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List of English words of Old Norse origin

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Part ofa series on
Old Norse
WikiProject Norse history and culture

Words ofOld Norse origin have entered theEnglish language, primarily from the contact between Old Norse andOld English during colonisation of eastern and northernEngland between the mid 9th to the 11th centuries (see alsoDanelaw). Many of these words are part of English core vocabulary, such asegg orknife. There are hundreds of such words, and the list below does not aim at completeness.

To be distinguished from loan words which date back to the Old English period are modern Old Norse loans originating in the context of Old Norse philology, such askenning (1871),[a] and loans from modern Icelandic (such asgeyser, 1781).Yet another class comprises loans from Old Norse into Old French, which viaAnglo-Norman were then indirectly loaned into Middle English; an example isflâneur, via French from the Old Norse verbflana "to wander aimlessly".

A

[edit]
ado
influenced by Norseat ("to",infinitive marker) which was used with English "do" in certain English dialects[1]
aloft
  • á ("=in, on, to") +lopt ("=air, atmosphere, sky, heaven, upper floor, loft")[2]
  • English provenance = c 1200 AD
anger
  • angr ("=trouble, affliction"); rootang (="strait, straitened, troubled")[3]
  • English provenance = c 1250 AD
are
merger of Old English (earun,earon) and Old Norse (er) cognates[4]
auk
A type of Arctic seabird.[5]
awe
  • agi ("=terror")[6]
  • English provenance = c 1205 AD (asaȝe, an early form of the word resulting from the influence of Old Norse on an existing Anglo-Saxon form,eȝe)
awesome
From the same Norse root as "awe".[7]
awful
From the same Norse root as "awe".[8]
awkward
the first element is from Old Norseǫfugr ("=turned-backward"), the '-ward' part is from Old Englishweard[9]
awn
From Old Norseögn[10]
axle
May be a combination of Old Englisheax and Old Norseöxull (="axis")[11]

B

[edit]
bag
baggi[12]
bait
beita[13]
band
band (="rope")[14]
bank (geography)
from a Scandinavian source such as Old Norsebanki, Old Danishbanke (="sandbank").[15]
bark
bǫrkr[16]
bash
From Old Norse*basca (="to strike")[17]
bask
baðask reflex. ofbaða "bathe" (baðast, baða sig)[18]
bat (animal)
probably related to Old Swedishnatbakka, Old Danishnathbakkæ "night bat," and Old Norseleðrblaka "bat," literally "leather flapper".[19]
berserk
berserkr, lit. 'bear-shirt', (alt.berr-serkr, 'bare-shirt') frenzied warriors[20]
billow
bylgja[21]
birth
byrðr[22]
blather
Probably from a Scandinavian source such as Old Norseblaðra (="mutter, wag the tongue")[23]
bleak
bleikr (="pale")[24]
blend
Possibly from Old Norseblanda (="to mix")[25]
blister
From a Scandinavian source via Old French[26]
bloat
From a Scandinavian source akin to Old Norseblautr (="soaked, soft from being cooked in liquid")[27]
bloom
"blossom of a plant," c. 1200, a northern word, from a Scandinavian source akin to Old Norseblomi "flower, blossom".[28]
blunder
blundra (="shut one's eye")[29]
boast
Probably from a Scandinavian source via Anglo-French[30]
bole
From Old Norsebolr (="tree trunk")[31]
both
baðir[32]
boon
bon (="a petition, prayer")[33]
booth
From Old Danishboþ (="temporary dwelling"), from East Norse*boa (="to dwell")[34]
boulder
from a Scandinavian source akin to Swedish dialectalbullersten "noisy stone" (large stone in a stream, causing water to roar around it), frombullra "to roar" +sten "stone".[35]
brink
Possibly related to Danishbrink (="steepness, shore, bank, grassy edge")[36]
brisket
perhaps from Old Frenchbruschet, with identical sense of the English word, or from Old Norsebrjosk "gristle, cartilage" (related tobrjost "breast") or Danishbryske[37]
brunt
Likely from Old Norsebrundr (="sexual heat") orbruna =("to advance like wildfire")[38]
bulk
bulki[39]
bull
boli[40]
bump
Perhaps from Scandinavian, probably echoic[41]
bunker
possibly from a Scandinavian source such as bunke "boards used to protect the cargo of a ship"[42]
bur
From a Scandinavian source related to Old Norseburst (="bristle")[43]
bylaw
bylög ('by'=village; 'lög'=law; 'village-law')[44]

C

[edit]
cake
kaka (="cake")[45]
call
kalla (="cry loudly")[46]
cart
From Old Norsekartr or a similar Scandinavian source[47]
cast
kasta (="to throw")[48]
chubby
Perhaps influenced by Old Norsekumba "log",kumben "stumpy".[49]
clip
klippa (="to cut")[50]
club
klubba (="cudgel")[51]
clumsy
From a Scandinavian source akin to Old Norseklumsa (="make speechless, palsy; prevent from speaking")[52]
cog
Probably a Scandinavian borrowing, related to Norwegiankugg[53]
cozy
Likely of Scandinavian origin via Scots, perhaps related to Norwegiankose seg[54]
crawl
krafla (="to claw")[55]
craze
Possibly from Old Norsekrasa (="shatter") via Old Frenchcrasir[56]
creek
kriki ("corner, nook") through MEcreke ("narrow inlet in a coastline") altered fromkryk perhaps influenced by Anglo-Normancrique itself from a Scandinavian source via Norman-French[57]
crochet
from Old Norsekrokr "hook" via Frenchcrochet "small hook; canine tooth"[58]
crocket
from the same Norse root as "crochet" via French.[59]
crook
krokr (="hook-shaped instrument or weapon")[60]
crotch
from Old North Frenchcroche "shepherd's crook," variant ofcroc "hook," from Old Norsekrokr "hook".[61]
crotchet,crotchety
from Old Norsekrokr "hook" via Old Frenchcrochet.[62][63]
crouch
from the same Norse root as "crochet" via French.[64]
cur
kurra (="to growl")[65]
cut
Possibly from North Germanic*kut-[66]

