /ˈtraɪtɒn/ | NW to SE: connectsNepenthes canal to the W end ofMare Cimmerium | From the seadeityTriton |
| Tyndis | /ˈtɪndɪs/ | ||
| Typhon | /ˈtaɪfɒn/ | E to W: connectsDeltoton Sinus toSirbonis Palus | |
| Typhonius | /taɪˈfoʊniəs/ | ||
| Ulysses | /juːˈlɪsiːz/ | FromUlysses, the Roman name forOdysseus | |
| Uranius | /jʊəˈreɪniəs/ | E to W: connectsLunae Lacus toAscraeus Lacus | |
| Xanthus | /ˈzænθəs/ | N to S: connectsMare Tyrrhenum toPromethei Sinus, betweenEridania andAusonia | Means "yellow" |
| Xenius | /ˈziːniəs/ | NE to SW: connectsArethusa Lacus toDirce Fons |
