The following list enumeratesHindu monarchies in chronological order of establishment dates. These monarchies were widespread inSouth Asia since about1500 BC ,[ 1] Kingdom of Nepal , dissolved only in the 2008.[ 2]
Debate about early Indian history [ edit ] Thehistory of India up to (and including) the times of theBuddha , with his life generally placed into the6th or5th century BCE , is a subject of a major scholarly debate. The vast majority of historians inthe Western world accept the theory ofAryan Migration withc. 1500-1200 BCE dates for the displacement of Indus civilization byAryans and the earliest texts of theRigveda . The Indian scholars, on the other hand, are mostly supporters of theIndigenous Aryanism that declares the indigenous nature of theIndian civilization and thec. 4000 BCE date for the earliest Rigvedas.[ 3]
Early Indian history does not have an equivalent ofchronicles like the ones established in the West byHerodotus in the 5th century BC orKojiki /Nihongi in Japan. "With the single exception ofRajatarangini (History of Kashmir), there is no historical text inSanskrit dealing with the whole or even parts of India" (R. C. Majumdar ).[ 4] Puranas , that profess to include the early Indian history, the Western scholars assume them to be compiled bybrahmins in the1st millennium CE , thus only being contemporary with the described facts from the time of theGuptas (3rd century CE ). These texts are considered by Western scholars to be legendary,[ 5] Puranic kings section.
Empire or Dynasty Established Disestablished Capital(s) Language(s) Today part of Map Kuru kingdom [ 6] 2500 BCE[citation needed 340 BCE Āsandīvat ,Hastinapura ,Indraprastha Vedic Sanskrit ,Sanskrit India Brihadratha dynasty 1700 BCE[citation needed 682 BCE[citation needed Girivraja Vedic Sanskrit India Gopala Dynasty 1500 BCE[citation needed 841 BCE[citation needed Pashupatinath Temple ,Gaushala ,Kathmandu Sanskrit Nepal Pundravardhana Kingdom 1300 BCE[citation needed 345 BCE Mahasthangarh Pali ,Sanskrit Bangladesh India Anga Kingdom [ 7] 1100 BCE[citation needed 530 BCE Champa Prakrit ,Sanskrit India Vidarbha Kingdom 1100 BCE[citation needed 500 BCE Kaundinyapur Sanskrit India Khasa Kingdom 1100 BCE[citation needed 500 BCE Kedarnath ('Kedare-Khasa-Mandale')Sanskrit ,Prakrit ,Khas language Nepal India Panchala Kingdom [ 8] 1100 BCE[citation needed 350 CE Ahichatra ,Kampila Sanskrit India Nepal Mahisapala dynasty 841 BCE[citation needed 679 BCE Kathmandu Sanskrit Nepal India Gandhara Kingdom [ 9] 800 BCE[citation needed 535 BCE Puṣkalavati ,Takṣaśilā ,Puruṣapura Sanskrit Afghanistan Pakistan Kingdom of Kosala [ 10] 700 BCE[citation needed 345 BCE Shravasti ,Ayodhya Sanskrit India Nepal Vajjika League c. 6th century BCE c. 468 BCE Vaishali Sanskrit India Nepal Matsya Kingdom [ 11] 700 BCE[citation needed 345 BCE ViratNagar Sanskrit India Surasena Kingdom 700 BCE[citation needed 345 BCE Mathura Sanskrit India Avanti Kingdom [ 12] 700 BCE[citation needed 300 BCE Ujjayini Sanskrit India Asmaka Kingdom [ 13] 700 BCE[citation needed 300 BCE Potali Sanskrit India Kingdom of Vatsa [ 14] 700 BCE[citation needed 345 BCE Kauśāmbī Sanskrit India Kingdom of Kashi [ 15] 700 BCE[citation needed 345 BCE