This is a list ofHungarianchronicles and related gestas andlegends which treat early and medievalHungarian history. The original source of all extant Hungarianchronicles was the lostGesta Ungarorum, which was written in the 11th century.
The 14th-century Hungarian chronicle composition, which itself was produced by the compilation of several older gestas and chronicles made at different times,[1][2] It narrates history from biblical times.[3]
Themanuscripts were compared to theBuda Chronicle and theIlluminated Chronicle from the perspective of the kinship of texts; thus, a group of other Hungarian chronicles were named after the Buda Chronicle: the so-called Buda Chronicle family. And another group of other Hungarian chronicles were named after the Illuminated Chronicle: the so-called Illuminated Chronicle family, which preserved more extensive passages of text with several interpolations. The 14th-centuryAcephalus Codex, the 15th-centurySambucus Codex, theVatican Codex, and the aforementioned Dubnic Chronicle made in 1479 belong to the Buda Chronicle family.[4]
| Date | Image | Name | Author | Language | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 11th century | Ancient Gesta | The earliest Hungarian chronicle, its text was expanded and rewritten several times in the 12th–14th centuries. | |||
| 1080 | Greater Legend of Saint Stephen | Latin | |||
| 1083 | Lesser Legend of Saint Stephen | Latin | |||
| 11th century |  | Life of King Stephen of Hungary by Hartvik | Bishop Hartvik | Latin | |
| 1100s | Gesta Ladislai regis | Latin | |||
| 1200s |  | Gesta Hungarorum Latin for "The Deeds of the Hungarians" | Anonymus | Latin | The principal subject of the chronicle is theHungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin at the end of the 9th century, and it writes of theorigin of the Hungarians, identifying the Hungarians' ancestors with the ancientScythians andHuns. |
| 1203 | Annales Posonienses Latin for "Annals of Pozsony" | Early medievalannals written in theKingdom of Hungary. The annals contain short records of events occurring between 997 and 1203. | |||
| 1220s–1230s | Hungarian–Polish Chronicle original title Cronica Ungarorum juncta et mixta cum cronicis Polonorum, et vita sancti Stephani Latin for "Chronicle of the Hungarians Attached to and Mixed with Chronicles of the Poles, and the Life of Saint Stephen" | Latin | |||
| Around 1243–1244 |  | Carmen miserabile original title Carmen miserabile super destructione regni Hungariae per Tartaros Latin for "Sad Song for the Destruction of the Kingdom of Hungary by the Tartars" | Master Roger | Latin | It was preserved in an appendix of the 15th-centuryThuróczy Chronicle. |
| Around 1271 | Gesta Stephani V | Magister Ákos | |||
| Around 1282–1285 |  | Gesta Hunnorum et Hungarorum Latin for "Deeds of the Huns and Hungarians" | Simon of Kéza | Latin | |
| 1333–1334 | Minorite Chronicle of Buda | Latin | |||
| 14th century | 14th-century Hungarian chronicle composition | ||||
| 1330 |  | Anjou Legendarium | Latin | The medieval legendarium of more than 140 pages contains images and scenes of the life ofJesus, Hungarian bishopSaint Gerard, PrinceSaint Emeric of Hungary, KingSaint Ladislaus I of Hungary, and of many other legendaryChristians. | |
| 1334 | Zágráb Chronicle | ||||
| 1352–1353 | Mügeln Chronicle | Heinrich von Mügeln | German | ||
| 1350s–1360s | Acephalus Codex (Buda Chronicle family) | Latin | |||
| 1358 |  | Chronicon Pictum Latin for "Illuminated Chronicle" (Illuminated Chronicle family) | Mark of Kalt | Latin | A medieval illustrated chronicle from theKingdom of Hungary. It represents the artistic style of the royal court of KingLouis I of Hungary. The 147 pictures of the chronicle represent a large source of information on medieval Hungarian history. |
| 1361 | Chronicon Rithmicum | Heinrich von Mügeln | |||
| 1374 | Várad Chronicle | ||||
| 14th century | Long Life of Saint Gerard | ||||
| 14th century | Chronicon de Ludovico rege | John of Küküllő | Latin | ||
| 14th century | Anonymus Minorita Chronica | Latin | |||
| 14th century | Munich Chronicle | ||||
