Test cricket is the oldest form ofcricket played atinternational level.^[1] A Test match is scheduled to take place over a period of five days,^[a][b] and is played by teams representingfull member nations of theInternational Cricket Council (ICC).^[5][6]England was a founding member of the ICC, having played thefirst Test match againstAustralia inMarch 1877 at theMelbourne Cricket Ground.^[7] As of November 2025^[update], they have played more Test matches than any other team, and of their 1090 games, have won 403, drawn 356 and lost 331.^[8] With 37.0 per cent of matches won, England are the third most successful team in the history of Test cricket, behind Australia on 48.2 per cent andSouth Africa on 39.7 per cent.^[8]

Middle-order batsman and formercaptainJoe Root holds several England Test cricket records. Making his Test debut in 2012, as of August 2025^[update] he has scored 13,551runs – making him the second England player toscore 10,000 Test runs and second overall in the list of top-scorers in Tests.^[9] He has made a record 66 half-centuries and 39 centuries,^[10] and was one half of the highest England Test partnership of 454. As aslip fielder, he holds the overall Test record for the most catches taken with 213.^[11][12] Captaining his side from 2016 until standing down in 2022, Root holds the record for the most matches played as English captain with 64.^[13]

The most successful Testwicket-taker for England isJames Anderson,^[14] who made his Test debut in 2003 and retired in 2024. He played in a total of 188 Test matches and took 704 wickets,^[15] both records for England.^[16] He has also picked upfive wickets in an innings on 32 occasions, which is the most for the national side.^[17] The corresponding record for takingten wickets in a match is held bySydney Barnes, who achieved this feat seven times. He also holds the Test record for the most wickets taken in a series, having removed members of the opposing side 49 times during theEngland tour of South Africa in 1913–14.^[18][19]Alan Knott is England's most successfulwicket-keeper, having taken 269 dismissals.^[20] England claims two age records:James Southerton as the oldest player to make his Test debut, at 49, andWilfred Rhodes, aged 52, as the oldest cricketer to ever play in a Test match.^[21][22]

The top five records are listed for each category, except for theteam wins, losses and draws and thepartnership records. Tied records for fifth place are also included. Explanations of the general symbols and cricketing terms used in the list are given below. Specific details are provided in each category where appropriate. All records include matches played forEngland only, and are correct as of December 2024^[update].

As of November 2025^[update], England have played 1,090 Test matches, more than any other team,resulting in 403 victories, 356 draws and 331 defeats for an overall winning percentage of 37.0, the third highest winning percentage of Test playing teams.^[8] England is undefeated againstZimbabwe andIreland, and has defeatedBangladesh on all but one occasion.^[23] England played the debut Test matches of Australia,India,New Zealand,South Africa,Sri Lanka and theWest Indies – winning all of them except against Australia.^[24]

Opposition	First Test	Matches	Won	Lost	Drawn	Tied	% Won
Australia	15 March 1877[25]	362	112	153	97	0	30.9
Bangladesh	21 October 2003[26]	10	9	1	0	0	90.0
India	25 June 1932[27]	141	53	37	51	0	37.6
Ireland	24 July 2019[28]	2	2	0	0	0	100.0
New Zealand	10 January 1930[29]	115	54	14	47	0	46.9
Pakistan	10 June 1954[30]	92	30	23	39	0	32.6
South Africa	12 March 1889[31]	156	66	35	55	0	42.3
Sri Lanka	17 February 1982[32]	39	19	9	11	0	48.7
West Indies	23 June 1928[33]	166	54	59	53	0	32.5
Zimbabwe	18 December 1996[34]	7	4	0	3	0	57.1
Total		1,090	403	331	356	0	37.0
Last updated: 24 November 2025[35][36]

The highest innings total scored in Test cricket came in the series between Sri Lanka and India inAugust 1997. Playing in the first Test at theR. Premadasa Stadium inColombo, the hosts posted a first innings total of 952/6d. This broke the longstanding record of 903/7d which England set against Australia in the final Test of the1938 Ashes series atThe Oval. This in turn broke England's 849 all out against the West Indies in1930.^[37]

Rank	Score	Opposition	Venue	Date
1	903/7d	Australia	The Oval, London, England	20 August 1938
2	849	West Indies	Sabina Park,Kingston, Jamaica	3 April 1930
3	823/7d	Pakistan	Multan Cricket Stadium,Multan, Pakistan	7 October 2024
4	710/7d	India	Edgbaston,Birmingham, England	10 August 2011
5	669	India	Old Trafford,Manchester, England	26 July 2025
Last updated: 26 July 2025[38]

The highest successful run chase came in the West Indies victory over Australia inMay 2003 at theAntigua Recreation Ground. Set 418 for victory in the final innings, the hosts achieved the target for the loss of seven wickets. England's highest successful chase came in the fifth Test of the2021 series against India atEdgbaston (held over until 2022 due to theCOVID-19 pandemic). England reached the target of 378 runs with seven wickets in hand, having successfully chased a target of over 300 runs in Test matches on only four previous occasions.^[39][40]

