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List of Indian residential schools in Canada

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Abbreviation	Religious denomination
(AN)	Anglican Church
(BP)	Baptist
(MD)	Methodist
(OO)	Other
(PB)	Presbyterian Church
(RC)	Roman Catholic Church
(UC)	United Church of Canada

The following is a list of schools that operated as part of theCanadian Indian residential school system.^{[nb 1]}^[1]^[2] The first opened in 1828, and the last closed in 1997.^[3]^[4]^[5] These schools operated in allCanadian provinces and territories exceptPrince Edward Island, andNew Brunswick.^[6]

TheIndian Residential School Settlement Agreement (IRSSA) has formally recognized 139 residential schools across Canada, but this number excludes schools that operated without federal support.^[6]

The last school to close was Kivalliq Hall inRankin Inlet, in what's nowNunavut, which closed in 1997; it became a IRSSA-recognized school in 2019 following a court ruling, which is why earlier accounts describe the last school closing in 1996.^[6]

Schools in Newfoundland and Labrador were not included in the original settlement by theHarper government and instead reached a compensation deal with the federal government after a lawsuit in 2016.^[7]^[8]^[9]

List

[edit]

Name^[1]^[2]	Location	Province/Territory	Opened	Closed	Denomination	Documented Deaths^[10]	Gravesites
Assumption (Hay Lake) Indian Residential School^[11]	Assumption (Hay Lake)	AB	1951	1970	RC	2
Blue Quill (Lac la Biche/Saddle Lake/Sacred Heart) Indian Residential School (Hospice of St. Joseph; Lac la Biche/St. Paul's Boarding School)^[12]	Lac la Biche (1862-1898) Saddle Lake (1898-1931) (Saddle Lake) St. Paul (1898-1931)	AB	1862	1970 (became thefirst Native-administered school in Canada)	RC	43	Accidentally exhumed multiple graves in 2004;^[13] intentionally exhumed 1 grave in 2024^[14]
Holy Angels Indian Residential School (École des Saints-Anges / Our Lady of Victoria Indian Residential School)	Fort Chipewyan	AB	1902	1974	RC	83
Crowfoot (St. Joseph's) Indian Residential School (Blackfoot Residential School)^[15]	Blackfoot Crossing (1900-1909) Cluny (Siksika 146)	AB	1900	1968	RC	48
St. Joseph's (Dunbow) Industrial School (High River Industrial School)	High River	AB	1884	1922	RC	59	Flood exposed 34 graves in 1996^[16]
Edmonton (Poundmaker) Residential School^[17]^[18]	St. Albert (Poundmaker)	AB	1924 (formerly Red Deer Industrial School)	1968	MD	33
Ermineskin Indian Residential School	Hobbema (Ermineskin)	AB	1915	1973	RC	15
St. Mary’s (Blood) Indian Residential School (Immaculate Conception Boarding School)^[19]	Stand-Off (Blood)	AB	1898	1988	RC	49
Morley (Stoney) Residential School (McDougall Orphanage and Training Institution)	Morley (Stoney)	AB	1926	1949	MD	16
Old Sun (Blackfoot) Residential School^[20] (North Camp Residential School / White Eagle's Boarding School / Short Robe Boarding School)	Gleichen (Blackfoot)	AB	1894	1971	AN	41
Sacred Heart (Peigan) Residential School^[21]	Brocket (Peigan)	AB	1892	1961	RC	41
Red Deer Industrial School	Red Deer	AB	1893	1919 (Poundmaker school opened 5 years later)	MD	60
Sarcee (St. Barnabas) Residential School^[22]	Sarcee Junction,Calgary (Sarcee/T’suu Tina)	AB	1892	1921	AN	35
St. Albert (Youville) Residential School^[23]	St. Albert	AB	1873	1948	RC	73
Whitefish Lake (St. Andrew's) Residential School	Whitefish Lake (Whitefish Lake)	AB	1895	1950	AN	4
Grouard (St. Bernard’s) Residential School	Grouard	AB	1894	1957	RC	15	Radar detected 196 potential graves in 2022^[24]
Joussard (St. Bruno's) Residential School	Joussard	AB	1913	1969	RC	30	Radar detected 88 potential graves in 2022^[25]