| 14th century | Kaprina Codex | ||||
| 1431 | Csepreg Codex (Illuminated Chronicle family) | ||||
| 1460 | Drági compendium | ||||
| 1462 | Teleki Codex (Illuminated Chronicle family) | Latin, Hungarian | |||
| 1473 | _-_Kolofon.jpg) | Buda Chronicle original title Chronica Hungarorum Latin for "Chronicle of the Hungarians" | András Hess | Latin | The first book ever printed in Hungary. This book is the first example, that the printing history of a country begin with the publication of the history of a people. |
| 1473 |  | Béldi Codex (Illuminated Chronicle family) | Latin | ||
| 1479 |  | Dubnic Chronicle original title Chronica de gestis Hungarorum Latin for "Chronicle of the Deeds of the Hungarians" (Buda Chronicle family) | |||
| 15th century | Knauz Chronicle | ||||
| 15th century | Szepesszombat Chronicle | German | |||
| Chronicon Posoniense | |||||
| 15th century | Vatican Codex | Latin | |||
| 15th century | Sambucus Codex (Buda Chronicle family) | Latin | |||
| 1488 |  | Thuróczy Chronicle original title Chronica Hungarorum Latin for "Chronicle of the Hungarians" (Illuminated Chronicle family) | Johannes Thuróczy | Latin | The chronicle describes the history ofHungarians from the earliest times to 1487. The chronicle contains hand-colored woodcuts depicting 41Hungarian kings and leaders. The Augsburg edition of the chronicle is the first known print made with gold paint. |
| 1490 |  | Epitome rerum Hungarorum Latin for "A Brief Summary of the History of the Hungarians" | Pietro Ranzano | Latin | The chronicle is the first Hungarian historical work with ahumanist spirit. |
| 1497 |  | Rerum Hungaricarum decades Latin for "Decades of Hungarian History" | Antonio Bonfini | Latin | Until the late 18th century, this work served as a primary source for Hungarian history in European academic circles. |
| 1510 | Legend of Saint Margaret | Hungarian | |||
| 1527 |  | Érdy Codex | Hungarian | The codex is the largest collection ofHungarian legends, and greatest volume ofHungarian language in history. | |
| 1534 |  | Der Hungern Chronica original title Der Hungern Chronica, inhaltend wie sie anfengklich ins Land kommen sind, mit Anzeygung aller irer König, vnd was sie namhafftigs gethon haben. Angefangen von irem ersten König Athila, vn[d] volfüret biss auff König Ludwig, so im 1526. Jar bey Mohatz vom Türcken vmbekommen ist Old German for "The Chronicle of the Hungarians, Which Includes the History of Their Conquest, Presents All Their Kings and What Remarkable Things They Accomplished. From Their First King, Attila, to King Louis, Who Met His Death at Mohács in 1526 by the Turks" | Hans Hauge zum Freistein | German | |
| 1543/1566 |  | Tarih-i Üngürüs Ottoman Turkish for "The History of the Hungarians" | Mahmud Tercüman | Ottoman Turkish | Mahmud Tercüman translated it from a Hungarian chronicle found after theSiege of Székesfehérvár in 1543. |
| 1559 | Székely Chronicle original title Chronica ez vilagnak jeles dolgairol Hungarian for "Chronicle About the Famous Events of the World" | István Székely | Hungarian | ||
| 1575 |  | Heltai Chronicle original title Chronica az magyaroknac dolgairol: mint iöttek ki a nagy Scythiábol Pannoniaban, Es mint foglaltac magoknac az orſzagot: Es mint birtác aßt Herczegröl Herczegre: Es Kiralyrol Kiralyra, nagy ſok tuſakodaſockal es ſzamtalan ſoc viadallyockal Old Hungarian for "Chronicle About the Deeds of the Hungarians: How They Came Out From Scythia to Pannonia, and How They Conquered the Country for Themselves: And How They Ruled It From for Prince to Prince, and From King to King, With Many Great Battles and Numerous Fights" | Gáspár Heltai | Hungarian | |
| 1664 |  | Nádasdy Mausoleum original title Mausoleum potentissimorum ac gloriosissimorum Regni Apostolici Regum et primorum militantis Ungariae Ducum Latin for "The Mausoleum of the Most Powerful and Glorious Apostolic Kingdom and the Kings and Military Leaders of Hungary" | CountFerenc Nádasdy | Latin, German | The chronicle contains 60 full-page images ofHungarian kings and leaders. |
| 1740 | Macar Tarihi Ottoman Turkish for "Hungarian History" | Ottoman Turkish |