D

[edit]
dangle
Probably from Scandinavian, related to Danishdangle, Swedishdangla (="to swing about") and Norwegiandangla[67]
dank
Related to Swedishdank (="moist place") anddänka (="to moisten")[68]
dash,dashing
Probably from a Scandinavian source (compare Swedishdaska, Danishdaske "to beat, strike")[69]
dastard,dastardly
Probably from*dast, "dazed," past participle ofdasen "to daze" or the equivalent past participle in Old Norse + deprecatory suffix-ard.[70]
daze,dazed
Perhaps from Old Norse*dasa[71]
die
deyja (="pass away")[72]
ding
The meaning "to deal heavy blows" is c. 1300, probably from Old Norse dengja "to hammer," and is probably ultimately imitative.[73]
dirt
drit (="feces")[74]
down (feathers)
"first feathers of a baby bird; soft covering of fowls under the feathers, the under-plumage of birds," used for stuffing pillows and feather-beds, mid-14c., from Old Norsedunn, which is of uncertain origin.[75]
doze
Probably from a Scandinavian source (compare Old Norsedusa "to doze," Danishdøse "to make dull," Swedish dialectaldusa "to sleep").[76]
dregs
dregg (="sediment")[77]
droop
From Old Norsedrupa (="to drop, sink, hang (the head)")[78]
dump
Possibly related to Danishdumpe (="fall hard"), Norwegiandumpa (="to fall suddenly"), and Old Norsedumpa (="to beat"). Not found in Old English.[79]

E

[edit]
egg
egg (="egg")[80]
eider
a type of duck.
equip,equipment
skipa (="organize, arrange, place in order") through Middle Frenchéquiper, from Old Frenchesquiper "fit out a ship, load on board",[81] itself from Norman-Frenchesquipper, eschiper[82]

F

[edit]
fell (geography)
from Old Norsefiall "mountain"[83]
fellow
félagi[84]
filly
Possibly from Old Norsefylja, fem. offoli (="foal")[85]
fir
from Old Norsefyri- "fir" or Old Danishfyr.[86]
firth
From Old Norsefjörðr via Scottish[87]
fjord
From Norwegianfiord, from Old Norsefjörðr (="an inlet, estuary")[88]
flag
Probably from Old Norseflaka (="to flicker, flutter, hang loose")[89]
flaneur
flana ("to wander aimlessly") + French suffix-eur through (19th cent.) Frenchflâneur, itself from Norman-Frenchflaner, flanner[90][91]
flat
flatr[92]
flaunt
Related to Swedishflankt (="loosely, flutteringly") andflakka (="to waver")[93]
flaw
From Old Norseflaga (="stone slab, layer of stone")[94]
fleck
Probably from Old Norseflekka (="to spot, stain, cover with spots")[95]
fling
Probably from Old Norseflengja[96]
flit
flytja (="cause to fit")[97]
floe
From Norwegianflo (="layer, slab") from Old Norseflo[98]
flounder
From Old Norseflydhra via Anglo-Frenchfloundre[99]
fluster
Probably from a Scandinavian source related to Icelandicflaustr (="fluster")[100]
fog
from Old Norsefok through Danishfog, meaning "spray", "shower", "snowdrift"[101]
fond
uncertain but perhaps from Scandinavian[102]
fro
from Old Norsefra (="from)[103]
freckle
freknur (="freckles")[104]
fun
from the same source as "fond"[105]

G

[edit]
gab
gabbnna (="to mock") through Northern England dialect, Scottish or Norman-French[106][107]
gable
from Old Frenchgable "facade, front, gable," from Old Norsegafl "gable, gable-end" (in north of England, the word probably is directly from Norse).[108]
gad
gaddr (="spike, nail")[109][110]
gag
Perhaps influenced by Old Norsegag-hals (="with head thrown back")[111]
gain
from Germanic and from Old Norse via Old French.[112]
gait
Related to Old Norsegata (="way, road, path")[113]
gale
Perhaps from Old Norsegol (="breeze") or Old Danishgal (="bad, furious")[114]
gang
gangr (="act of going, a group of men")[115]
gap
gap (="chasm")[116]
gape
From an unrecorded English word or from Old Norsegapa (="to open the mouth wide, gape")[117]
gasp
geispa (="to yawn")[118]
gaunt
Perhaps from a Scandinavian source[119]
gawk
from Middle Englishgawen, from Old Norsega (="to heed")[120]
gear
from Old Norsegørvi (="apparel, gear")[121]
geld
from Old Norsegelda (="to castrate")[122]
gelding
from Old Norsegeldingr (="wether; eunuch")[123]
get
geta,gat (got),gittan (gotten)[124]
geyser
from Icelandicgeysir, from Old Norsegeysa (="to gush")[125]
gift
gift (="dowry")[126]
gill
Possibly related to Old Norsegjölnar[127]
girth
gjörð (="circumference, cinch")[128]
give
gefa (="to give")[129]
glitter
glitra (="to glitter")[130]
gloat
From a Scandinavian source such as Old Norseglotta (="to grin, smile scornfully and show the teeth")[131]
gosling
gæslingr (="goose")[132]
grovel
Shakespearean term originating from Old Norsegrufe[133]
guest
gestr (="guest")[134]
gun
from Old NorseGunnhildr (female name, both elements of the name,gunn andhildr, have the meaning "war, battle")[135]
gust
gustr (="gust")[136]