Banaras Sanskrit India Chedi Kingdom [ 16] 700 BCE[citation needed 345 BCE Suktimati Sanskrit India Pradyota dynasty 682 BCE[citation needed 544 BCE Rajagriha Prakrit ,Sanskrit India Nepal Pandyan dynasty 600 BCE[citation needed 1759 CE Korkai ,Madurai ,Tirunelveli ,Vizhinjam Tamil India Chera Dynasty 600 BCE[citation needed 1753 CE Karur ,Kodungallur ,Kollam Tamil India Haryanka Dynasty 554 BCE[citation needed 413 BCE Rajagriha ,Pataliputra Prakrit ,Sanskrit India Nepal Shishunaga dynasty 413 BCE[citation needed 345 BCE Rajgir ,Vaishali ,Pataliputra Prakrit ,Sanskrit India Nepal Paurava dynasty [ 17] 400 BCE 301 BCE Sagala ,Mathura Sanskrit India Pakistan Chola dynasty 400 BCE[citation needed 1540 CE Thanjavur ,Gangaikonda Cholapuram ,Pazhaiyaarai Tamil India Malavas [verification needed 350 BCE[citation needed 650 CE Vidisha Sanskrit India
[ edit ] Empire or Dynasty Established Disestablished Capital(s) Language(s) Today part of Map Kuninda Kingdom 2nd century BCE 3rd century CE southern areas of modernHimachal Pradesh Prakrit ,Sanskrit India Shunga Empire 185 BCE 75 BCE Pataliputra ,Vidisha Prakrit ,Sanskrit India Bangladesh Nepal Bhutan Deva Dynasty of Saketa 150 BCE[citation needed 10 BCE Ayodhya Sanskrit India Satavahana Empire 100 BCE[citation needed 225 CE Pratishthana ,Amaravati Prakrit ,Sanskrit India Kanva Dynasty 75 BCE[citation needed 30 BCE Pataliputra orVidisha Sanskrit India Northern Satrap Dynasty 60 BCE 2nd century CE Sagala ,Mathura Prakrit ,Sanskrit India Pakistan Chutu dynasty 30 BCE[citation needed 280 CE Banavasi Prakrit India Kushan Empire 30 CE 375 CE Puruṣapura ,Takṣaśilā ,Mathura Greek ,Bactrian ,Gandhari Prakrit , HybridSanskrit India Pakistan Afghanistan Kyrgyzstan Tajikistan Uzbekistan Iran
Western Satraps 35 CE 405 CE Ujjain ,Barygaza Pali ,Prakrit ,Sanskrit India Pakistan Funan Empire 50 CE 550 CE Vyadhapura Khmer ,Sanskrit Laos Cambodia Thailand Vietnam Myanmar Nagvanshi Dynasty 94 CE[citation needed 1952 CE Khukhragarh ,Navratangarh Prakrit ,Nagpuri India Parataraja Kingdom 125 CE 300 CE Loralai Pali ,Prakrit ,Sanskrit ,Scythian Pakistan Afghanistan Langkasuka Kingdom 150 CE 1475 CE - Malay Malaysia Thailand Kingdom of Gangga Negara 150 CE 1025 CE Beruas Malay Malaysia Kingdom of Champa 192 CE 1832 CE Indrapura ,Vijaya ,Panduranga Chamic languages ,Sanskrit Vietnam Laos Cambodia Andhra Ikshvaku Dynasty 200 CE 275 CE Vijayapuri (Nagarjunakonda)Prakrit ,Sanskrit ,Telugu India Abhira dynasty 203 CE 370 CE Anjaneri ,Thalner ,Prakashe ,Bhamer ,Asirgarh Ahirani ,Apabhraṃśa Sanskrit
India Bharashiva Dynasty 205 CE 335 CE Padmavati Prakrit ,Sanskrit India Soma Dynasty 205 CE 305 CE Kathmandu Sanskrit Nepal Gupta Empire 240 CE 550 CE Pataliputra Prakrit ,Sanskrit India Bangladesh Pakistan Nepal Afghanistan Paurava Dynasty (reinstated) [ 18] c. 4th century CE c. 7th century CE Brahmapur Sanskrit India Pallava Empire 275 CE 897 CE Kanchipuram Tamil ,Prakrit ,Sanskrit India Licchavi dynasty 305 CE 1200 CE Kathmandu Maithili ,Sanskrit ,Prakrit