St. Cyprian's (Queen Victoria’s Jubilee Home) Residential School (Victoria Jubilee Home for Indian Children)^[26]	Brocket (Peigan)	AB	1900 (new school built in 1926)	1962	AN	25
Sturgeon Lake (Calais) Residential School (St. François/Francis Xavier Boarding school)^[27]	Calais	AB	1907	1961	RC	45
Fort Vermilion (St. Henri) Residential School^[28]	Fort Vermilion	AB	1903	1968	RC	21
Wabasca (St. John’s) Residential School^[29]	Wabasca	AB	1902 (new school built in 1949)	1966	AN	11
Desmarais (St. Martin’s) Residential School	Desmarais-Wabasca	AB	1901	1973	RC	16
St. Paul's (Blood) Residential School (Church of England)	Cardston (Blood)	AB	1893	1975	AN	78
Lesser Slave Lake (St. Peter's) Residential School	Slave Lake	AB	1895	1932	AN	2
Alberni Indian Residential School	Port Alberni	BC	1900 (burned in 1917, rebuilt in 1920; burned in 1937, rebuilt in 1939)	1973	UC	40	Radar detected 17 potential graves in 2023^[30]
Ahousaht Indian Residential School	Ahousaht	BC	1901	1950	PB	8
Anahim Lake Dormitory (Ulkatcho) Residential School	Anahim Lake (Ulkatcho)	BC	1968	1977	RC	0
Christie (Clayoquot/Kakawis) Residential School^[31]	Meares Island (1900-1971) Tofino (1971-1983)	BC	1900	1983	RC	46
Kamloops (St. Louis) Residential School (Kamloops Industrial School)	Kamloops (Tk’emlúps te Secwépemc)	BC	1890	1978	RC	82	Radar detected 200 potential graves in 2021^[32]
Kitimaat Indian Residential School (Elizabeth Long Memorial School for Girls)^[33]	Kitimaat	BC	1908	1941	MD	12
Kootenay (St. Eugene's/St. Mary's Residential School)	Cranbrook	BC	1867	1984	RC	29	Accidentally exhumed 1 grave in 2020; Radar detected 182 potential graves in 2021^[34]
Kuper Island Indian Residential School	Penelakut Island	BC	1890	1975	RC	171^[35]	Radar detected 160 potential graves in 2021^[36]
Lejac (Stuart Lake) Residential School	Fraser Lake	BC	1917 (new building in 1922)	1976	RC	45
Lower Post Indian Residential School	Lower Post	BC	1951	1975	RC	3
Coqualeetza (Chilliwack Home) Residential School	Chilliwack	BC	1889	1940 (later became theCoqualeetza Hospital and is now theCoqualeetza Cultural Education Centre)	MD	42
Metlakatla Indian Residential School (Metlakatla Indian Girls' School)	Metlakatla	BC	1891	1962	OO
Port Simpson Residential School (Crosby Home for Girls)	Port Simpson	BC	1892	1948	MD	3
Presbyterian Coqualeetza Indian Residential School	Chilliwack	BC	1861	1940	PB
Roman Catholic Coqualeetza Indian Residential School	Chilliwack	BC	1890	1941	RC
St. Augustine's Indian Residential School	Sechelt	BC	1912	1975	RC	12	Radar detected 40 potential graves in 2023^[37]
St. Paul’s Indian Residential School	North Vancouver	BC	1898	1959	RC	4
St. George's (Lytton) Indian Residential School	Lytton	BC	1901 (new school built in 1928)	1979	AN	78
St. Mary's Mission Indian Residential School	Mission (Pekw'Xe:yles)	BC	1861	1984	RC	18
St. Michael's (Alert Bay) Indian Residential School	Alert Bay	BC	1929	1975	AN	18
Williams Lake Indian Residential School(Williams Lake Industrial School)	Cariboo	BC	1890	1981	RC	28	Radar detected 93 potential graves in 2022^[38]
Yale Indian Residential School	Yale	BC	1900	1920	AN	5^[39]
Yuquot Indian Residential School	Yuquot	BC	1901	1913	RC
Assiniboia Indian Residential School (Assiniboia Hostel)	Winnipeg	MB	1958 (September 2)	1973 (June 30)	RC	1
Birtle Indian Residential School	Birtle	MB	1888 (December 3)	1970	PB	47
Brandon Indian Residential School (Brandon Industrial School)	Brandon	MB	1895 (May 23)	1972 (June 30)	MD	94	Radar detected 104 potential graves in 2019^[40]
Cross Lake Indian Residential School (Norway House Roman Catholic Indian Residential School)	Cross Lake	MB	1915(March 9)	1969 (July 30)	RC	57