H

[edit]
haggle
haggen (="to chop")[137]
hail
heill (="health, prosperity, good luck")[138]
hank
Probably from a Scandinavian source such as Old Norsehönk (="a hank, coil")[139]
hap,happy
happ (="chance, good luck, fate")[140]
harness
From Old Norse*hernest (="provisions for an army") via Old Frenchharnois[141]
harsh
probably from Middle Englishharske "rough, coarse, sour" (c. 1300), a northern word of Scandinavian origin.[142]
haunt
heimta (="to bring back home") through Anglo-Normanhaunter (="to reside", "to frequent"), (Old) Frenchhanter from Normanhanter.[143][144]
haven
From Old Norsehöfn (="haven, harbor")[145]
hit
hitta (="to find")[146]
how (orhowe)
haugr (="barrow, small hill") Usage preserved mainly in place names[147]
husband
husbondi (="master of the house")[148]
hug
Possibly from Old Norsehugga (="to comfort")[149]

I

[edit]
ill
illr (="bad")[150]
irk
yrkja (="to work")[151]

J

[edit]
jökulhlaup
from Icelandicjökulhlaup from Old Norsejǫkull andhlaup.
jarl
From Old Norsejarl[152]

K

[edit]
kedge
Probably from a Scandinavian source or related to "cadge"[153]
keg
From a Scandinavian source such as Old Norsekaggi (="keg, cask")[154]
keel
kjölr[155]
kenning
a descriptive phrase used inGermanic poetry, a modern learned word from Old Norse kenning in a special sense.[156]
kick
Of uncertain origin, perhaps from Old Norsekikn (="bend backwards, sink at the knees")[157]
kid
kið (="young goat")[158]
kidnap
Fromkid + a variant ofnab, both of which are of Scandinavian origin.[159]
kilt
From Middle Englishkilten, from a Scandinavian source[160]
kindle
kynda[161]
knife
knífr[162]

L

[edit]
lad
ladd (="young man (unlikely)")[163]
lag
Possibly from a Scandinavian source, related to Norwegianlagga (="go slowly")[164]
lass
From a Scandinavian source related to Old Swedishløsk kona (="unmarried woman") or Old Norselöskr (="idle, weak")[165]
lathe
hlaða (="to load")[166]
law
*lagu[167]
leg
leggr[168]
lemming
From Old Norselomundr via Norwegianlemming[169]
lift
lypta (="to raise")[170]
likely
líkligr[171]
link
*hlenkr[172]
litmus
litmose (="lichen for dyeing", lita ="to stain")[173]
loan
lán (="to lend")[174]
loft
lopt (="an upper room or floor : attic, air, sky")[175]
loose
lauss (="loose/free")[176]
lope
From Old Norsehlaupa (="to run, leap, spring up")[177]
low
lagr[178]
lug
From Scandinavian, related to Swedishlugga and Norwegianlugge (="to pull by the hair")[179]

M

[edit]
meek
From a Scandinavian source such as Old Norsemjukr (='soft, pliant, gentle')[180]
midden
Of Scandinavian origin, related to Danishmødding[181]
mink
From a Scandinavian source, related to Swedishmenk (="a stinking animal in Finland")[182]
mire
myrr (='bog')[183]
mistake
mistaka (="miscarry")[184]
mold (fungus)
related to Old Norsemygla "grow moldy"[185]
muck
myki (="cow dung")[186]
mug
mugge[187]
muggy
mugga (="drizzle, mist")[188]

N

[edit]
nab
Probably a variant of dialectalnap "to seize, catch, lay hold of", which possibly is from Scandinavian.[189]
nag
Probably ultimately from a Scandinavian source, related to Old Norsegnaga (="to complain," literally "to bite, gnaw")[190]
narwhal
From Danish and Norwegiannarhval, probably a metathesis of Old Norsenahvalr, literally "corpse-whale," fromna "corpse"[191]
nasty
Likely related to Swedish dialectal and Danish naskug, nasket "dirty, nasty".[192]
nay,naysayer
From a Scandinavian source such as Old Norsenei[193]
niggard,niggardly
Perhaps from a Scandinavian source related to Old Norse*hniggw, possibly via French[194]
Norman,Normandy
from Old Norse through Old French, meaning "northman", due to Viking settlement in Normandy region[195]
nudge
Perhaps from Scandinavian, related to Norwegiannugge/nyggje (="to jostle, rub") and Icelandicnugga (="to rub, massage")[196]

O

[edit]
oaf
alfr (="elf")[197]
odd
oddi (="third number", "the casting vote")[198]
ombudsman
from Old Norseumboðsmaðr through Swedishombudsman, meaning "commissary", "representative", "steward"[199]
outlaw
utlagi[200]

P

[edit]
peen
Probably from a Scandinavian source, related to Norwegianpenn and Old Swedishpæna[201]
plough,plow
plogr[202]
prod
From Old Norsebroddr (="shaft, spike")[203]

Q

[edit]
queasy
Possibly from a Scandinavian source, such as Old Norsekveisa (="a boil") (Middle English Compendium compares Old Norseiðra-kveisa "bowel pains").[204]