Rank	Score	Target	Opposition[c]	Venue	Date
1	378/3	378	India	Edgbaston,Birmingham, England	1 July 2022
2	373/5	371	India	Headingley,Leeds, England	20 June 2025
3	362/9	359	Australia	Headingley,Leeds, England	22 August 2019
4	332/7	332	Australia	Melbourne Cricket Ground,Melbourne, Australia	29 December 1928
5	315/4	315	Australia	Headingley,Leeds, England	16 August 2001
Last updated: 24 June 2025[39]

The lowest innings total scored in Test cricket came in the second Test of England's tour of New Zealand inMarch 1955. Trailing England by 46, New Zealand were bowled out in their second innings for 26 runs.^[42] The equal twelfth-lowest score in Test history is England's total of 45 scored in their first innings against Australia in the first Test of the1886–87 Ashes series.^[43]

Rank	Score	Opposition[c]	Venue	Date
1	45	Australia	Sydney Cricket Ground,Sydney, Australia	28 January 1887
2	46	West Indies	Queen's Park Oval,Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago	25 March 1994
3	51	West Indies	Sabina Park,Kingston, Jamaica	4 February 2009
4	52	Australia	The Oval, London, England	14 August 1948
5	53	Australia	Lord's, London, England	16 July 1888
Last updated: 30 July 2018[44]

A Test match iswon when one side has scored moreruns than the total runs scored by the opposing side during their twoinnings. If both sides have completed both their allocated innings and the side that fielded last has the higher aggregate of runs, it is known as a win by runs. This indicates the number of runs that they had scored more than the opposing side. If one side scores more runs in a single innings than the total runs scored by the other side in both their innings, it is known as a win by an innings and runs. If the side batting last wins the match, it is known as a win bywickets, indicating the number of wickets that were still to fall.^[47]

The fifth Test of the1938 Ashes series atThe Oval saw England win by an innings and 579 runs, the largest victory by an innings in Test cricket history. The next largest victory was Australia's win against South Africa in the first Test of the2001–02 tour at theWanderers Stadium, where the tourists won by an innings and 360 runs.^[46]

Rank	Margin	Opposition	Venue	Date
1	Innings and 579 runs ♠	Australia	The Oval, London, England	20 August 1938
2	Innings and 285 runs	India	Lord's, London, England	20 June 1974
3	Innings and 283 runs	West Indies	Headingley,Leeds, England	25 May 2007
4	Innings and 261 runs	Bangladesh	Lord's, London, England	26 May 2005
5	Innings and 244 runs	India	The Oval, London, England	15 August 2014
Last updated: 30 July 2018[48]

The greatest winning margin by runs in Test cricket was England's victory over Australia by 675 runs in the first Test of the1928–29 Ashes series. The next two largest victories were recorded by Australia including defeat over England in the final Test of the1934 Ashes series by 562 runs.^[49]

Rank	Margin	Opposition	Venue	Date
1	675 runs ♠	Australia	Brisbane Exhibition Ground,Brisbane, Australia	30 November 1928
2	354 runs	Pakistan	Trent Bridge,Nottingham, England	29 July 2010
3	347 runs	Australia	Lord's, London, England	18 July 2013
4	338 runs	Australia	Adelaide Oval,Adelaide, Australia	13 January 1933
5	330 runs	Pakistan	Old Trafford,Manchester, England	22 July 2016
Last updated: 30 July 2018[48]

England have won a Test match by a margin of 10 wickets on 21 occasions, the third highest behind Australia on 30 and the West Indies on 28.^{[48][50][51][d]}

Rank	Victories	Opposition	Most recent venue	Date
1	6	South Africa	Lord's, London, England	21 June 1951
2	5	West Indies	Edgbaston,Birmingham, England	28 July 2024
3	4	India	Wankhede Stadium,Mumbai, India	23 November 2012
4	3	Australia	Sydney Cricket Ground,Sydney, Australia	2 December 1932
5	2	Pakistan	Trent Bridge,Nottingham, England	10 August 1967
6	1	Sri Lanka	Old Trafford,Manchester, England	13 June 2002
Last updated: 28 July 2024[48]

England's narrowest win by runs was against Australia in the second Test of the2005 Ashes series atEdgbaston. Set 282 runs for victory in the final innings, Australia were bowled all out for 279 to give victory to the hosts by two runs.^[58] This was the second-narrowest win in Test cricket, with the narrowest being the West Indies' one-run win over Australiain 1993.^[60]

Rank	Margin	Opposition[c]	Venue	Date
1	2 runs	Australia	Edgbaston,Birmingham, England	4 August 2005
2	3 runs	Australia	Melbourne Cricket Ground,Melbourne, Australia	26 December 1982
3	10 runs	Australia	Sydney Cricket Ground,Sydney, Australia	14 December 1894
4	12 runs	Australia	Adelaide Oval,Adelaide, Australia	1 February 1929
			Melbourne Cricket Ground,Melbourne, Australia	26 December 1998
Last updated: 30 July 2018[61]

