Movatterモバイル変換

[0]ホーム

Jump to content

List of ethnic groups in China

Edit links

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

(Redirected fromList of Chinese ethnic groups)

For the ethnic groups in historical China, seeEthnic groups in Chinese history.

China's Autonomous Regions and its Designated Ethnic Minority

TheHan Chinese are the largest ethnic group inMainland China. In 2010, 91.51% of the population were classified as Han Chinese (~1.2 billion).^[1]^{[needs update]} Besides theHan Chinese majority, 55 other ethnic (minority) groups are categorized in present-day China, numbering approximately 105 million people (8%), mostly concentrated in the bordering northwest, north, northeast, south and southwest but with some in central interior areas.

The majorethnic minorities in China are theZhuang (19.6 million),Hui (11.4 million),Uyghurs (11 million),Miao (11 million),Manchus (10.4 million),Yi (9.8 million),Tujia (9.6 million),Tibetans (7 million),Mongols (6.3 million),Buyei (3.5 million),Dong (3.5 million),Yao (3.3 million),Bai (2 million),Koreans (1.7 million),Hani (1.7 million),Li (1.6 million),Kazakhs (1.5 million), andDai (1.2 million).^[2] In addition, there are a number ofunrecognized ethnic groups which together comprise over 730,000 people. Collectively, the ethnic groups of China are referred to as theZhonghua minzu (Chinese:中华民族;pinyin:Zhōnghuá mínzú;lit. 'Chinese ethnicity'). However, being part of theZhonghua minzu (i.e. being part of one of the 56 ethnic groups) does not necessarily mean one must have Chinese nationality (Chinese:中国国籍;pinyin:Zhōngguó guójí) or be loyal to thePeople's Republic of China.

Officially recognized groups

[edit]

Officially recognized ethnic groups receive or have received certain benefits over Han Chinese under theregional ethnic autonomy system, includingaffirmative action, exemptions from theone-child policy, designated seats in political organs and government support to preserve their culture. Ethnic minorityautonomous areas receive additional state subsidies.^[3]^[4] Languages of officially recognized minorities are used in official government documents.^[5]^{[non-primary source needed]}

Soon after the establishment of thePeople's Republic of China, 39 ethnic groups were recognized by thefirst national census in 1954. This further increased to 54 by thesecond national census in 1964, with theLhoba people added in 1965. The last change was the addition of theJino people in 1979, bringing the number of recognized ethnic groups to the current 56. The following are the 56ethnic groups (listed by population) officially recognized by thePeople's Republic of China.^[6]

