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List of Christian martyrs

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Martyrdom ofSt. Paul byTintoretto
This is adynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help byediting the page to add missing items, with references toreliable sources.

This is a list of reputedmartyrs ofChristianity; it includes only notable people with Wikipedia articles. Not all Christian confessions accept every figure on this list as a martyr or Christian—see the linked articles for fuller discussion. In many types of Christianity, martyrdom is considered a direct path to sainthood and many names on this list are viewed as saints in one or more confessions.

Apostolic Age—1st century

Martyrdom of Saint Stephen byGiovanni Andrea de Ferrari (1598-1669)
The crucifixion of Saint Peter byCaravaggio (1601)

According to the Gospels and Acts of the Apostles

According to early sources

According to tradition

Age of Martyrdom—2nd to 4th centuries

Pope St. Fabian andSaint Sebastian,Giovanni di Paolo
The martyrdom ofSt. Alban, from a 13th-century manuscript, now in the Trinity College Library, Dublin. Note the executioner's eyes falling out of his head

According to early Christian tradition

With some historical attestation within a hundred years of the event

With some historical attestation more than a hundred years after the event

Largely or wholly legendary

Middle Ages—5th to 15th-centuries

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Drawing ofVardan Mamikonian with his soldiers during theBattle of Avarayr (451 AD), where he became a martyr.
Madonna and Child with St Peter Martyr, byLorenzo Lotto
Joan of Arc being burned at the stake, byJules-Eugène Lenepveu

Reformation Era—16th century

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Dirk Willems etching fromMartyrs Mirror
"Death ofCranmer", from the 1887Foxe's Book of Martyrs

Modern Era—17th to 21st centuries

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Feodosia Morozova, anOld Believer being arrested by Czarist authorities
An illustration depicts the brutal death of FatherLuís Jayme by the hands of angry natives atMission San Diego de Alcalá inAlta California, November 4, 1775