Nepal India Bhutan Kataha 330 CE 1136 CE Kataha Old Malay ,Sanskrit Malaysia Kadamba Dynasty 345 CE 525 CE Banavasi Kannada ,Sanskrit India Kingdom of Malwa (350–545) 350 CE 550 CE Mandsaur Sanskrit India Kamarupa Kingdom 350 CE 1140 CE Pragjyotishpura ,Haruppeswara ,Durjaya Assamese ,Prakrit ,Sanskrit India Bhutan Bangladesh Myanmar Tarumanagara Kingdom 358 CE 669 CE Sundapura Sundanese ,Sanskrit Indonesia Kutai Martadipura 399 CE 1635 CE Muara Kaman Sanskrit , probably old version ofKutainese language Indonesia Vishnukundina Dynasty 420 CE 624 CE Nalgonda,Eluru ,Amaravati Sanskrit ,Prakrit ,Telugu India Sharabhapuriya Dynasty 465 CE 590 CE Sharabhapura Sanskrit India Kingdom of Valabhi 475 CE 776 CE Vallabhi Apabhraṃśa ,Prakrit ,Sanskrit ,Sauraseni India
[ edit ] Empire or Dynasty Established Disestablished Capital(s) Language(s) Today part of Map Kingdom of Thanesar 500 606 Thanesar Kannauj Sanskrit India Pakistan Nala Kingdom 515 585 Pushkari Sanskrit India Rai Dynasty 524 632 Aror Sanskrit Pakistan Chalukya Dynasty 543 753 Badami Kannada ,Sanskrit India Kalachuri Dynasty 550 620 Mahishmati Sanskrit India Chenla Empire 550 802 Shrestapura ,Bhavapura ,Isanapura ,Shambhupura Khmer ,Sanskrit Cambodia Thailand Laos Vietnam Chahamana Dynasty 550 1194 Shakambhari Prakrit ,Sanskrit India Kalingga Kingdom 550 650 - Old Javanese ,Sanskrit Indonesia Gauda Kingdom 590 626 Karnasuvarna - India Bangladesh Taank Kingdom 600 900 Sagala - Pakistan India
Panduvamshi Dynasty 600 790 Shripura Sanskrit India Eastern Chalukya Empire 624 1189 Vengi ,Rajahmundry Sanskrit ,Telugu India Karkota Empire 625 885 Srinagar ,Parihaspore Sanskrit India Pakistan Brahman Dynasty of Sindh 632 724 Aror Sanskrit India Pakistan
Srivijaya Empire 650 1377 Palembang ,Chaiya ,Jambi Old Malay ,Sanskrit Indonesia Malaysia Singapore Thailand Cambodia Philippines Vietnam Brunei Taiwan Galuh Kingdom 669 1482 Kawali Sundanese ,Sanskrit Indonesia Sunda Kingdom 669 1579 Kawali ,Pakuan Pajajaran Sundanese ,Sanskrit Indonesia Kalachuri Tripuri Dynasty 675 1212 Tripuri Prakrit ,Sanskrit India Garhwal Kingdom 688 CE 1949 CE Srinagar, Uttarakhand Tehri Narendranagar Garhwali ,Jaunsari ,Sanskrit India Chavda Dynasty 690 942 Panchasar ,Aṇahilaváḍa Prakrit India Mallabhum Kingdom 694 1800 Laugram ,Pradyumnapur ,Bishnupur Sanskrit ,Prakrit India Bangladesh Katyuri kings (Karttikeyapur)700 CE 1065 CE Joshimath later shifted toBaijnath, Uttarakhand Khas ,Sanskrit ,Prakrit India Nepal Chand kings 700 CE 1790 CE Champawat Kumaoni ,Dotyali ,Nepali India Nepal Tibet Limbuwan 7th Century CE 1774 Morang ,Bijaypur Limbu ,Lepcha ,Maithili Nepal India Bhutan Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty 730 1036 Kannauj Prakrit ,Sanskrit India Afghanistan Pakistan Mataram Kingdom 732 1006 Mamratipura Old Javanese ,Sanskrit Indonesia Saindhava Dynasty 735 920 Bhutamabilika Prakrit ,Sanskrit India Tomara Dynasty 736 1151 Delhi Prakrit ,Sanskrit India Rashtrakuta Empire 753 982 Manyakheta Kannada ,Sanskrit India Khmer Empire 802 1431 Mahendraparvata ,Hariharalaya ,Koh Ker ,Yasodharapura Khmer ,Sanskrit Cambodia Laos Myanmar Thailand Vietnam Chudasama Dynasty 825 1472 Vamanasthali ,Junagadh Old Gujarati ,Prakrit India Later Chola Empire 848 1279 Pazhaiyaarai ,Thanjavur ,Gangaikonda Cholapuram Tamil India Bangladesh Sri Lanka Maldives Indonesia Singapore Malaysia Thailand Myanmar Somavamshi Dynasty 850 1150 Yayatinagara Sanskrit India