England have won by a margin of one wicket on four occasions, the most recent being the third Test of the2019 Ashes series atHeadingley. This match saw the hosts achieving their highest successful run chase in Test cricket of 359 runs,^[65] one of only fifteen one-wicket victories in Test cricket.^[61][66]

Rank	Margin	Opposition[c]	Venue	Date
1	1 wicket	Australia	The Oval, London, England	11 August 1902
		Australia	Melbourne Cricket Ground,Melbourne, Australia	1 January 1908
		South Africa	Newlands Cricket Ground,Cape Town, South Africa	1 January 1923
		Australia	Headingley,Leeds, England	22 August 2019
5	2 wickets	Australia	The Oval, London, England	11 August 1890
		South Africa	Kingsmead Cricket Ground,Durban, South Africa	16 December 1948
		South Africa	Centurion Park,Centurion, South Africa	14 January 2000
		West Indies	Lord's, London, England	29 June 2000
Last updated: 1 September 2019[61]

England suffered their greatest defeat by an innings atThe Gabba in the first Test of the1946–47 Ashes series, the first Test match to be played in Australia after theSecond World War.^[67][68] Going down to the hosts by an innings and 332 runs, this is the fourth-heaviest defeat in Test cricket history.^[46]

Rank	Margin	Opposition	Venue	Date
1	Innings and 332 runs	Australia	The Gabba,Brisbane, Australia	29 November 1946
2	Innings and 226 runs	West Indies	Lord's, London, England	23 August 1973
3	Innings and 215 runs	Sri Lanka	Singhalese Sports Club Cricket Ground,Colombo, Sri Lanka	18 December 2003
4	Innings and 200 runs	Australia	Melbourne Cricket Ground,Melbourne, Australia	26 February 1937
5	Innings and 180 runs	West Indies	Edgbaston,Birmingham, England	14 June 1984
		Australia	Trent Bridge,Nottingham, England	10 August 1989
Last updated: 30 July 2018[69]

The first Test of the1928–29 Ashes series saw Australia defeated by England by 675 runs, the greatest losing margin by runs in Test cricket. The results were reversed in the fifth and final Test of the1934 Ashes series atThe Oval where the tourists defeated the hosts by 562 runs, England's greatest defeat by runs.^[49]

Rank	Margin	Opposition	Venue	Date
1	562 runs	Australia	The Oval, London, England	18 August 1934
2	434 runs	India	Niranjan Shah Stadium,Rajkot, India	15 February 2024
3	425 runs	West Indies	Old Trafford,Manchester, England	8 July 1976
4	423 runs	New Zealand	Seddon Park, Hamilton, New Zealand	14 December 2024
5	409 runs	Australia	Lord's, London, England	24 June 1948
Last updated: 17 December 2024[69]

England have lost a Test match by a margin of 10 wickets on 25 occasions, more than any other Test playing team.^[69][e]

Rank	Defeats	Opposition	Most recent venue	Date
1	8	West Indies	Sir Vivian Richards Stadium, North Sound, Antigua and Barbuda	24 March 2022
2	7	Australia	The Gabba,Brisbane, Australia	23 November 2017
3	4	Pakistan	The Oval, London, England	11 August 2016
4	3	South Africa	Headingley,Leeds, England	18 July 2008
5	2	India	Narendra Modi Stadium,Ahmedabad, India	24 February 2021
6	1	Sri Lanka	The Oval, London, England	27 August 1998
Last updated: 28 March 2022[69]

Only two matches in148 years of Test cricket have been decided by a margin of one run. First was the fourth Test of the West Indian tour of Australia in1992–93 where the visitors secured victory, which was equalled in England's loss in the second Test of their2023 tour to New Zealand atBasin Reserve,Wellington. England had made New Zealandfollow-on, but a second innings of 483 from the home team set a target of 257. This was also only the fourth time that a team made to follow-on had won a Test.^[60][81]

Rank	Margin	Opposition[c]	Venue	Date
1	1 run	New Zealand	Basin Reserve,Wellington, New Zealand	24 February 2023
2	3 runs	Australia	Old Trafford,Manchester, England	24 July 1902
3	6 runs	Australia	Sydney Cricket Ground,Sydney, Australia	20 February 1885
		India	The Oval, London, England	31 July 2025
5	7 runs	Australia	The Oval, London, England	28 August 1882
Last updated: 4 August 2025[64]

Test cricket has seen fifteen matches decided by a margin of one wicket, with England being defeated in one of them.^[66] The first Test of the1905–06 series against South Africa atOld Wanderers saw the home side chase down the target of 284 runs in the final innings.^[82]

Rank	Margin	Opposition[c][f]	Venue	Date
1	1 wicket	South Africa	Old Wanderers,Johannesburg, South Africa	2 January 1906
2	2 wickets	Australia	Sydney Cricket Ground,Sydney, Australia	13 December 1907
		West Indies	Trent Bridge,Nottingham, England	5 June 1980
		Pakistan	Lord's London, England	18 June 1992
		Australia	EdgbastonBirmingham, England	16 June 2023
Last updated: 16 August 2023[64]