R

[edit]
race
rás (="to race", "to run", "to rush", "to move swift")[205]
raft
raptr (="log")[206]
rag
Probably from a Scandinavian source such as Old Norserögg (="shaggy tuft, rough hair")[207]
ragged
Related to "rag", perhaps from or reinforced by Old Norseraggaðr (="shaggy").[208]
ragtag
From rag + tag, both component words being of Scandinavian origin.[209]
raise
reisa[210]
ransack
rannsaka (="to search the house")[211]
reef
Likely from Old Norserif (="ridge in the sea; reef in a sail") via Dutchriffe[212]
regret
gráta ("to weep, groan") + French prefixre- through Old Frenchregreter, itself from Old Norman-Frenchregrater, regreter, influenced by Old Englishgrætan[213][91]
reindeer
hreindyri[214]
rid
Possibly from Old Norseryðja (="to clear (land) of obstructions")[215]
rift
Related to Old Norseripa/rifa (=""to tear apart, break a contract")[216]
rig
Probably from a Scandinavian source. May be related to Danish/Norwegianrigge (="to equip") and Swedishrigga (="to rig, harness")[217]
rive
rífa (="to scratch, plow, tear")[218]
root
rót[219]
rotten
rotinn (="decayed")[220]
rug
rogg (="shaggy tuft")[221]
rugged
rogg (="shaggy tuft")[222]
rump
From a Scandinavian source related to Danish/Norwegianrumpe and Swedishrumpa[223]

S

[edit]
saga
saga (="story, tale")[224]
sale
sala[225]
same
same, samr (="same")[226]
scale
(for weighing) fromskal (="bowl, drinking cup", or in plural "weighing scale" referring to the cup or pan part of a balance) in early English used to mean "cup"[227]
scalp
From a Scandinavian source related to Old Norseskalli (="a bald head") orskalpr (="sheath, scabbard")[228]
scant
skamt andskammr (="short, lacking")[229]
scare
skirra (="to frighten)[230]
scarf
skarfr (="fastening joint") ("scarf" and "scarves" have possibly been reintroduced to modern Swedish[citation needed] in their English forms as slang, but Swedes almost always use the compound "neck-cloth" (hals-duk).[231]
scathe
skaða (="to hurt, injure")[232]
scoff
From a Scandinavian source such as Old Norseskaup, skop (="mockery, ridicule")[233]
scofflaw
From scoff + law, both of which are of Old Norse origin.[234]
scold
From Old Norseskald (="poet")[235]
scorch
Perhaps from Old Norseskorpna (="to be shriveled"). It was previously thought to be from Old French, but this is now considered unlikely.[236]
score
skor (="notch"; "twenty")[237]
scowl
Probably from a Scandinavian source, related to Norwegianskule (="look furtively, squint, look embarrassed") and Danishskule (="to scowl, cast down the eyes")[238]
scrag
Related to Norwegianskragg "a lean person;" dialectal Swedishskraka "a great, dry tree; a long, lean man,"skragge "old and torn thing," Danishskrog "hull of a ship; carcass," Icelandicskröggr, a nickname of the fox[239]
scrap
skrap (="scraps, trifles") fromskrapa[240]
scrape
skrapa (="to scrape, erase")[241]
scrawny
Of uncertain origin but probably from a Scandinavian source, such as Old Norseskrælna (="to shrivel")[242]
scree
From Old Norseskriða (="landslide")[243]
scuff,scuffle
Probably from a Scandinavian source related to Old Norseskufa, skyfa (="to shove, push aside"), via Scottish[244]
seat
sæti (="seat, position")[245]
seem
sœma (="to conform")[246]
shrimp
Probably from or related to Old Norseskreppa (="thin person")[247]
shrivel
Perhaps from a Scandinavian source and related to Swedishskryvla (="to wrinkle, to shrivel")[248]
shrug
perhaps connected to Danishskrugge "to stoop, crouch."[249]
silt
Probably from a Scandinavian source, related to Norwegian and Danishsylt (="salt marsh") and Old Swedishsylta (="mud")[250]
skate
skata (="fish")[251]
skeet
ultimately from Old Norseskjota (="to shoot")[252]
skerry
From Old Norsesker[253]
skewer
Possibly from Old Norseskifa (="a cut, slice")[254]
ski
From Norwegianski, related to Old Norseskið (="long snowshoe")[255]
skid
Probably from a Scandinavian source akin to Old Norseskið (="stick of wood")[256]
skill
skil (="distinction")[257]
skin
skinn (="animal hide")[258]
skip
skopa (="to skip, run)[259]
skit
Perhaps ultimately from Old Norseskjuta (="to shoot, move quickly")[260]
skitter,skittish
Perhaps relate to Old Norseskjota[261]
skirt
skyrta (="shirt")[262]
skive
From a Scandinavian source such as Old Norseskifa (="to cut, split")[263]
skrike
skríkja (="to scream")[264]
skua
from Faroeseskugvur, related to Old Norseskufr (="seagull, tuft, tassel"), and possibly toskauf (="fox's tail").[265]
skull
skulle (="head")[266]
sky
ský (="cloud")[267]
skyscraper
Fromsky +scrape, both of which originate from Old Norse[268]
slam
From a Scandinavian source, ultimately of imitative origin.[269]
slant
sletta, slenta (="to throw carelessly")[270]
slaughter
*slahtr (="butchering")[271]
slaver
slafra (="slaver")[272]
sledge
sleggja (="sledgehammer")[273]
sleight
slœgð[274]
sleuth
sloð (="trail")[275]
slight
Probably from a Scandinavian source akin to Old Norseslettr (="smooth, sleek")[276]
sling
From Old Norseslyngva[277]
slob
From a Scandinavian source via Irish[278]
slot
Perhaps from Old Norse sloð "trail" via Old French esclot "hoofprint of a deer or horse".[279]
slouch
Related to Old Norseslokr ("lazy fellow")[280]
slump
Probably from a Scandinavian source such as Norwegian and Danishslumpe (="fall upon,") Swedishslumpa; perhaps ultimately of imitative origin.[281]
slush
Perhaps from a Scandinavian source, related to Norwegian and Danishslask (="slushy ground")[282]
sly
sloegr (="cunning, crafty, sly")[283]
smithy
From Old Norsesmiðja[284]
snag
From a Scandinavian source, related Old Norsesnagi (="clothes peg")[285]
snare
snara (="noose, snare")[286]
snape
sneypa (="to outrage, dishonor, disgrace")[287]
snipe
From Old Norse-snipa[288]
sniper
From Englishsnipe, which was derived from Old Norse[289]
snub
snubba (="to curse")[290]
snug,snuggle
Perhaps from a Scandinavian source such as Old Norsesnoggr (="short-haired")[291]
spike
perhaps from or related to a Scandinavian word, such as Old Norsespik "splinter," Middle Swedishspijk "nail".[292]
sprint
spretta (="to jump up")[293]
squabble
probably from a Scandinavian source and of imitative origin[294]
squall
Probably from a Scandinavian source, such as Old Norseskvala (="to cry out")[295]
stack
From a Scandinavian source akin to Old Norsestakkr (="haystack")[296]
stagger
stakra (="to push")[297]
stain
steina (="to paint")[298]
steak
steik,steikja (="to fry")[299]
stern (nautical)
probably from a Scandinavian source, such as Old Norsestjorn "a steering," related to or derived fromstyra "to guide".[300]
stoup
From a Scandinavian source such as Old Norsestaup (="cup")[301]
stumble
Probably from a Scandinavian source, may be related to Norwegianstumla, Swedishstambla (="to stumble")[302]
swag
From a Scandinavian source akin to Old Norsesveggja (="to swing, sway")[303]
swain
from Old Norsesveinn "boy, servant, attendant".[304]
sway
sveigja (="to bend, swing, give way")[305]