See also

References

  1. ^Matthew 2:16–18
  2. ^Matthew 14:1–12
  3. ^Acts 7:54–60
  4. ^Acts 12:1–2
  5. ^Revelation 2:13
  6. ^Lyons, George.Antiquities of the Jews - Book XX, Chapter 9. Retrieved6 December 2016.
  7. ^Quintus Septimius Florens, Tertullian."Prescription Against Heretics Chapter XXXVI". ccel.org. Retrieved1 June 2015. "Since, moreover, you are close upon Italy, you have Rome, from which there comes even into our own hands the very authority (of apostles themselves). How happy is its church, on which apostles poured forth all their doctrine along with their blood; where Peter endures a passion like his Lord's; where Paul wins his crown in a death like John's[the Baptist]; where the Apostle John was first plunged, unhurt, into boiling oil, and thence remitted to his island-exile."
  8. ^Ignatius of Antioch,Letter to the Ephesians, Chapter XII
  9. ^The legends surrounding Andrew are discussed inF. Dvornik, "The Idea of Apostolicity in Byzantium and the Legend of the Apostle Andrew",Dumbarton Oaks Studies, IV (Cambridge) 1958.
  10. ^"CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: St. Matthew".
  11. ^Schaff, Philip (1885)."Ante-Nicene Fathers, Volume 8".Christian Classics Ethereal Library. Retrieved14 March 2007.
  12. ^Farmer, David (2011).The Oxford Dictionary of Saints, Fifth Edition Revised. Oxford University Press. p. 418.ISBN 978-0199596607.
  13. ^"CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Apocrypha".
  14. ^"CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: St. Bartholomew".
  15. ^"Faith ND:St. James, son of Alphaeus".
  16. ^Cross, Frank Leslie; Livingstone, Elizabeth A. (2005).The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. Oxford University Press. p. 160.ISBN 978-0-19-280290-3.
  17. ^Jones, Terry H (6 January 2009)."Saint Simon the Apostle". Saints.SQPN.com. Retrieved29 March 2010.
  18. ^"St. Simon of Zealot". Catholic Online. Retrieved29 March 2010.
  19. ^Pope Shenouda III.The Beholder of God Mark the Evangelist Saint and Martyr, Chapter Seven.Tasbeha.org
  20. ^"Encyclopedia Brittanca: Saint Luke".
  21. ^"CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Epistles to Timothy and Titus".
  22. ^"CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Philemon".
  23. ^Henry Wace,Dictionary of Christian Biography and Literature to the End of the Sixth Century A.D., with an Account of the Principal Sects and Heresies,s.v. "Polycarpus, bishop of Smyrna".
  24. ^Lebreton, J. (1910).St. Justin Martyr. InThe Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. Retrieved November 2, 2013.
  25. ^Smith, Clyde Curry. "Speratus", Dictionary of African Christian Biography, 2004
  26. ^Foley O.F.M., Leonard.Saint of the Day, (revised by Pat McCloskey O.F.M.), Franciscan MediaISBN 978-0-86716-887-7
  27. ^Latin Saints of the Orthodox Patriarchate of Rome
  28. ^Whitehead, Kenneth D. "Witnesses of the Passion",Touchstone Magazine
  29. ^"The Letter of the Churchs of Vienna and Lyons to the Churches of Asia and Phrygia",Medieval Sourcebook, Fordham University
  30. ^Meier, P. Gabriel (1909)."Pope St. Fabian" .Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 5.
  31. ^Fr. Paolo O. Pirlo, SHMI (1997). "St. Sebastian".My First Book of Saints. Sons of Holy Mary Immaculate - Quality Catholic Publications. pp. 22–23.ISBN 971-91595-4-5.
  32. ^Millar, Fergus (1993).The Roman Near East, 31 B.C.-A.D. 337. Harvard University Press.ISBN 978-0-674-77886-3.
  33. ^"NPNF210. Ambrose: Selected Works and Letters - Christian Classics Ethereal Library". Ccel.org. 2005-06-01. Retrieved2009-01-21.
  34. ^"Sts. Felix and Adauctus".Catholic Encyclopedia. Retrieved21 December 2016.
  35. ^Amore, Agostino (5 Nov 2008)."Santi Marcellino e Pietro". Santi e Beati. RetrievedJanuary 9, 2009.
  36. ^Homilies xix in P.G., XXXI, 507 sqq.
  37. ^"St. Euphemia the All-Praised", Antiochian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese
  38. ^Chapman, John. "St. Cyprian of Carthage." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 4. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1908. 15 Jan. 2013
  39. ^Nicholson, Oliver (2018)."Athenogenes of Pedachthoe". In Nicholson, Oliver (ed.).The Oxford Dictionary of Late Antiquity.Oxford University Press. p. 172.ISBN 9780192562463. Retrieved2024-09-12.
  40. ^Bede."Ecclesiastical History of the English People".Internet History Sourcebook. Fordham University. Retrieved3 November 2013.
  41. ^Chronicle, from the Latin translation of Jerome, p. 276.
  42. ^Butler, Alban (1799).The Lives of the Primitive Fathers, Martyrs, and other Principal Saints: Compiled from Original Monuments, and other Authentic Records: Illustrated with the Remarks of Judicious Modern Critics and Historians (3rd ed.). Edinburgh: J. Moir for J. P. Coghlan.
  43. ^"Kirsch, Johann Peter. "St. Lawrence." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 9. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1910. 9 February 2013".