Arun is the basic means ofscoring in cricket. A run is scored when the batsman hits theball with hisbat and with his partner runs the length of 22 yards (20 m) of thepitch.^[85]

India'sSachin Tendulkar has scored the most runs in Test cricket with 15,921. Second isJoe Root, one of two England batsman to have scored more than10,000 runs in Test cricket, with 13,551.^[9]

The final Test of the2003–04 series of theWisden Trophy, contested between England and the West Indies, at theAntigua Recreation Ground sawBrian Lara of the West Indies set the highest Test score with 400not out.^[86]Len Hutton's score of 364 runs against Australia during the final Test of the1938 Ashes series atThe Oval is the sixth highest individual score in Test cricket and the highest by an England player.Wally Hammond's 336, scored against New Zealand in1933, is the third highest not out Test innings and the ninth highest overall.^[87] Hutton's, Hammond's andAndy Sandham's 325 against the West Indies in1930 were Test record scores at the time they were scored.^[88]

Rank	Runs	Player	Opposition	Venue	Date
1	364	Len Hutton	Australia	The Oval,London, England	20 August 1938
2	336*	Wally Hammond	New Zealand	Eden Park,Auckland, New Zealand	31 March 1933
3	333	Graham Gooch	India	Lord's,London, England	26 July 1990
4	325	Andy Sandham	West Indies	Sabina Park,Kingston, Jamaica	3 April 1930
5	317	Harry Brook	Pakistan	Multan Cricket Stadium,Multan, Pakistan	7 October 2024
Last updated: 10 October 2024[89]

A batsman'sbatting average is the total number of runs they have scored divided by the number of times they have been dismissed.^[91]

Australia'sDon Bradman, widely acknowledged as the greatest batsman of all time, finished his Test career with an average of 99.94.^[92] With 60.73,Herbert Sutcliffe is one of only five batsmen to finish his international career with an average above 60.^[93]

A half-century is a score of between 50 and 99 runs. Statistically, once a batsman's score reaches 100, it is no longer considered a half-century but a century.^[94]

Sachin Tendulkar (India) has scored the most half-centuries in Test cricket with 68, and is followed byShivnarine Chanderpaul (West Indies) and England'sJoe Root with 66 fifties to their name.^[95]

Acentury is a score of 100 or more runs in a single innings.^[97]

Tendulkar has also scored the most centuries in Test cricket with 51. South Africa'sJacques Kallis is next on 45 and Ricky Ponting with 41 hundreds is in third. The highest ranked England player isJoe Root in fourth place, with 39 centuries.^[98]

Adouble century is a score of 200 or more runs in a single innings.

Bradman holds the Test record for the most double centuries scored with twelve, one ahead of Sri Lanka'sKumar Sangakkara who finished his career with eleven. In third isBrian Lara of the West Indies with nine. England'sWally Hammond, India'sVirat Kohli andMahela Jayawardene of Sri Lanka have all reached the mark on seven occasions.^[99]

Atriple century is a score of 300 or more runs in a single innings.

Four cricketers hold the Test record for the mosttriple centuries scored with two – Don Bradman, India'sVirender Sehwag and West IndiansChris Gayle andBrian Lara.^[102] Six England players have scored a single Test triple century withHarry Brook the most recent to do so in 2024, as of May 2025^[update].^[103]

The1930 Ashes series in England saw Bradman set the record for the most runs scored in a single series, falling just 26 short of 1,000 runs. He is followed byWally Hammond with 905 runs scored in the1928–29 Ashes series.Alastair Cook's 766 runs scored during the2010–11 Ashes series ranks in 14th.^[100]

Aduck refers to a batsman being dismissed without scoring a run.^[106] Former West Indian fast bowlerCourtney Walsh has scored the highest number of ducks in Test cricket with 43, followed by England'sStuart Broad with 39.James Anderson, with 34 scoreless innings, is seventh on the list.^[107]

Abowler takes thewicket of a batsman when the form of dismissal isbowled,caught,leg before wicket,stumped orhit wicket. If the batsman is dismissed byrun out,obstructing the field,handling the ball,hitting the ball twice ortimed out the bowler does not receive credit.

Sri Lankan bowlerMuttiah Muralitharan holds the record for taking the most wickets in Test cricket with 800, followed by Australia'sShane Warne who previously held the record with 708.^[109][110]James Anderson of England is third on the list with 704 Test wickets to his name, having passed Australia'sGlenn McGrath to become thefast bowler with the most Test wickets inSeptember 2018.^[15][111]Stuart Broad, with 604, is the second-highest England Test wicket-taker and fifth overall, after becoming the second fast bowler to overtake McGrath's total of 563 wickets inSeptember 2022.^[109][112] Of genuineall-rounders, no England player has taken more wickets thanIan Botham, who also scored 5,200 Test runs.^[113][114]

Bowling figures refers to the number of the wickets a bowler has taken and the number of runs conceded.^[115]