T

[edit]
tag
Probably from a Scandinavian source, related to Norwegiantagg (="point, prong, barb") and Swedishtagg (="prickle, thorn")[306]
tangle
From a Scandinavian source, possibly related to Old Norseþongull[307]
take
taka[308]
tarn
tjǫrn,tjarn[309]
tatter
From a Scandinavian source such as Old Norsetöturr (="rags, tatters, tattered garment")[310]
teem
tœma (="to empty")[311]
tern
From a Scandinavian source akin via East Anglian dialect[312]
tether
Probably from a Scandinavian source akin to Old Norsetjoðr (="tether")[313]
their
þeirra[314]
they
þeir[315]
though
from Old Englishþēah, and in part from Old Norseþó (="though")[316]
thrall
þræll[317]
thrift
þrift (="prosperity")[318]
thrive
From a Scandinavian source akin toþrifask (="to thrive", originally "grasp to oneself")[319]
thrust
þrysta (="to thrust, force")[320]
thwart
þvert (="across")[321]
tidings
tíðindi (="news of events")[322]
tight
þéttr (="watertight, close in texture, solid")[323]
till
til (="to, until")[324]
toft
From Old Norsetopt (="homestead")[325]
toom
tóm (="vacant time, leisure")
toss
Of uncertain origin, possibly from a Scandinavian source[326]
trash
Perhaps from Old Norsetros (="rubbish, fallen leaves and twigs")[327]
troll
troll (="giant, fiend, demon"; further etymology is disputed)[328]
trust (verb)
traust (="help, confidence")[329]
tryst
from Old Frenchtristre (="waiting place, appointed station in hunting"), probably from a Scandinavian source such as Old Norsetreysta (="to trust, make firm").[330]
tyke
From a Scandinavian source akin to Old Norsetik (="bitch")[331]

U

[edit]
ugly
uggligr (="Dreadfull, repulsive")[332]
until
from Old Norseund (="as far as, up to") andtil (="until, up to")[333]

V

[edit]
valkyrie
from Old Norsevalkyrja, literally "chooser of the slain," fromvalr (="those slain in battle") +kyrja (="chooser"), from ablaut root ofkjosa (="to choose")[334]
viking
vikingr (="one who came from the fjords",vik = small and not deep fjord)[335]
vole
Probably from Old Norsevöllr (="field")[336]

W

[edit]
wad
from Old Norsevaðmal[337]
wag
Probably from a Scandinavian source related Old Norsevagga (="a cradle")[338]
waif
Probably from a Scandinavian source akin to Old Norseveif (="waving thing, flag") via Anglo-Frenchwaif[339]
wail
From Old Norsevæla (="to lament")[340]
waive,waiver
from Anglo-Frenchweyver "to abandon, waive" (Old Frenchguever "to abandon, give back"), probably from a Scandinavian source akin to Old Norseveifa "to swing about".[341]
walrus
A loanword from Dutch, but probably ultimately an alteration of a Scandinavian word.[342]
wand
vondr (="rod")[343]
want
vanta (="to lack")[344]
wapentake
From Old Norsevapnatak[345]
wassail
From Old Norsevas heill (="be healthy")[346]
weak
veikr (="weak, pliant")[347]
wheeze
Probably from a Scandinavian source such as Old Norsehvoesa (="to hiss")[348]
whirl
hvirfla (="to go around")[349]
whisk
viska (="to plait")[350]
wicker
From a Scandinavian source, related to Danishviger and Middle Swedishviker[351]
wicket
vík (="bay") + French suffix-et through Anglo-Normanwicket, itself from Old Norman-Frenchwiket, Norman-Frenchviquet > Frenchguichet[352][353]
wight
vigr (="able in battle") – the otherwight meaning "man" is from Old English[354]
wile
vél (="trick, craft, fraud")[355]
windlass
vindáss (= "windlass", literally "winding-pole"), through Old Norman / Anglo-Normanwindas, fromvinda ("to wind") +áss ("pole").[356][357]
window
vindauga (="wind-eye") – althoughgluggi was more commonly used in Old Norse[358]
wing
vængr (="a wing")[359]
wreck
From a Scandinavian source akin to Old Norse*wrek (="wreck, flotsam"), via Anglo-Normanwrec[360]
wrong
rangr (="crooked, wry, wrong")[361]

Y

[edit]
yaw
Perhaps ultimately from Old Norsejaga[362]

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^There was a native Old Englishcenning "declaration" (in Middle English "cognition"), derived from the verbto kenThe Old Norsekenning "set expression in early Germanic poetry" was loaned in 19th-century Germanic philology independently of the native word.