Elkhorn Indian Residential School (Elkhorn Industrial School / Washakada Indian Residential School)	Elkhorn	MB	1888	1919 (as CP Railway purchased land on which school was built)	AN	76
Elkhorn Indian Residential School (Washakada Indian Residential School)	Elkhorn	MB	1925	1949	AN	10
Fort Alexander Indian Residential School	Pine Falls	MB	1905	1970 (June)	RC	35	Radar detected 190 anomalies in 2022^[41]
Guy Hill Indian Residential School	The Pas andClearwater Lake	MB	1952 (Students were relocated fromSturgeon Landing, Saskatchewan to a temporary school inThe Pas until a newly built school inClearwater Lake in 1958)	1979 (June 30)	RC	2	Radar detected 71 potential graves in 2022;^[42] excavation of 14 found no evidence of human remains^[43]
Lake St. Martin Indian Residential School	Fisher River	MB	1874 (new school built in 1948)	1963	AN		Cadaver dogs detected multiple potential graves in 2024^[44]
MacKay Indian Residential School	The Pas	MB	1915	1933	AN	10
MacKay Indian Residential School	Dauphin	MB	1955	1989	AN	1
Norway House Methodist Indian Residential School	Norway House	MB	1900	1967 (June 30)	MD	23
Pine Creek Indian Residential School (Camperville Indian Residential School)	Camperville	MB	1890	1969 (August 31)	RC	50
Portage la Prairie Methodist Indian Residential School	Portage la Prairie	MB	1891	1975 (June 30)	MD
Portage la Prairie Presbyterian Indian Residential	Portage la Prairie	MB	1895	1950	PB	5
Sandy Bay Indian Residential School	Sandy Bay Reserve	MB	1905	1970 (June 30)	RC	22	Radar detected 13 potential graves in 2022^[45]
St. Boniface Industrial School	St. Boniface	MB	1891	1909	RC	87^[46]
St. Paul's Industrial School (St. Rupert's Land Industrial School)	Selkirk	MB	1886	1906	AN
Waterhen Indian Residential School	Waterhen	MB	1890	1900	RC
Lockwood School*	Cartwright	NL		1964	OO
Makkovik Boarding School*	Makkovik	NL		1960	OO
Nain Boarding School*	Nain	NL		1973	OO
St. Anthony's Orphanage*	St. Anthony	NL		1979	OO
Yale School*	North West River	NL		1980	OO
Aklavik Anglican Indian Residential School (All Saints Indian Residential School)	Shingle Point	NWT	1927 (moved toAklavik in 1934 due to overcrowding	1959	AN	59
Aklavik Catholic Indian Residential School (later Inuvik Indian Residential School)	Aklavik	NWT	1925 (relocated toInuvik in 1959; Stringer Hall was Anglican Residence and Grollier Hall the RC residence)	1996 (June 1975 (Stringer Hall); June 30 1996 (Grollier Hall))	RC	20
Fort McPherson Indian Residential School; (Including residence, Fleming Hall);	Fort McPherson	NWT	1898	1970	OO (non-denominational)	1
Fort Providence Indian Residential School (Providence Mission Indian Residential School)	Fort Providence	NWT	1867	1953	RC	88	Radar detected 150^[47] to 298^[48] potential graves in 2021
Fort Resolution Indian Residential School	Fort Resolution	NWT	1867	1957	RC	67	Intentionally exhumed 7 graves in 2025^[49]
Fort Simpson Indian Residential School (Fort Simpson Boarding School, including residences Bompas Hall, Lapointe Hall, St. Margaret's Hall)	Fort Simpson	NWT	1920	1970	RC	3
Fort Smith Indian Residential School (Breynat Hall)	Fort Smith	NWT	1957	1970	RC	1
Hay River Indian Residential School (St. Peter's Mission Indian Residential School)	Hay River	NWT	1898	1949	AN	42
Akaitcho Hall (dormitory for Sir John Franklin High School)	Yellowknife	NWT	1958	1994	Federal/GNWT	4
Shubenacadie Indian Residential School	Shubenacadie	NS	1922	1968	RC	23
Chesterfield Inlet Indian Residential School (including residence: Turquetil)	Chesterfield Inlet	NU	1929	1970	RC	3
Frobisher Bay Indian Residential School	Frobisher Bay	NU	1965	1992 The building now houses the Nunatta Residence of the Nunavut Arctic College.(students were transferred to a new hostel, which operated until 1996.)	RC	2
Kivalliq Hall	Rankin Inlet	NU	1985	1997	OO	0
