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List of Jewish cuisine dishes

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Below is alist of dishes found inJewish cuisine.

Traditional Ashkenazi dishes

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Ashkenazi Jews are the Jews descended from the medieval Jewish communities of theRhineland in the west ofGermany.[1] Ashkenazim or Ashkenazi Jews are literally referring to "German Jews." Many Ashkenazi Jews later migrated, largely eastward, forming communities in non German-speaking areas, including Bohemia (Czech Republic), Hungary, Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Russia, Ukraine, Romania, Belarus, and elsewhere between the 10th and 19th centuries. As many of these countries share similar dishes, and were occupied by the Russian and Austro-Hungarian Empires until the end ofWorld War I, the place where the dish originated is uncertain.

NameImageOriginDescription
BabkaEastern EuropeCinnamon and chopped nuts or Chocolate swirled into achallah (egg) bread/cake.
BagelPolandCircle of boiled and baked yeastbread
BialyPolandSimilar to the bagel, but without the hole, filled with onions and other ingredients before baking
BlintzRussia,Ukraine,HungaryThin egg pancake wrapped around a sweet mixture of farmer's cheese, potato, or fruit pie filling, similar to acrêpe, but with the ends tucked in and fried again in butter; often served with sour cream.
BrisketCentral and Eastern EuropeBraised meat from the chest area of a cow
BublitchkiBelarus,Russia,Ukraine,LithuaniaMini hardbagel-shaped sweet breads, commonly eaten with tea or coffee.
ChallahSouthern GermanyBraided egg bread
CharosetApple and nut dish generally served atPassover
Chicken soupA traditional soup for the Sabbath evening dinner, usually spiced with parsley and/or dill, and served withkneidlach orkreplach and vegetables.
Cholent/ChaminA slow-cooked stew of meat, potatoes, beans and barley often served on the Sabbath
Chopped liverChopped or minced roasted beef or chicken liver, mixed with hard boiled eggs, onions, and spices.
ChrainEuropePickled chopped horseradish, sometimes with beets.
EyerlekhUnlaid eggs found inside just-slaughtered chickens, typically cooked in soup
FarfelSmall pellet-shaped egg pasta. A Passover version made from matzo is called matzo farfel.
Gedempte fleischAshkenazic pot roast, traditionally made with beef, various vegetables, tomato paste, and spices.
Gefilte fishCentral andEastern EuropeOriginally a stuffed fish, filled with a mixture of chopped fish, eggs, onions, matzo meal or crumbs, and spices. Nowadays, it usually refers to poached fish cakes or a fish loaf, sometimes made with matzo meal
GoulashHungarySpicy meat stew
GribenesChicken or goose skin cracklings with fried onions, a kosher food somewhat similar to pork rinds. A byproduct of the preparation ofschmaltz by rendering chicken or goose fat.
HamantashenTriangular pastry filled with poppy seed or prune paste, or fruit jams, eaten during Purim
HelzelStuffed poultry neck skin. Stuffing typically includes flour, semolina, matzo meal or bread crumbs, schmaltz, fried onions and spices.
Holishkes
Huluptzes
EuropeStuffed cabbage orcabbage roll: cabbage leaves rolled around a mixture of rice and meat, baked with tomatoes
KashaRussia,UkraineBuckwheat groats cooked in water (like rice) and mixed with oil and sometimes fried onions and mushrooms
Kasha varnishkasRussia,UkraineA combined dish ofkasha with noodles, typicallyfarfalle.
KichelA cookie commonly made with egg and sugar rolled out flat and cut into large diamond shapes. Although sweet they are typically eaten with a savoury dip or topping.
KishkeBeef intestines, stuffed with a mixture of matzah meal, spices and shmaltz, and boiled (like a sausage).
Kneidlach,matzah ballPale of SettlementDumpling made of matzah meal, eggs, and traditionally schmaltz, generally boiled and served in a chicken soup stock.
KnishPale of SettlementA kind of turnover, filled with one or more of the following: mashed potato, ground meat, sauerkraut, onions, kasha (buckwheat groats) or cheese, and baked or deep fried.
KreplachBoiled dumpling similar topierogi orgyoza, filled with meat or mashed potatoes and served in chicken broth
KremzalechHollandA potato and shredded chicken pattie fried in oil, typically made for Passover
KugelBaked sweet or savory casserole made of noodles or potatoes with vegetables, fruits, fresh cheese, or other items
Latkes
(Potato pancake)
Fried potato pancakes, usually eaten at Hanukkah with sour cream or apple sauce.
Lekach
Honey cake
Sponge cake with honey, cinnamon and tea.
Lokshen kugelPolandA sweet baked noodle dish often made with egg noodles, curd cheese, raisins, egg, salt, cinnamon, sugar, sour cream, and butter. Other versions are made without dairy ingredients and with other fruits such as apples.
LoxThin slices of cured salmon fillet
MacaroonsSweet egg and almond/coconut cookies usually madeKosher for Passover.
Mandelbrot (cookie)Russia,UkraineHard, baked almond bread like Italian biscotti. (Also called mandel bread.)
MandlachHome-made "soup almonds" (soup mandel, soup nuts)
Matzah breiAPassover breakfast dish made of roughly broken pieces ofmatzah soaked in beaten eggs and fried.
MiltzSpleen, often stuffed with matzah meal, onions, and spices.
Onion rolls (Pletzlach)Flattened rolls of bread strewn with poppy seeds and chopped onion and kosher salt.
PastramiRomaniaSmoked spiced deli meat used in sandwiches, e.g. "pastrami on rye".
Pickled herring (Silodka)Russia,UkrainePickled deboned herring with onions; also mixed with sour cream.
PletzelUnrisen flatbread with sparse savoury toppings like onion
P'tcha (Galareta)TurkeyCalves foot jelly
RugelachPolandFlaky pastry spread with cinnamon sugar and chocolate chips or jam, rolled, and baked.
ShlishkesHungaryA twisted dumpling made with a potato dough (similar to gnocchi but for the shape) and covered with butter and breadcrumbs.
SchmaltzRendered goose or chicken fat (grease)
SchnitzelAustriaPounded cutlets of meat dipped in egg and crumbs or matzo meal and fried. Traditionally made with veal, it is nowadays usually made with boneless chicken breast.
Sorrel soupEastern EuropeAlso known asshchav,green borscht orgreen shchi, it is made from broth or water, sorrel leaves, and salt. Varieties of the same soup include spinach, garden orache, chard, nettle, and occasionally dandelion, goutweed or ramsons, together with or instead of sorrel. It may include further ingredients such as egg yolks or whole eggs, potatoes, carrots, parsley root, and rice.
Soup mandelSee also mandelach
SufganiotFried doughnuts, generally eaten at Hanukkah in Israel
Teiglach