References

[edit]
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  2. ^"Aloft". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved13 July 2010.
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  4. ^"Are". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved13 July 2010.
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  46. ^"Call". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved13 July 2010.
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  48. ^"Cast". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved13 July 2010.
  49. ^"Chubby". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved9 October 2023.
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  54. ^"Cozy". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved29 October 2022.
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  56. ^"Craze". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved17 October 2022.
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  58. ^"Crochet". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved17 October 2023.
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  62. ^"Crotchet". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved18 October 2023.
  63. ^"Crotchety". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved18 October 2023.
  64. ^"Crouch". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved18 October 2023.
  65. ^"Cur". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved13 July 2010.
  66. ^"Cut". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved18 October 2022.
  67. ^"Dangle". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved16 January 2023.
  68. ^"Dank". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved12 March 2023.
  69. ^"Dash". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved8 June 2023.
  70. ^"Dastard". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved8 June 2023.
  71. ^"Daze". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved8 January 2023.
  72. ^"Die". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved13 July 2010.
  73. ^"Ding". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved3 April 2025.
  74. ^"Dirt". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved13 July 2010.
  75. ^"Down". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved13 June 2023.
  76. ^"Doze". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved8 June 2023.
  77. ^"Dregs". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved13 July 2010.
  78. ^"Droop". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved6 January 2023.
  79. ^"Dump". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved17 October 2022.
  80. ^"Egg". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved13 July 2010.
  81. ^"Equip". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved13 July 2014.
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  84. ^"Fellow". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved13 July 2010.
  85. ^"Filly". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved6 January 2023.
  86. ^"Fir". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved9 October 2023.
  87. ^"Firth". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved8 January 2023.
  88. ^"Fjord". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved26 October 2022.
  89. ^"Flag". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved4 January 2023.
  90. ^"Flaneur". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved13 July 2014.
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  93. ^"Flaunt". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved11 March 2023.
  94. ^"Flaw". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved6 January 2023.
  95. ^"Fleck". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved6 January 2023.
  96. ^"Fling". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved17 October 2022.
  97. ^"Flit". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved13 July 2010.
  98. ^"Floe". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved11 March 2023.
  99. ^"Flounder". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved22 October 2022.
  100. ^"Fluster". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved16 January 2023.
  101. ^"Fog". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved14 October 2010.
  102. ^"Fond". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved18 May 2025.
  103. ^"Fro". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved18 October 2022.
  104. ^"Freckle". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved14 October 2010.
  105. ^"Fun". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved18 May 2025.
  106. ^"gab". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved5 December 2014.
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  109. ^"Gang". Online Etymology Dictionary.
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  111. ^"Gag". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved4 March 2023.
  112. ^"Gain". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved25 March 2024.
  113. ^"Gait". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved11 March 2023.
  114. ^"Gale". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved6 January 2023.
  115. ^"Gang". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved3 April 2025.
  116. ^"Gap". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved21 July 2010.
  117. ^"Gape". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved6 January 2023.
  118. ^"Gasp". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved18 October 2022.
  119. ^"Gaunt". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved11 January 2023.
  120. ^"Gawk". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved13 July 2010.
  121. ^"Gear". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved19 October 2022.
  122. ^"Geld". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved22 October 2022.
  123. ^"Gelding". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved22 October 2022.
  124. ^"Get". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved13 July 2010.
  125. ^"Geyser". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved13 July 2010.
  126. ^"Gift". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved13 July 2010.
  127. ^"Gill". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved22 October 2022.
  128. ^"Girth". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved13 July 2010.
  129. ^"Give". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved13 July 2010.
  130. ^"Glitter". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved21 July 2010.
  131. ^"Gloat". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved6 January 2022.
  132. ^"Gosling". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved13 July 2010.
  133. ^"Grovel". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved8 January 2023.
  134. ^"Guest". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved13 July 2010.
  135. ^"Gun". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved13 July 2010.
  136. ^"Gust". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved13 July 2010.
  137. ^"Haggle". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved13 July 2010.
  138. ^"Hail". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved13 July 2010.
  139. ^"Hank". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved11 January 2023.
  140. ^"Hap". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved13 July 2010.
  141. ^"Harness". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved19 October 2022.
  142. ^"Harsh". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved3 December 2023.
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  145. ^"Haven". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved6 January 2023.
  146. ^"Hit". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved13 July 2010.
  147. ^"How". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved13 July 2010.
  148. ^"Husband". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved13 July 2010.
  149. ^"Hug". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved17 October 2022.
  150. ^"Ill". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved13 July 2010.
  151. ^"Irk". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved11 October 2010.
  152. ^"Jarl". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved8 January 2023.
  153. ^"Kedge". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved11 January 2023.
  154. ^"Keg". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved3 January 2023.
  155. ^"Keel". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved21 July 2010.
  156. ^"Kenning". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved4 December 2023.
  157. ^"Kick". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved6 January 2023.
  158. ^"Kid". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved21 July 2010.