There have been three occasions in Test cricket where a bowler has taken all ten wickets in a single innings –Jim Laker of England took 10/53 against Australia in1956, India'sAnil Kumble in 1999 returned figures of 10/74against Pakistan and in2021Ajaz Patel of New Zealand took 10/119 against India.George Lohmann, one of sixteen bowlers who have taken nine wickets in a Test match innings, sits fourth on the list taking figures of 9/28against South Africa in 1896.^[116]

Rank	Figures	Player	Opposition[f]	Venue	Date
1	10/53 ♠	Jim Laker	Australia	Old Trafford,Manchester, England	26 July 1956
2	9/28	George Lohmann	South Africa	Old Wanderers,Johannesburg, South Africa	2 March 1896
3	9/37	Jim Laker	Australia	Old Trafford,Manchester, England	26 July 1956
4	9/57	Devon Malcolm	South Africa	The Oval,London, England	18 August 1994
5	9/103	Sydney Barnes	South Africa	Old Wanderers,Johannesburg, South Africa	26 December 1913
Last updated: 30 July 2018[117]

A bowler's bowling figures in a match is the sum of the wickets taken and the runs conceded over both innings.

No bowler in the history of Test cricket has taken all 20 wickets in a match. The closest to do so was Englishspin bowlerJim Laker. During the fourth Test of the1956 Ashes series, Laker took 9/37 in the first innings and 10/53 in the second to finish with match figures of 19/90.^[118]Sydney Barnes's figures of 17/159, taken in the second Test of the1913–14 South African tour, is the second-best in Test cricket history.^[119]

Rank	Figures	Player	Opposition[f]	Venue	Date
1	19/90 ♠	Jim Laker	Australia	Old Trafford,Manchester, England	26 July 1956
2	17/159	Sydney Barnes	South Africa	Old Wanderers,Johannesburg, South Africa	26 December 1913
3	15/28	Johnny Briggs	South Africa	Newlands Cricket Ground,Cape Town, South Africa	25 March 1889
4	15/45	George Lohmann	South Africa	St George's Park Cricket Ground,Port Elizabeth, South Africa	13 February 1896
5	15/99	Colin Blythe	South Africa	Headingley,Leeds, England	29 July 1907
Last updated: 30 July 2018[120]

A bowler'sbowling average is the total number of runs they have conceded divided by the number of wickets they have taken.

Nineteenth century English medium pacerGeorge Lohmann holds the record for the best career average in Test cricket with 10.75.J. J. Ferris, one of fifteen cricketers to haveplayed Test cricket for more than one team,^[123] is second behind Lohmann with an overall career average of 12.70 runs per wicket.Billy Barnes is third on the list, finishing his Test career with an average of 15.54.^[121]

A bowler'sstrike rate is the total number ofballs they have bowled divided by the number of wickets they have taken.^[106]

As with the career average above, the top two bowlers with the best Test career strike rate areGeorge Lohmann andJ. J. Ferris, with Lohmann on 34.1 and Ferris with an overall career strike rate of 37.7 balls per wicket.^[122]

A bowler'seconomy rate is the total number of runs they have conceded divided by the number ofovers they have bowled.^[106]

English bowlerWilliam Attewell, who played 10 Tests between 1884 and 1892, holds the Test record for the best career economy rate with 1.31.Cliff Gladwin, with a rate of 1.60 runs per over conceded over his 8-match Test career, is second on the list.^[126]

Afive-wicket haul refers to a bowler taking five wickets in a single innings.^[128]

Sri Lanka'sMuttiah Muralitharan has taken the most five-wicket hauls in Test cricket with 67 throughout his career followed byShane Warne achieving 37.James Anderson is the highest ranked England player in sixth, with 32.^[129]

Aten-wicket haul refers to a bowler taking ten or more wickets in a match over two innings.

As with the five-wicket hauls above,Muttiah Muralitharan leadsShane Warne in taking the most ten-wicket hauls in Test cricket with Muralitharan having taken 22 to Warne's 10.Sydney Barnes of England is in equal sixth with three other bowlers, each achieving the feat on seven occasions.^[130]

The worst figures in a single innings in Test cricket came in thethird Test between the West Indies at home toPakistan in 1958. Pakistan'sKhan Mohammad returned figures of 0/259 from his 54 overs in the second innings of the match.^[131][132] The worst figures by an England player are 0/169 that came off the bowling ofTich Freeman in his final Test appearance.^[133][134]

Rank	Figures	Player	Overs	Opposition	Venue	Date
1	0/169	Tich Freeman	49	South Africa	The Oval,London, England	17 August 1929
2	0/163	Adil Rashid	34	Pakistan	Zayed Sports City Stadium,Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates	13 October 2015
3	0/155	Moeen Ali	52	South Africa	Newlands Cricket Ground,Cape Town, South Africa	2 January 2016
4	0/152	Pat Pocock	57	West Indies	Sabina Park,Kingston, Jamaica	16 February 1974
5	0/151	Graeme Swann	52	South Africa	The Oval,London, England	19 July 2012
Last updated: 30 July 2018[135]