Albany Mission Indian Residential School (Fort Albany Residential School)	Fort Albany	ON	1912	1963	RC	32
Alexandra Industrial School for Girls	Toronto	ON	1897	1910^[50]	OO
Alnwick Industrial School (in partnership withMount Elgin Indian Residential School)	Alderville	ON	1838	1966	MD
Bishop Horden Memorial School (Moose Factory Indian Residential School; Moose Fort Indian Residential School)	Moose Factory	ON	1907	1963	AN	57
Cecilia Jeffrey Indian Residential School (Shoal Lake)	Kenora	ON	1900	1966	PB	50
Chapleau Indian Residential School (Saint John's Indian Residential School)	Chapleau	ON	1907	1950	AN	56
Fort Frances Indian Residential School (St. Margaret's Indian Residential School)	Fort Frances	ON	1902	1974	RC	3
McIntosh Indian Residential School (Kenora Indian Residential School)	Kenora	ON	1925	1969	RC	45	Radar detected 114 potential graves in 2025^[51]
Mohawk Institute Residential School (Mohawk Manual Labour School; Mush Hole Indian Residential School)	Brantford	ON	1828	1970	AN	47	Accidentally exhumed 1 grave in 2020;^[52] radar search in progress^[53]
Mount Elgin Indian Residential School (in partnership with Alnwick)	Muncey Town	ON	1848	1948	MD	16
Shingwauk Indian Residential School	Garden River	ON	1873	1873 (burned down six days after opening)	AN	0
Shingwauk Indian Residential School	Sault Ste. Marie	ON	1873 (merged with Wawanosh to form a larger school in 1900)	1971 (currently housesAlgoma University)	AN	87
Wawanosh School for Girls	Sault Ste Marie	ON	1877	1900 (merged with Shingwauk)	AN	0
Sioux Lookout Indian Residential School (Pelican Lake Day School)	Sioux Lookout	ON	1911	1973	AN	11^[54]
Spanish Indian Residential Schools; St. Joseph Residential School 1916–1962 (girls school) still standing; St Charles Garnier College 1913–1958 (boys school)now demolished	Spanish	ON	1883	1965	RC	114
St. Anne’s Indian Residential School	Fort Albany	ON	1936	1964	RC	32
St. Joseph's Orphanage and Boarding School (for Indigenous and White Children)	Fort William	ON	1870	1968	RC	10
St. Mary's Indian Residential School	Kenora	ON	1894	1962	RC	46	Radar detected 171 and cadaver dogs detected 22 potential graves in 2023^[55]
Wikwemikong Indian Residential School (Wikwemikong Day School)	Manitowaning	ON	1840 (day school); 1879 (residential school)	1963	RC
Armstrong Indian Residential School (Armstrong Residential School; Armstrong Home and School)	Armstrong	ON	1880	1891	RC
Amos Indian Residential School (St. Marc's Indian Residential School)	St. Marc-de-Figuery (Amos)	QC	1948	1965	RC	0
Federal Hostel at George River	Kangirsualujjuaq	QC	1960	1960	OO (Non-Denominational)	0
Federal Hostel at Great Whale River	Kuujjuarapik (Poste-de-la-Baleine)	QC	1960	1970	OO (Non-Denominational)	0
Federal Hostel at Payne Bay	Kangirsuk (Bellin)	QC	1960	1960	OO (Non-Denominational)	0
Federal Hostel at Port Harrison	Inukjuak	QC	1960	1971	OO (Non-Denominational)	0
Fort George Hostels	Fort George	QC	1975	1978	OO (Non-Denominational)	0
St. Philip's Indian Residential School	Fort George	QC	1933 (burned in 1943, rebuilt in 1944)	1979	AN	28
Fort George (St. Joseph's Mission, Residence Couture, Sainte-Thérèse-de-l'Énfant-Jésus)	Fort George	QC	1936	1952	RC	21
La Tuque Indian Residential School	La Tuque	QC	1963	1978	AN	2
Pointe Bleue Indian Residential School	Mashteuiatsh	QC	1956	1965	RC	1
Sept-Iles Indian Residential School (Seven Islands, Notre Dame,Maliotenam)	Sept-Îles	QC	1952	1967	RC	1
Battleford Industrial School	Battleford	SK	1883	1914	AN	64	Intentionally exhumed 72 graves in 1974^[56]
Beauval Indian Residential School	Beauval	SK	1895	1983 (became Meadow Lake Tribal Council's Beauval Indian Education Centre which closed in 1995)	RC	60