Lithuania

Small sweet boiled pastries
TzimmesSweet stew of carrots and yams, sometimes with raisins or other dried fruit such as prunes or apricots. It is usually vegetarian but can also be made with beef.
VarenikiUkraine
VorschmackRussia,UkraineAlso known asgehakte herring,chopped herring orherring butter. Strong tasting creamy herring spread, served on crackers or bread. Commonly used as a spread.
YapchikHungary,PolandYapchik is a potato-based Ashkenazi Jewish meat dish similar to both cholent and kugel, and of Hungarian Jewish and Polish Jewish origin. It is considered a comfort food, and yapchik has increased in popularity over the past decade, especially among members of the Orthodox Jewish community in North America.

Sephardi and Mizrahi dishes

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This section makes reference to the cuisine of the Jews from the Mediterranean and the Middle East.

Sephardim are a subgroup of Jews originating in theIberian Peninsula (modernSpain andPortugal). After being expelled from Spain and Portugal, they resettled in the Mediterranean basin, most prominently in Turkey, Greece, Morocco and Algeria.

Mizrahim is an umbrella term for theJudeo-Arabic andJudeo-Persian speaking Jewish communities from theMiddle East,North Africa, theCaucasus andCentral Asia. Although Mizrahi Jews are not descended from the Jews expelled from the Iberian Peninsula, they are also called Sephardi to contrast them to the Ashkenazi culture and religious rites.

As in the case of Ashkenazi cuisine, the place of birth of the recipes of the Sephardi and Mizrahi cuisine is generally uncertain.