The worst figures in a match in Test cricket were taken by South Africa'sImran Tahir in the second Test against Australia at theAdelaide Oval inNovember 2012. He returned figures of 0/180 from his 23 overs in the first innings and 0/80 off 14 in the third innings for a total of 0/260 from 37 overs.^[136] He claimed the record in his final over when two runs came from it – enough for him to pass the previous record of 0/259, set 54 years prior.^{[137][138][139]}

The worst figures by an England player came in the fourth Test of the1989–90 tour of the West Indies whenDevon Malcolm returned figures of 0/142 and 0/46 for a total of 0/188 off 43 overs.^[140]

Rank	Figures	Player	Overs	Opposition	Venue	Date
1	0/188	Devon Malcolm	43	West Indies	Kensington Oval,Bridgetown, Barbados	5 April 1990
2	0/184	Ian Salisbury	33	Pakistan	Old Trafford,Manchester, England	2 July 1992
3	0/184	Maurice Tate	100	Australia	Melbourne Cricket Ground,Melbourne, Australia	8 March 1929
4	0/169	Tich Freeman	49	South Africa	The Oval,London, England	17 August 1929
5	0/166	Hedley Verity	57	Australia	The Oval,London, England	18 August 1934
Last updated: 30 July 2018[141]

England's seventh Test tour of South Africa in 1913–14 saw the record set for the most wickets taken by a bowler in a Test series. English pacemanSydney Barnes played in four of the five matches and achieved a total of 49 wickets to his name.Jim Laker sits second on the list with 46 wickets taken during the1956 Ashes series.^[19]

Thewicket-keeper is a specialistfielder who stands behind thestumps being guarded by the batsman onstrike and is the only member of the fielding side allowed to wear gloves and leg pads.^[143]

A wicket-keeper can be credited with the dismissal of a batsman in two ways,caught orstumped. A fair catch is taken when theball is caught fully within the field of play without it bouncing after the ball has touched the striker'sbat or glove holding the bat,^[144][145] while a stumping occurs when the wicket-keeper puts down the wicket while the batsman is out of hisground and not attempting a run.^[146]

South Africa'sMark Boucher has taken the most dismissals in Test cricket as a designated wicket-keeper with 555, followed byAdam Gilchrist of Australia on 416. England'sAlan Knott, who took 269 dismissals during his 95-Test match career, is eighth on the list. He is followed by his compatriotsMatt Prior andAlec Stewart in tenth and eleventh with 256 and 241 dismissals respectively.^[147]

Boucher also leads Gilchrist in the number ofcatches taken as a designated wicket-keeper in Test cricket, 532 to 379. Alan Knott, with 250 catches to his name is ninth on this list. He is again followed by Prior and Stewart in tenth and eleventh with 243 and 227 catches respectively.^[148]

Australia'sBert Oldfield holds the record for the moststumpings in Test cricket with 52. He is followed byGodfrey Evans of England with 46 to his name.^[150]

Four wicket-keepers have taken seven dismissals in a single innings in a Test match—Wasim Bari of Pakistan in 1979, EnglishmanBob Taylor in 1980, New Zealand'sIan Smith in 1991 and most recently West Indian glovemanRidley Jacobs against Australia in 2000.^[152]

The feat of taking 6 dismissals in an innings has been achieved by 25 wicket-keepers on 33 occasions including 7 Englishmen on 11 occasions.^[153]

Rank	Dismissals	Player	Opposition	Venue	Date
1	7 ♠	Bob Taylor	India	Wankhede Stadium,Mumbai, India	15 February 1980
2	6	John Murray	India	Lord's,London, England	22 June 1967
		Jack Russell	Australia	Melbourne Cricket Ground,Melbourne, Australia	26 December 1990
			South Africa	Wanderers Stadium,Johannesburg, South Africa	30 November 1995
		Alec Stewart	Australia	Old Trafford,Manchester, England	3 July 1997
		Chris Read	New Zealand	Edgbaston,Birmingham, England	1 July 1999
		Geraint Jones	Bangladesh	Riverside Ground,Chester-le-Street, England	3 June 2005
		Chris Read	Australia	Melbourne Cricket Ground,Melbourne, Australia	26 December 2006
			Australia	Sydney Cricket Ground,Sydney, Australia	2 January 2007
		Matt Prior	Australia	Melbourne Cricket Ground,Melbourne, Australia	26 December 2010
			South Africa	Lord's,London, England	16 August 2012
		Jonny Bairstow	South Africa	Wanderers Stadium,Johannesburg, South Africa	14 January 2016
Last updated: 30 July 2018[154]

Brad Haddin holds the Test cricket record for the most dismissals taken by a wicket-keeper in a series. He took 29 catches during the2013 Ashes series which broke the previous record held by fellow AustralianRod Marsh when he took 28 catches in the1982–83 Ashes series.Jack Russell of England is equal third with 27 dismissals taken during the1995–96 tour of South Africa.^[155]