Yadava Dynasty 850 1334 Devagiri Kannada ,Marathi ,Sanskrit India Utpala Dynasty 855 1003 Avantipur Sanskrit India Afghanistan Pakistan Hindu Shahi Dynasty 879 1026 Kabul Sanskrit Pakistan Afghanistan India Bali Kingdom 914 1908 Bedulu ,Samprangan ,Gelgel ,Klungkung Kawi ,Balinese Indonesia Pagan Empire 940 1297 Pagan Burmese ,Mon ,Pyu Myanmar Kingdom of Malwa 948 1305 Dhar Prakrit ,Sanskrit India Khasa Malla kingdom 954 1450 Sinja Valley ,Nepal Khas ,Sanskrit ,Dotyali Nepal India Tibet Western Chalukya Empire 973 1189 Manyakheta ,Basavakalyan Kannada ,Sanskrit India Rajahnate of Butuan 1001 1756 Butuan Butuanon ,Old Malay Philippines Lohara Dynasty 1003 1320 Srinagar Sanskrit India Afghanistan Pakistan Kingdom of Polonnaruwa 1017 1310 Polonnaruwa Pali ,Sanskrit India Kahuripan Kingdom 1019 1045 Kahuripan Old Javanese ,Sanskrit Indonesia Hoysala Empire 1026 1343 Halebidu ,Belur Kannada ,Sanskrit India Janggala Kingdom 1045 1136 Hujung Galuh Old Javanese ,Sanskrit Indonesia Kediri Kingdom 1045 1221 Kadiri Old Javanese ,Sanskrit Indonesia Eastern Ganga Empire 1078 1434 Dantapura ,Kalinganagara ,Kataka , Paralekhemundi Sanskrit ,Telugu ,Odia India Gahadavala Dynasty 1080 1194 Varanasi ,Kanyakubja Sanskrit India Dimasa Kingdom 1087 1832 Dimapur ,Maibang , KhaspurDimasa India Karnat Dynasty 1097 1324 Simraungadh Maithili ,Sanskrit Nepal India Chero dynasty 12th CE 18th CE Bhojpuri ,Nagpuri India Sambhuvaraya Dynasty 1150 1375 Rajagambhiram ,Padaveedu Sanskrit ,Tamil India Vanni Nadu Dynasty 1150 1803 Vanni Tamil Sri Lanka Deva Dynasty 1156 1250 Bikrampur Bengali ,Sanskrit Bangladesh India Kakatiya Dynasty 1163 1323 Orugallu Sanskrit ,Telugu India Khen Dynasty 1185 1498 Kamarupanagara ,Kamatapura Assamese ,Kamtapuri India Myanmar Sutiya Kingdom 1187 1673 Swarnagiri ,Ratnapur ,Sadiya Assamese ,Sanskrit India
[ edit ] Empire or Dynasty Established Disestablished Capital(s) Language(s) Today part of Map Malla Dynasty 1200 1768 Bhaktapur ,Kathmandu ,Patan, Nepal Newari ,Maithili ,Sanskrit Nepal Doti Rainka kingdom 13th century 1790 Dipayal Silgadhi ,Nepal Dotyali ,Khas ,Sanskrit ,Kumaoni Nepal India Tibet Jaffna Kingdom 1215 1624 Nallur Tamil Sri Lanka Singhasari Kingdom 1222 1292 Tumapel Old Javanese ,Sanskrit Indonesia Ahom Kingdom 1228 1826 Charaideo ,Garhgaon ,Rangpur ,Jorhat Assamese ,Tai-Ahom India Myanmar Sambhuvaraya Dynasty 1236 1375 Rajagambhiram ,Padaveedu Tamil ,Sanskrit India Yajvapala Dynasty 1237 1289 Nalapura - India Vaghela Dynasty 1244 1304 Dholka Apabhramsa ,Old Gujarati ,Prakrit India Rajahnate of Cebu 1250 1565 Singhapala Cebuano ,Old Malay ,Middle Tamil Philippines Narayangarh Raj 1264 1947 Midnapore district Bengali Language India Majapahit Empire 1293 1527 Majapahit ,Wilwatikta Old Javanese ,Sanskrit Indonesia Malaysia Singapore Brunei Thailand Timor Leste Philippines Australia Sena Dynasty (Nepal) 13th Century CE 18th Century CE Makwanpurgadhi ,Chaudandi ,Palpa Nepali ,Maithili Language ,Khas ,Bengali ,Sanskrit Nepal India Reddy Dynasty 1325 1448 Addanki ,Kondavidu ,Rajahmundry Telugu ,Sanskrit India Musunuri Nayakas 1150 1369 Warangal Telugu ,Sanskrit India Vijayanagara Empire 1336 1646 Vijayanagara Penukonda Chandragiri Vellore India Oiniwar Dynasty 1353 1526 Madhubani Maithili language India Kallala dynasty 1404 1789 Sinja Valley Khas language ,Nepali ,Sanskrit Nepal India Gajapati Empire 1434 1541 Cuttack Odia ,Sanskrit India