Cowesses Indian Residential School (Marieval Indian Residential School)	Marieval	SK	1899	1981 (First Nation Operated 1981-1997)	RC	18	Radar detected 751 potential graves in 2021^[57]
Crowstand Indian Residential School	Kamsack	SK	1888	1916	PB	34
St. Michael's Indian Residential School (Duck Lake Indian Residential School)^[58]	Duck Lake	SK	1894	1982, turned over to the Saskatoon District Tribal Council. Closed in 1996.	RC	108
Emmanuel College	Prince Albert	SK	1879	1923	AN	18
File Hills Indian Residential School (File Hills Colony School)	Okanese Reserve	SK	1889	1949	PB	15
Gordon Indian Residential School	Punnichy	SK	1889 (new school built in 1911, burned down in 1929)	1996	AN	43	Radar detected 14 potential graves in 2022^[59]
Guy Hill Indian Residential School	Sturgeon Landing	SK	1926	1952 (burned down September 4, 1952; students were relocated to temporary school inThe Pas until a newly built school opened inClearwater Lake in 1958)	RC	2
Île-à-la-Crosse Indian Residential School	Île-à-la-Crosse	SK	1878	1976 (the boarding school section)	RC
Lac La Ronge (All Saints) Mission Indian Residential School	La Ronge	SK	1914 (new school built in 1920)	1947 (amalgamated with St. Albans to become Prince Albert Indian Residential School after fire)	AN	11	Radar detected multiple potential graves in 2021^[60]
Muscowequan Indian Residential School	Lestock	SK	1932	1981	RC	35	Accidentally exhumed 19 graves in 1992;^[61] Radar detected 15 potential graves in 2018^[62]
St. Albans Indian Residential School	Prince Albert	SK	1894	1951 (amalgamated with All Saints to become Prince Albert Indian Residential School)	AN	18
Prince Albert Indian Residential School	Prince Albert	SK	1951 (merger of All Saints and St. Albans)	1964	AN	0
Qu'Appelle Indian Residential School (Qu'Appelle Industrial School); Lebret Indian Residential School; (Added St. Paul's High School in 1951)	Lebret	SK	1884 (burned down in 1904, 1932)	1969 (Re-opened under the operations of the reserve in 1973 as White Calf Collegiate, but that closed in August 1998)	RC	109	Accidentally exhumed 1 grave and radar detected 2000 anomalies in 2022^[63]
Regina Indian Residential School	Regina	SK	1890	1910, demolished in 1948	PB	24	Radar detected 38 potential graves in 2012^[64]
Round Lake Indian Residential School	Whitewood	SK	1886	1950	MD	5
St. Anthony's Indian Residential School (Onion Lake Catholic Indian Residential School) (Joseph Dion was pupil No. 7)^[65]	Onion Lake	SK	1891	1968	RC	0
St. Barnabas Indian Residential School (Onion Lake Indian Residential School)	Onion Lake	SK	1893 (burned down in 1943)	1951	AN	0
St. Phillips Indian Residential School (Keeseekoose Day School)	Kamsack	SK	1899	1965	RC	6	Radar detected 54 potential graves in 2022^[66]
Thunderchild Indian Residential School (Delmas Indian Residential School)	Delmas	SK	1901	1948 (burned down by students)	RC	23	Intentionally exhumed 1 body in 2021^[67]
Aklavik Anglican Indian Residential School (All Saints Indian Residential School)	Shingle Point	NWT	1927	1934 (moved toAklavik due to overcrowding)	AN	59
Baptist Indian Residential School (Yukon Indian Residential School)	Whitehorse	YT	1900	1968	BP	1
Carcross Indian Residential School (Forty Mile Boarding School)	Fortymile	YT	1891	1910 (moved toCarcross)	AN	3
Carcross Indian Residential School (Chooutla Indian Residential School; Caribou Crossing Indian Residential School)	Carcross	YT	1910	1969	AN	24	Radar detected 15 potential graves in 2023^[68]
St. Paul's Indian Residential School (St. Paul's Hall)	Dawson	YT	1920	1943	AN	6
Yukon Hall (residences for local day school students)	Whitehorse	YT	1956	1965	AN	0
Tranquille School for Mentally Handicapped Indians (Stsmemelt Village)	Kamloops	BC	1972	1978	OO (Non-Denominational)