NameImageOriginDescription
AdafinaSpaina version ofhamin popular amongSpanish Jews
Baba ghanoushTheLevant (Syria,Lebanon,Middle East,Jordan)Broiled eggplant mixed with garlic, lemon, tahini, and spices. Israeli Baba Ganouj is made with mayonnaise instead of tahini and is sometimes called salat hatzilim (eggplant salad).
BaklavaTurkeySweet dessert pastry made of layers of filo filled with chopped nuts, drizzled with syrup or honey
BourekasTurkey,Greece,Algeria,TunisiaSmall parcels of flakey pastry, filled with either cheese, potatoes, mushrooms or spinach, then baked or fried
Carciofi alla giudiaItalya deeply friedartichoke
CouscousAlgeria,Morocco,TunisiaCrushed durum wheat semolina, steamed and served with vegetable or meat soup or stew
FalafelEgypt,Israel,Palestine,Lebanon[2][3]Deep fried chickpea balls.
FazuelosMoroccoPastries of thin fried dough.
Gondi(Iran,Azerbaijan &Dagestan)Ground chickpea and chicken ball, seasoned with cardamom, cooked and served as a traditional Persian and a Caucasian soup.
HaminaSephardi orIsraeli version of cholent
HummusEgypt, theLevant andTurkeyDip made of mashed chickpeas, tahini, lemon juice and paprika
Israeli saladArab salad (mostly popular in theLevant (Syria,Lebanon,Middle East,Jordan)Chopped cucumber and tomato cold dish, often served for breakfast
JachnunYemenThinly rolled out dough, brushed with butter, oil, or margarine, rolled up like strudel and baked
Jerusalem mixed grillIsraelIt consists of chicken hearts, spleens and liver mixed with bits of lamb cooked on a flat grill, seasoned with onion, garlic, black pepper, cumin, turmeric, olive oil and coriander.[4]
KubbaIraqRound or oval savory croquettes made of semolina or bulghur [cracked wheat] dough, filled with minced onions and spicy minced lean meat (beef, lamb, goat or camel meat) and served raw, fried or cooked in savory sauce.
KubbaBamiaIraqA stew made ofsemolinakubba,okra cooked in tomato sauce.
KubbaShwandarIraqA stew ofsemolinakubba cooked withbeet
KubbaMatfuniyaIraqBall-shaped kubba
KubbaHamustaIraqA stew ofsemolinakubba cooked insour sauce
MafrumLibyaA stuffed vegetable dish made fromroot vegetables, typically potatoes, filled withground meat and then fried andsimmered in a tomato-based sauce.
Ma'amoulTheLevant (Syria,Lebanon,Middle East,JordanDate filled cookies
MalawachYemenA flaky fried bread, similar to puff pastry, made by folding multiple layers of thin dough with butter, then cooking in a hot skillet.
MoflettaMoroccoA thin crêpe made from water, flour and oil, traditionally eaten during the Mimouna celebration, the day after Passover. Mofletta is usually served with honey syrup
Oshi sabo/Oshi savoUzbekistanthehamin ofBukharan Jews
PitaMiddle Eastis a family of yeast-leavened roundflatbreads baked fromwheat flour, common in theMediterranean,Middle East, and neighboring areas.
RavikosTurkey,ItalySlow-braised spinach stems, cooked in broth or water.
SabichIraqA sandwich of spiced eggplant with hard boiled egg and pickles.
SambusacTheLevant (Syria,Lebanon,Middle East,Jordan),Turkey,EgyptSavory fried pastries made from flakey dough, similar to samosas, usually filled with chickpea paste or meat.
ShakshukaAlgeria,Libya,TunisiaEggs sauteed in a spicy tomato sauce
TaboulehLebanonBulghur wheat mixed with parsley and other vegetables in a cold salad.
TebitIraqthehamin ofIraqi Jews

See also

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References

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  1. ^Mosk, Carl (2013).Nationalism and economic development in modern Eurasia. New York: Routledge. p. 143.ISBN 9780415605182.In general the Ashkenazi originally came out of the Holy Roman Empire, speaking a version of German that incorporates Hebrew and Slavic words, Yiddish.
  2. ^McDonaldization: The Reader p.387
  3. ^Guttman, Vered (April 24, 2012)."No Matter Where It Originated, Falafel Is Still Israel's National Food".Haaretz. RetrievedFebruary 17, 2023.Israelis who argue falafel is their own face strong objections from Egyptians, Palestinians and Lebanese, who themselves claim to be the sole owners of these fried chickpea balls.
  4. ^Daniel Rogov (2007-03-22)."Dining Out / Mixed Jerusalem grill in Tel Aviv". Haaretz. Retrieved2013-03-20.

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