Caught is one of the nine methods a batsman can bedismissed in cricket.^[g] A fair catch is defined as a fielder catching theball, from a legaldelivery, fully within thefield of play without it bouncing when the ball has touched the striker'sbat or glove holding the bat.^[144][145] The majority of catches are caught in theslips, located behind the batsman, next to the wicket-keeper, on theoff side of the field. Most slip fielders aretop order batsmen.^[158][159]

Joe Root holds the record for the most catches in Test cricket by a non-wicket-keeper with 213.^[11]

The1920–21 Ashes series, in which Australiawhitewashed England 5–0 for the first time,^[160] saw the record set for the most catches taken by a non-wicket-keeper in a Test series. Australianall-rounderJack Gregory took 15 catches in the series as well as 23 wickets.^[161]Greg Chappell andKL Rahul are joint second behind Gregory with 14 catches taken during the1974–75 Ashes series and the2018 India tour of England respectively. The same series saw Alastair Cook become the highest placed England player in equal fourth with 13 catches taken alongsideBob Simpson,Brian Lara andRahul Dravid.^[162]

India'sSachin Tendulkar holds the record for the most Test matches played with 200, withJames Anderson in second as of November 2024^[update] with 188caps. Former captainsRicky Ponting andSteve Waugh are joint third with each having represented Australia on 168 occasions. Anderson is one of 17 cricketers to haveplayed 100 Tests for England.^[164][165]

Former English captainAlastair Cook holds the record for the most consecutive Test matches played with 159.^[166] Cook equalled the previous record of 153, set by Australia'sAllan Border, during the first Test of thetwo-match series against Pakistan in May 2018^[167] and broke it by playing in the second Test of the same series.^[168] Former English captainJoe Root brought his run of 77 consecutive Tests to an end when he missed the first Test against the West Indies inJuly 2020, due to the birth of his second child.^[169][170]

Graeme Smith, who led the South African cricket team from 2003 to 2014, holds the record for the most matches played as captain in Test cricket with 109.Allan Border, who captained Australia from 1984 to 1994 is second with 93 matches.Joe Root, is seventh on the list with 64 matches as of January 2023^[update].^[171]

The youngest player to play in a Test match is claimed to beHasan Raza at the age of 14 years and 227 days. Making his debut for Pakistanagainst Zimbabwe on 24 October 1996, there is some doubt as to the validity of Raza's age at the time.^[172][173] The youngest cricketer to play Test cricket for England wasRehan Ahmed who was 18 years and 126 days old when he debuted in thethird Test of the series against Pakistan in December 2022.^[174][175]

Rank	Age	Player	Opposition[f]	Venue	Date
1	18 years and 126 days	Rehan Ahmed	Pakistan	National Stadium,Karachi, Pakistan	17 December 2022
2	18 years and 149 days	Brian Close	New Zealand	Old Trafford,Manchester, England	23 July 1949
3	19 years and 32 days	Jack Crawford	South Africa	Old Wanderers,Johannesburg, South Africa	2 January 1906
4	19 years and 83 days	Denis Compton	New Zealand	The Oval,London, England	14 August 1937
5	19 years and 269 days	Ben Hollioake	Australia	Trent Bridge,Nottingham, England	7 August 1997
Last updated: 9 January 2023[175]

At 49 years and 119 days,James Southerton of England, playing in the very first Test match in March 1877, is the oldest player to make his debut in Test cricket. Second on the list isMiran Bakhsh of Pakistan who at 47 years and 284 days made his debutagainst India in 1955.^[21]

Rank	Age	Player	Opposition[c]	Venue	Date
1	49 years and 119 days ♠	James Southerton	Australia	Melbourne Cricket Ground,Melbourne, Australia	15 March 1877
2	41 years and 337 days	Rockley Wilson	Australia	Sydney Cricket Ground,Sydney, Australia	25 February 1921
3	40 years and 216 days	Septimus Kinneir	Australia	Sydney Cricket Ground,Sydney, Australia	15 December 1911
4	40 years and 110 days	Harry Lee	South Africa	Old Wanderers,Johannesburg, South Africa	13 February 1931
5	39 years and 360 days	Arthur Wood	Australia	The Oval,London, England	20 August 1938
Last updated: 30 July 2018[21]

England all-rounderWilfred Rhodes is the oldest player to appear in a Test match. Playing in thefourth Test against the West Indies in 1930 atSabina Park, inKingston, Jamaica, he was aged 52 years and 165 days on the final day's play. The second-oldest Test player isBert Ironmonger who was aged 50 years and 327 days when he represented Australia for the final time in the fifth Test of the1932–33 Ashes series at theSydney Cricket Ground.^[22]

Rank	Age	Player	Opposition[c]	Venue	Date
1	52 years and 165 days ♠	Wilfred Rhodes	West Indies	Sabina Park,Kingston, Jamaica	3 April 1930
2	50 years and 320 days	W. G. Grace	Australia	Trent Bridge,Nottingham, England	1 June 1899
3	50 years and 303 days	George Gunn	West Indies	Sabina Park,Kingston, Jamaica	3 April 1930
4	49 years and 139 days	James Southerton	Australia	Melbourne Cricket Ground,Melbourne, Australia	31 March 1877
5	47 years and 249 days	Jack Hobbs	Australia	The Oval,London, England	16 August 1930
Last updated: 30 July 2018[22]

In cricket, two batsmen are always present at thecrease batting together in a partnership. This partnership will continue until one of them isdismissed,retires or the innings comes to a close.