Notes on terminology

[edit]

^Indian has been used because of the historical nature of the article and the precision of the name. It was, and continues to be, used by government officials, Indigenous peoples and historians while referencing the school system. The use of the name also provides relevant context about the era in which the system was established, specifically one in whichIndigenous peoples in Canada were homogeneously referred to asIndians rather than by language that distinguishesFirst Nations,Inuit andMétis peoples. Use ofIndian is limited throughout the article to proper nouns and references to government legislation.

References

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^Cornet, Derek (23 December 2021)."Ground radar at historic La Ronge cemetery nearly complete". Prince Albert, SK: larongeNOW. Retrieved21 March 2022.
^Schillaci-Ventura, Vincent; Bray, Charles (10 April 2008)."Cemetery and Grave Site Research - IRS Narratives Review"(PDF). Indian Residential Schools Resolution Canada. p. 2. Retrieved20 March 2022.
^Snowdon, Wallis (9 March 2019)."'There was a heaviness': Alberta anthropologists locate unmarked graves of residential schoolchildren". CBC News. Retrieved19 March 2022.
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^Stewart, Douglas (2017).The Regina Indian Industrial School (1891 - 1910). Benchmark Press. p. 32.
^"Joseph Francis Dion".www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca.
^Ellis, Brendan (15 February 2022)."Sask. First Nation discovers 54 unmarked graves at the site of former residential schools". CTV News. Archived fromthe original on 15 February 2022.
^Mandes, Jeanelle (26 November 2021)."'Needles in haystacks' search for remains at Delmas residential school".Global News. Retrieved6 October 2025.
^Connors, Sara (27 September 2023)."Search of former Yukon residential school locates 15 potential unmarked graves:Fifteen anomalies were found at the former Chooutla Indian residential school in Carcross, Yukon".