  159. ^"Kidnap". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved11 June 2023.
  160. ^"Kilt". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved22 October 2022.
  161. ^"Kindle". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved8 October 2012.
  162. ^"Knife". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved13 July 2010.
  163. ^"Lad". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved13 July 2010.
  164. ^"Lag". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved17 January 2023.
  165. ^"Lass". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved6 January 2023.
  166. ^"Lathe". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved13 July 2010.
  167. ^"Law". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved13 July 2010.
  168. ^"Leg". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved13 July 2010.
  169. ^"Lemming". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved22 October 2022.
  170. ^"Lift". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved17 October 2022.
  171. ^"Likely". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved21 July 2010.
  172. ^"Link". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved21 July 2010.
  173. ^"Litmus". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved13 July 2010.
  174. ^"Loan". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved21 July 2010.
  175. ^"Loft". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved13 July 2010.
  176. ^"Loose". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved13 July 2010.
  177. ^"Lope". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved11 March 2023.
  178. ^"Low". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved13 July 2010.
  179. ^"Lug". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved6 January 2023.
  180. ^"Meek". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved18 October 2022.
  181. ^"Midden". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved16 January 2023.
  182. ^"Mink". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved8 March 2023.
  183. ^"Mire". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved13 July 2010.
  184. ^"Mistake". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved13 July 2010.
  185. ^"Mold". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved15 May 2025.
  186. ^"Muck". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved13 July 2010.
  187. ^"Mug". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved13 July 2010.
  188. ^"Muggy". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved14 October 2010.
  189. ^"Nab". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved11 June 2023.
  190. ^"Nag". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved16 January 2023.
  191. ^"Narwhal". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved16 January 2023.
  192. ^"Nasty". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved3 April 2025.
  193. ^"Nay". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved11 January 2023.
  194. ^"Niggard". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved8 March 2023.
  195. ^"Norman". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved13 July 2010.
  196. ^"Nudge". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved15 January 2023.
  197. ^"Oaf". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved13 July 2010.
  198. ^"Odd". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved13 July 2010.
  199. ^"Ombudsman". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved13 July 2010.
  200. ^"Outlaw". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved14 October 2010.
  201. ^"Peen". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved16 January 2023.
  202. ^"Plow". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved13 July 2010.
  203. ^"Prod". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved6 January 2023.
  204. ^"Queasy". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved27 July 2023.
  205. ^"Race". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved13 July 2010.
  206. ^"Raft". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved13 July 2010.
  207. ^"Rag". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved8 January 2023.
  208. ^"Ragged". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved9 June 2023.
  209. ^"Ragtag". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved9 June 2023.
  210. ^"Raise". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved13 July 2010.
  211. ^"Ransack". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved13 July 2010.
  212. ^"Reef". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved22 October 2022.
  213. ^"Regret". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved13 July 2014.
  214. ^"Reindeer". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved13 July 2010.
  215. ^"Rid". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved18 October 2022.
  216. ^"Rift". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved6 January 2023.
  217. ^"Rig". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved16 January 2023.
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  220. ^"Rotten". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved21 July 2010.
  221. ^"Rug". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved17 October 2022.
  222. ^"Rugged". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved14 October 2010.
  223. ^"Rump". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved17 October 2022.
  224. ^"Saga". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved13 July 2010.
  225. ^"Sale". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved13 July 2010.
  226. ^"Same". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved21 July 2010.
  227. ^"Scale". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved13 July 2010.
  228. ^"Scalp". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved5 March 2023.
  229. ^"Scant". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved13 July 2010.
  230. ^"Scare". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved13 July 2010.
  231. ^"Scarf". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved13 July 2010.
  232. ^"Scathe". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved13 July 2010.
  233. ^"Scoff". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved5 March 2023.
  234. ^"Scofflaw". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved23 December 2023.
  235. ^"Scold". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved6 January 2023.
  236. ^"Scorch". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved5 March 2023.
  237. ^"Score". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved13 July 2010.
  238. ^"Scowl". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved16 January 2023.
  239. ^"Scrag". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved11 March 2023.
  240. ^"Scrap". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved13 July 2010.
  241. ^"Scrape". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved13 July 2010.
  242. ^"Scrawny". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved5 January 2023.
  243. ^"Scree". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved29 October 2022.
  244. ^"Scuff". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved8 January 2023.
  245. ^"Seat". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved14 October 2010.
  246. ^"Seem". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved13 July 2010.
  247. ^"Shrimp". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved12 March 2023.
  248. ^"Shrivel". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved5 March 2023.
  249. ^"Shrug". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved4 December 2023.
  250. ^"Silt". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved16 January 2023.
  251. ^"Skate". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved13 July 2010.
  252. ^"Skeet". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved18 October 2023.
  253. ^"Skerry". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved22 October 2022.
  254. ^"Skewer". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved11 January 2023.
  255. ^"Ski". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved16 January 2023.
  256. ^"Skid". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved6 January 2023.
  257. ^"Skill". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved13 July 2010.
  258. ^"Skin". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved13 July 2010.
  259. ^"Skip". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved13 July 2010.
  260. ^"Skit". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved5 March 2023.
  261. ^"Skitter". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved11 January 2023.
  262. ^"Skirt". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved13 July 2010.
  263. ^"Skive". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved12 March 2023.