A wicket partnership describes the number of runs scored before each wicket falls. The first wicket partnership is between the opening batsmen and continues until the first wicket falls. The second wicket partnership then commences between thenot out batsman and the number three batsman. This partnership continues until the second wicket falls. The third wicket partnership then commences between the not out batsman and the new batsman. This continues down to the tenth wicket partnership. When the tenth wicket has fallen, there is no batsman left to partner so the innings is closed.

English batsmen hold four Test wicket partnerships records, all set since 2010.Joe Root andHarry Brook scored 454 for the fourth wicket against Pakistanat Multan in 2024.^[176]Ben Stokes andJonny Bairstow came together in the second Test of the2015–16 series against South Africa atNewlands Cricket Ground and put together a sixth wicket partnership of 399 runs.^[177][178] The pair ofJonathan Trott andStuart Broad set the highest eighth wicket partnership of 332 runs atLord's inAugust 2010 against Pakistan.^[179] Finally, the tenth wicket partnership of 198 was made byJoe Root andJames Anderson in thefirst Test against India atTrent Bridge in July 2014.^[180][181]

Wicket	Runs	First batsman	Second batsman	Opposition	Venue	Date
1st wicket	359	Len Hutton	Cyril Washbrook	South Africa	Ellis Park Stadium,Johannesburg, South Africa	27 December 1948
2nd wicket	382	Len Hutton	Maurice Leyland	Australia	The Oval,London, England	20 August 1938
3rd wicket	370	Bill Edrich	Denis Compton	South Africa	Lord's,London, England	21 June 1947
4th wicket	454 ♠	Joe Root	Harry Brook	Pakistan	Multan Cricket Stadium,Multan, Pakistan	7 October 2024
5th wicket	359	Zak Crawley	Jos Buttler	Pakistan	Rose Bowl,Southampton, England	21 August 2020
6th wicket	399 ♠	Ben Stokes	Jonny Bairstow	South Africa	Newlands Cricket Ground,Cape Town, South Africa	2 January 2016
7th wicket	241	Jonny Bairstow	Jamie Overton	New Zealand	Headingley,Yorkshire, England	23 June 2022
8th wicket	332 ♠	Jonathan Trott	Stuart Broad	Pakistan	Lord's,London, England	26 August 2010
9th wicket	163*	Colin Cowdrey	Alan Smith	New Zealand	Basin Reserve,Wellington, New Zealand	1 March 1963
10th wicket	198 ♠	Joe Root	James Anderson	India	Trent Bridge,Nottingham, England	9 July 2014
Last updated: 10 October 2024[182]

The highest Test partnership by runs for any wicket is held by the Sri Lankan pairing ofKumar Sangakkara andMahela Jayawardene who put together a third wicket partnership of 624 runs during thefirst Test against South Africa in July 2006. This broke the record of 576 runs set by their compatriotsSanath Jayasuriya andRoshan Mahanama against Indiain 1997. New Zealand'sAndrew Jones andMartin Crowe hold the third-highest Test partnership with 467 made in 1991against Sri Lanka. The English pairing ofJoe Root andHarry Brook together scored 454 for the fourth wicket against Pakistan in2024 to place themselves fourth on the list.^[183]

Wicket	Runs	First batsman	Second batsman	Opposition	Venue	Date
4th wicket	454	Joe Root	Harry Brook	Pakistan	Multan Cricket Stadium,Multan, Pakistan	7 October 2024
4th wicket	411	Peter May	Colin Cowdrey	West Indies	Edgbaston,Birmingham, England	30 May 1957
6th wicket	399	Ben Stokes	Jonny Bairstow	South Africa	Newlands Cricket Ground,Cape Town, South Africa	2 January 2016
2nd wicket	382	Len Hutton	Maurice Leyland	Australia	The Oval,London, England	20 August 1938
3rd wicket	370	Bill Edrich	Denis Compton	South Africa	Lord's,London, England	21 June 1947
Last updated: 10 October 2024[184]

Anumpire in cricket is a person who officiates the match according to theLaws of Cricket. Two umpires adjudicate the match on the field, whilst athird umpire has access to video replays, and afourth umpire looks after the match balls and other duties. The records below are only for on-field umpires.

Aleem Dar of Pakistan holds the record for the most Test matches umpired with 145. Dar set the record inDecember 2019 overtaking West IndianSteve Bucknor's mark of 128 matches.^[187] They are followed by South Africa'sRudi Koertzen who officiated in 108. The most experienced Englishman isRichard Kettleborough who is sixth on the list with 93 Test matches umpired.^[188]