  44. ^"CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: St. Lucy".
  45. ^Hubertus Drobner,Der heilige Pankratius: Leben, Legende und Verehrung 2nd rev. ed. 2005.
  46. ^Mershman, Francis. "St. Vincent." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 15. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1912. 12 Feb. 2015
  47. ^"St. Benedicta".olmcsi.org. Retrieved23 June 2024.
  48. ^Kirsch, Johann Peter (1911)."St. Petronilla" .Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 11.
  49. ^Kirsch, Johann Peter. "St. Afra." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 1. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1907. 12 Apr. 2013
  50. ^Attwater, Donald (1995) [1965].Dictionary of Saints (Third ed.). London: Penguin Reference.
  51. ^Herbert Thurston (1913)."St. Januarius" . In Herbermann, Charles (ed.).Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
  52. ^"XVI kalendas Martii Interamnae Via Flaminia miliario ab Urbe Roma LXIII natale Valentini." In J. B. de Rossi, p. 20 (XVI KL. MAR.). See also M. Schoepflin, p. 40:"the original text".
  53. ^"St. Philomena".Catholic Encyclopedia.
  54. ^Two thousand years of Coptic Christianity, Otto Friedrich August Meinardus
  55. ^"Wilgefortis".Catholic Encyclopedia.
  56. ^Kirsch, Johann Peter. "St. Cecilia",The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 3. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1908. 24 April 2013.
  57. ^"Clugnet, Léon. "St. Catherine of Alexandria." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 3. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1908. 1 May 2013". Newadvent.org. 1908-11-01. Retrieved2013-08-26.
  58. ^Kirsch, Johann Peter (1912)."Sts. Vitus, Modestus, and Crescentia" .Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 15.
  59. ^Kirsch, Johann Peter (1911)."Pelagia" .Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 11.
  60. ^"Saint Sophia".Antiochian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese of North America.
  61. ^Miloyan, Beyon (March 1, 2021).History of Vartan and the Armenian War (1st ed.). Sophene.ISBN 1925937437.
  62. ^Agadjanian, Alexander (2014).Armenian christianity today: identity politics and popular practice. Farnham: Ashgate.ISBN 978-1-4724-1271-3.
  63. ^Löffler, Klemens (1912)."Tewdrig" .Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 14.
  64. ^"Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy".iep.utm.edu. RetrievedOctober 1, 2023.
  65. ^"British Museum".BritishMuseum.org. RetrievedOctober 1, 2023.
  66. ^"Catholic Encyclopedia".newadvent.org. RetrievedOctober 2, 2023.
  67. ^"Historic UK".Historic-UK.com. RetrievedOctober 2, 2023.
  68. ^"Encyclopedia Britannica".britannica.com. RetrievedOctober 4, 2023.
  69. ^"Encyclopedia Britannica".Britannica.com. RetrievedOctober 4, 2023.
  70. ^Mershman, Francis (1907)."St. Boniface" .Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 2.
  71. ^Phillips, George Edward (1909)."St. Edmund the Martyr" .Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 5.
  72. ^Phillips, George Edward (1909)."St. Edward the Martyr" .Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 5.
  73. ^"Encyclopedia Britannica".Britannica.com. RetrievedOctober 2, 2023.
  74. ^"Catholic Encyclopedia".newadvent.org. RetrievedOctober 4, 2023.
  75. ^"Encyclopedia Britannica".britannica.com. RetrievedOctober 4, 2023.
  76. ^"Catholic Encyclopedia".newadvent.org. RetrievedOctober 2, 2023.
  77. ^"Russian Orthodox Cathedral of Saint John the Baptist".stjohndc.org. RetrievedOctober 4, 2023.
  78. ^"Catholic Encyclopedia".newadvent.org. RetrievedOctober 4, 2023.
  79. ^Saint Joan of Arc Virgin, Martyr (1412-1431)
  80. ^"Encyclopedia Britannica".Britannica.com. RetrievedOctober 2, 2023.
  81. ^Weimer, Adiran Chastain (February 27, 2017). Barton, John (ed.)."Martyrdom and Religion in North America".Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Religion. Oxford University Press.doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199340378.013.433.ISBN 978-0-19-934037-8.
  82. ^Ghazanchyan, Siranush."Canonization of the Martyrs of the Armenian Genocide: Message of His Holiness Karekin II".Public Radio of Armenia. Retrieved28 September 2018.
  83. ^Pope prays new 20-year-old blessed will inspire young people
  84. ^Bearak, Barry (3 September 1999)."Baripada Journal; Forgiving Her Family's Killers, but Not Their Sins".The New York Times.
  85. ^Pope Francis declares Catholic sister killed in Satanic ritual a martyr
  86. ^Sister Dorothy Stang: a martyr for God's poor and God's creation
Timeline
Centuries
Early
Christianity
Origins and
Apostolic Age
Ante-Nicene
period
Late antiquity
Catholicism
(Timeline)
Eastern
Christianity
Middle Ages
Reformation
and
Protestantism
Lutheranism
Calvinism
Anglicanism
(Timeline)
Anabaptism
1640–1789
1789–present
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