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  265. ^"Skua". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved9 July 2023.
  266. ^"Skull". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved13 July 2010.
  267. ^"Sky". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved13 July 2010.
  268. ^"Skyscraper". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved20 April 2023.
  269. ^"Slam". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved16 January 2023.
  270. ^"Slant". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved13 July 2010.
  271. ^"Slaughter". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved13 July 2010.
  272. ^"Slaver". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved13 July 2010.
  273. ^"Sledge". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved13 July 2010.
  274. ^"Sleight". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved13 July 2010.
  275. ^"Sleuth". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved13 July 2010.
  276. ^"Slight". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved12 March 2023.
  277. ^"Sling". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved26 October 2022.
  278. ^"Slob". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved17 January 2023.
  279. ^"Slot". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved30 November 2024.
  280. ^"Slouch". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved11 March 2023.
  281. ^"Slump". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved16 January 2023.
  282. ^"Slush". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved16 January 2023.
  283. ^"Sly". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved21 July 2010.
  284. ^"Smithy". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved8 January 2023.
  285. ^"Snag". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved8 January 2023.
  286. ^"Snare". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved25 August 2010.
  287. ^"Snape". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved17 October 2022.
  288. ^"Snipe". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved18 April 2023.
  289. ^"Sniper". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved18 April 2023.
  290. ^"Snub". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved13 July 2010.
  291. ^"Snug". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved29 October 2022.
  292. ^"Spike". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved5 January 2024.
  293. ^"Sprint". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved14 October 2010.
  294. ^"Squabble". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved8 March 2023.
  295. ^"Squall". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved22 October 2022.
  296. ^"Stack". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved8 January 2023.
  297. ^"Stagger". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved13 July 2010.
  298. ^"Stain". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved27 October 2010.
  299. ^"Steak". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved13 July 2010.
  300. ^"Stern". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved18 October 2023.
  301. ^"Stoup". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved12 March 2023.
  302. ^"Stumble". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved16 January 2023.
  303. ^"Swag". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved5 January 2023.
  304. ^"Swain". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved4 December 2023.
  305. ^"Sway". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved27 October 2010.
  306. ^"Tag". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved5 March 2023.
  307. ^"Tangle". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved22 October 2022.
  308. ^"Take". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved13 July 2010.
  309. ^"Tarn". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved13 July 2010.
  310. ^"Tatter". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved5 January 2023.
  311. ^"Teem". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved24 October 2014.
  312. ^"Tern". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved16 January 2023.
  313. ^"Tether". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved8 January 2023.
  314. ^"Their". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved13 July 2010.
  315. ^"They". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved13 July 2010.
  316. ^"Though". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved21 July 2010.
  317. ^"Thrall". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved13 July 2010.
  318. ^"Thrift". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved13 July 2010.
  319. ^"Thrive". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved26 October 2022.
  320. ^"Thrust". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved21 July 2010.
  321. ^"Thwart". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved21 July 2010.
  322. ^"Tidings". Oxford University Press. Retrieved25 August 2010.[dead link]
  323. ^"Tight". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved24 July 2010.
  324. ^"Till". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved13 July 2010.
  325. ^"Toft". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved6 January 2023.
  326. ^"Toss". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved6 January 2023.
  327. ^"Trash". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved8 January 2023.
  328. ^"Troll". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved13 July 2010.
  329. ^"Trust". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved13 July 2010.
  330. ^"Tryst". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved18 July 2023.
  331. ^"Tyke". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved8 January 2023.
  332. ^"Ugly". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved13 July 2010.
  333. ^"Until". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved13 July 2010.
  334. ^"Valkyrie". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved9 July 2023.
  335. ^"Viking". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved20 July 2010.
  336. ^"Vole". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved16 January 2023.
  337. ^"Wad". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved17 October 2023.
  338. ^"Wag". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved8 January 2023.
  339. ^"Waif". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved8 March 2023.
  340. ^"Wail". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved4 January 2023.
  341. ^"Waive". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved22 April 2024.
  342. ^"Walrus". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved10 October 2023.
  343. ^"Wand". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved13 July 2010.
  344. ^"Want". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved13 July 2010.
  345. ^"Wapentake". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved8 January 2023.
  346. ^"Wassail". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved8 January 2023.
  347. ^"Weak". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved13 July 2010.
  348. ^"Wheeze". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved5 January 2023.
  349. ^"Whirl". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved13 July 2010.
  350. ^"Whisk". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved13 July 2010.
  351. ^"Wicker". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved29 October 2022.
  352. ^"Wicket". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved13 July 2014.
  353. ^Elisabeth Ridel,Les Vikings et les mots : L'apport de l'ancien scandinave à la langue française, éditions Errance, Paris, 2009, pp. 276–277.
  354. ^"Wight". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved13 July 2010.
  355. ^"Wile". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved13 July 2010.
  356. ^Hoad, TF (ed)The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology (1993) Oxford University PressISBN 0-19-283098-8, p. 542a
  357. ^"Windlass". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved4 December 2023.
  358. ^"Window". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved13 July 2010.
  359. ^"Wing". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved13 July 2010.
  360. ^"Wreck". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved6 January 2023.
  361. ^"Wrong". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved24 July 2010.
  362. ^"Yaw". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved16 January 2023.

External links

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For a list of words relating to withOld Norse language origins, see theOld Norse derivations category of words inWiktionary, the free dictionary.
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