External links

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Residential schools in Canada

Residential school system

Anglican Church of Canada Catholic Church in Canada Department of Indian Affairs Indian agent Pass system First Nations nutrition experiments Gravesites International Grenfell Association Presbyterian Church in Canada Racial separate schools in Canada Royal Canadian Mounted Police Sixties Scoop United Church of Canada
Documents	Gradual Civilization Act Gradual Enfranchisement Act Indian Act 1969 White Paper
People	Charles Bagot James Bruce, 8th Earl of Elgin Nicholas Flood Davin Edgar Dewdney Vital-Justin Grandin John A. Macdonald Peregrine Maitland Rawson W. Rawson Hayter Reed Egerton Ryerson Arthur Wellesley Vowell John West
Survivors	Phil Fontaine Phyllis Webstad Chanie Wenjack

Schools

Alberta	Assumption (Hays Lakes)
British Columbia	Ahousaht Kamloops Kootenay Lejac St. Augustine's St. Paul's St. Mary's St. Michael's (Alert Bay) St. Joseph's
Manitoba	Assiniboia Birtle Brandon Portage la Prairie St. Boniface
Nova Scotia	Shubenacadie
Ontario	Bishop Horden McIntosh Mohawk Institute Mount Elgin Pelican Lake Shingwauk Spanish St. Anne's St. John's
Saskatchewan	Battleford Beauval Gordon's Marieval Muscowequan Prince Albert Qu'Appelle

Responses

Legislation

Media portrayals

Books	Fatty Legs Five Little Indians Indian Horse Indigenous Peoples Atlas of Canada Kiss of the Fur Queen Not My Girl Secret Path A Stranger at Home Sugar Falls These Are My Words Wenjack When We Were Alone
Film	Bones of Crows Honour to Senator Murray Sinclair Indian Horse Returning Home Rhymes for Young Ghouls Savage Secret Path Sleeping Children Awake Snip Sugarcane WaaPaKe We Were Children Where the Spirit Lives
Music	Secret Path
Stage	Zahgidiwin/love
Television	Bones of Crows "Great and Sudden Change"

Organizations

Violence and discrimination againstIndigenous peoples in Canada

Background

Settler colonialism	Gradual Civilization Act Numbered Treaties Indian Act Role of the RCMP
Genocide	Residential school system gravesites list / Chanie Wenjack Forced sterilization First Nations nutrition experiments Sixties Scoop Kimelman Report High Arctic relocation RCMP dog killings
Racism	Stereotypes Pass system Potlatch ban Indian agents Indian hospitals

Specific
issues

Structural violence and discrimination	Birth alerts Child poverty Climate change Criminal sentencing Mass incarceration Food insecurity Foster care Healthcare inequality Brian Sinclair Joyce Echaquan Long-term DWAs
Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women	Highway of Tears list of victims Winnipeg serial killings Immaculate Basil Tina Fontaine Pamela Holopainen Barbara Kentner Tammy Lamondin-Gagnon Serena McKay Helen Betty Osborne Jean Virginia Sampare Loretta Saunders Amber Tuccaro Lisa Marie Young Activists
Police brutality and misconduct	Violence against Wetʼsuwetʼen protesters 2020 Gustafsen Lake standoff Ipperwash Crisis Inquiry Death of Regis Korchinski-Paquet Killing of Chantel Moore Saskatoon freezing deaths Neil Stonechild Judge David William Ramsay

Responses

Commissions and inquiries	IRSSA Truth and Reconciliation Commission Holiday National Inquiry into Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls
Legal	An Act to amend the Criminal Code for trafficking of minors Project E-Pana United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples Act Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples Act (British Columbia) United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples Implementation Act (Northwest Territories)

Movatterモバイル変換

List

See also

Notes on terminology

References

External links