[ edit ] Empire or Dynasty Established Disestablished Capital(s) Language(s) Today part of Map Bhoi dynasty 1541 1947 Cuttack ,Puri ,Khurda Odia India Koch Dynasty 1515 1949 Chikana ,Kamatapur Kamtapuri ,Assamese ,Bengali ,Sanskrit India Madurai Nayak Dynasty 1529 1736 Madurai ,Tiruchirapalli Telugu ,Tamil ,Sanskrit India Thanjavur Nayak Kingdom 1532 1673 Thanjavur Telugu ,Tamil ,Sanskrit India Gorkha Kingdom 1559 1768 Gorkha Darbar Nepali Nepal Raj Darbhanga 1577 1947 Darbhanga Maithili India Midnapore Raj 1568 1812 Medinipur Bengali Language India Maratha Empire 1674 1818 Raigad ,Gingee ,Satara ,Pune Marathi ,Sanskrit India Pakistan Maratha Empire Pudukkottai Kingdom 1680 1800 Pudukkottai Tamil India Sivaganga Kingdom 1725 1733 Sivaganga Tamil India Kingdom of Nepal 1768 2008 Kathmandu Nepali ,Sanskrit Nepal India China Bangladesh Jammu and Kashmir 1846 1952 Jammu Dogri India Pakistan China
Note: Kingdoms that acted as princely states to theBritish Empire are not mentioned except for the time period when they exercised sovereign control.
FivePuranas (Vayu ,Matsya ,Brahmanda ,Vishnu ,Bhagavata ) contain dynasticPuranic lists .[ 19] [ 20] [ 21] F. E. Pargiter : "false genealogies ... imitate genuine genealogies", accepting limitations does not require to declare the absence of "any trust whatever".[ 22] Ludo Rocher in his book "The Puranas" (1986) provides a long list of chronological calculations based on Puranic lists with a warning that they are "often highly imaginative".[ 23]
^ Chaulagain 2019 , pp. 1–2.^ Chaulagain 2019 , p. 6.^ Klostermaier 2014 , Chronology.^ Witzel 1990 , p. 1.^ Witzel 1990 , p. 2.^ RC Majumdar; HC Raychaudhury; Kalikinkar Datta (2023).An Advanced History of India Trinity Press . ^ RC Majumdar; HC Raychaudhury; Kalikinkar Datta (2023).An Advanced History of India Trinity Press . ^ RC Majumdar; HC Raychaudhury; Kalikinkar Datta (2023).An Advanced History of India Trinity Press . ^ RC Majumdar; HC Raychaudhury; Kalikinkar Datta (2023).An Advanced History of India Trinity Press . ^ RC Majumdar; HC Raychaudhury; Kalikinkar Datta (2023).An Advanced History of India Trinity Press . ^ RC Majumdar; HC Raychaudhury; Kalikinkar Datta (2023).An Advanced History of India Trinity Press . ^ RC Majumdar; HC Raychaudhury; Kalikinkar Datta (2023).An Advanced History of India Trinity Press . ^ RC Majumdar; HC Raychaudhury; Kalikinkar Datta (2023).An Advanced History of India Trinity Press . ^ RC Majumdar; HC Raychaudhury; Kalikinkar Datta (2023).An Advanced History of India Trinity Press . ^ RC Majumdar; HC Raychaudhury; Kalikinkar Datta (2023).An Advanced History of India Trinity Press . ^ RC Majumdar; HC Raychaudhury; Kalikinkar Datta (2023).An Advanced History of India Trinity Press . ^ "Porus | Indian prince" .Encyclopædia Britannica ^ Saklani, Dinesh Prasad (1998).Ancient Communities of the Himalaya ISBN 9788173870903 ^ Rocher 1986 , p. 115.^ Rocher 1986 , p. 116.^ Rocher 1986 , p. 117.^ Rocher 1986 , p. 118.^ Rocher 1986 , p. 122.
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