English Name	Standard Romanization	Code^[a]	Simplified Chinese	Mandarin Pinyin	2020 National Shares	2020 Population^[b]	2010 Population^[b]	2000 Population^[b]	1990 Population^[b]	Year of recognition^[c]
Han Chinese^[d]	Han	HA	汉族	Hànzú	91.1098%	1,284,446,389	1,220,844,520	1,139,773,008	1,042,482,187	1954
Zhuang	Zhuang	ZH	壮族	Zhuàngzú	1.3801%	19,568,546	16,926,381	16,187,163	15,489,630	1954
Uyghur	Uygur	UG	维吾尔族	Wéiwú'ěrzú	0.8352%	11,774,538	10,069,346	8,405,416	7,214,431	1954
Hui^[e]	Hui	HU	回族	Huízú	0.8070%	11,377,914	10,586,087	9,828,126	8,602,978	1954
Miao^[f]	Miao	MH	苗族	Miáozú	0.7851%	11,067,929	9,426,007	8,945,538	7,398,035	1954
Manchu	Man	MA	满族	Mǎnzú	0.7394%	10,423,303	10,387,958	10,708,464	9,821,180	1954
Yi	Yi	YI	彝族	Yízú	0.6973%	9,830,327	8,714,393	7,765,858	6,572,173	1954
Tujia	Tujia	TJ	土家族	Tǔjiāzú	0.6801%	9,587,732	8,353,912	8,037,014	5,704,223	1964
Tibetan^[g]	Zang	ZA	藏族	Zàngzú	0.5008%	7,060,731	6,282,187	5,422,954	4,593,330	1954
Mongol	Mongol	MG	蒙古族	Měnggǔzú	0.4461%	6,290,204	5,981,840	5,827,808	4,806,849	1954
Bouyei	Bouyei	BY	布依族	Bùyīzú	0.2537%	3,576,752	2,870,034	2,973,217	2,545,059	1954
Dong^[h]	Dong	DO	侗族	Dòngzú	0.2480%	3,495,993	2,879,974	2,962,911	2,514,014	1954
Yao	Yao	YA	瑶族	Yáozú	0.2347%	3,309,341	2,796,003	2,638,878	2,134,013	1954
Bai	Bai	BA	白族	Báizú	0.1484%	2,091,543	1,933,510	1,861,895	1,594,827	1954
Hani^[i]	Hani	HN	哈尼族	Hānízú	0.1229%	1,733,166	1,660,932	1,440,029	1,253,952	1954
Korean	Chosŏn	CS	朝鲜族	Cháoxiǎnzú	0.1207%	1,702,479	1,830,929	1,929,696	1,920,597	1954
Li	Li	LI	黎族	Lízú	0.1136%	1,602,104	1,463,064	1,248,022	1,110,900	1954
Kazakh	Kazak	KZ	哈萨克族	Hāsàkèzú	0.1108%	1,562,518	1,462,588	1,248,022	1,110,900	1954
Dai^[j]	Dai	DA	傣族	Dǎizú	0.0943%	1,329,985	1,261,311	1,159,231	1,025,128	1954
Lisu	Lisu	LS	傈僳族	Lìsùzú	0.0541%	762,296	702,839	635,101	574,856	1954
She	She	SH	畲族	Shēzú	0.0529%	746,385	708,651	710,039	630,378	1964
Dongxiang	Dongxiang	DX	东乡族	Dōngxiāngzú	0.0550%	774,947	621,500	513,826	373,872	1954
Gelao	Gelao	GL	仡佬族	Gēlǎozú	0.0481%	677,521	550,746	579,744	437,997	1964
Lahu	Lahu	LH	拉祜族	Lāhùzú	0.0354%	499,167	485,966	453,765	411,476	1954
Sui	Sui	SU	水族	Shuǐzú	0.0352%	495,928	411,847	407,000	345,993	1954
Wa	Wa	WA	佤族	Wǎzú	0.0306%	430,997	429,709	396,709	351,974	1954
Nakhi^[k]	Naxi	NX	纳西族	Nàxīzú	0.0230%	323,767	326,295	309,477	278,009	1954
Qiang	Qiang	QI	羌族	Qiāngzú	0.0222%	312,981	309,576	306,476	198,252	1954
Tu	Tu	TU	土族	Tǔzú	0.0200%	281,928	289,565	241,593	191,624	1954
Mulao^[l]	Mulao	ML	仫佬族	Mùlǎozú	0.0197%	277,233	216,257	207,464	159,328	1964
Kyrgyz	Kirgiz	KG	柯尔克孜族	Kē'ěrkèzīzú	0.0145%	204,402	186,708	160,875	141,549	1954
Xibe	Xibe	XB	锡伯族	Xībózú	0.0136%	191,911	190,481	189,357	172,847	1954
Salar	Salar	SL	撒拉族	Sālāzú	0.0117%	165,159	130,607	104,521	87,697	1954
Jingpo^[m]	Jingpo	JP	景颇族	Jǐngpōzú	0.0114%	160,471	147,828	132,158	119,209	1954
Daur	Daur	DU	达斡尔族	Dáwò'ěrzú	0.0094%	132,299	131,992	132,747	121,357	1964
Blang	Blang	BL	布朗族	Bùlǎngzú	0.0090%	127,345	119,639	91,891	82,280	1964
Maonan^[n]	Maonan	MN	毛南族	Máonánzú	0.0088%	124,092	101,192	107,184	71,968	1964
Tajik^[o]	Tajik	TA	塔吉克族	Tǎjíkèzú	0.0036%	50,896	51,069	41,056	33,538	1954
Pumi	Pumi	PM	普米族	Pǔmǐzú	0.0032%	45,012	42,861	33,628	29,657	1964
Achang	Achang	AC	阿昌族	Āchāngzú	0.0031%	43,775	39,555	33,954	27,708	1964
Nu	Nu	NU	怒族	Nùzú	0.0026%	36,575	37,523	28,770	27,123	1964
Evenki	Ewenki	EW	鄂温克族	Èwēnkèzú	0.0025%	34,617	30,875	30,545	26,315	1954
Vietnamese^[p]	Gin	GI	京族	Jīngzú	0.0024%	33,112	28,199	22,584	18,915	1964
Jino	Jino	JN	基诺族	Jīnuòzú	0.0018%	26,025	23,143	20,899	18,021	1979
Bonan	Bonan	BO	保安族	Bǎo'ānzú	0.0017%	24,434	20,074	16,505	12,212	1954
De'ang^[q]	Deang	DE	德昂族	Dé'ángzú	0.0016%	22,354	20,556	17,935	15,462	1964
Russian	Russ	RS	俄罗斯族	Éluósīzú	0.0011%	16,136	15,393	15,631	13,504	1954
Yugur	Yugur	YG	裕固族	Yùgùzú	0.0010%	14,706	14,378	13,747	12,297	1954
Uzbek	Uzbek	UZ	乌孜别克族	Wūzībiékèzú	0.0009%	12,742	10,569	12,423	14,502	1954
Monba	Monba	MB	门巴族	Ménbāzú	0.0008%	11,143	10,561	8,928	7,475	1964
Oroqen	Oroqen	OR	鄂伦春族	Èlúnchūnzú	0.0007%	9,168	8,659	8,216	6,965	1954
Derung	Derung	DR	独龙族	Dúlóngzú	0.0005%	7,310	6,930	7,431	5,816	1964
Nanai^[r]	Hezhen	HZ	赫哲族	Hèzhézú	0.0004%	5,373	5,354	4,664	4,245	1964
Lhoba	Lhoba	LB	珞巴族	Luòbāzú	0.0003%	4,237	3,682	2,970	2,312	1965
Tatars	Tatar	TT	塔塔尔族	Tǎtǎ'ěrzú	0.0003%	3,544	3,556	4,895	4,873	1954
Gaoshan^[s]	Gaoshan	GS	高山族	Gāoshānzú	0.0002%	3,479	4,009	4,488	2,909	1954
Undistinguished	—	none	未识别民族	Wèi Shìbié Mínzú	0.0593%	836,488	640,101	734,438	749,341	—
Naturalized Citizen	—	none	外国人加入中国籍	Wàiguórén Jiārù Zhōngguójí	0.0012%	16,595	1,448	941	3,421	—

^GB 3304－91 "Names of ethnicities of China in romanization with codes".^[7]
^^a ^b ^c ^dThe population only includesmainland China.
^For ethnic groups officially recognised in 1964 or earlier, this is the year of first inclusion in the national census, which were in 1954^[8] and 1964.^[9]
^Also included are theChuanqing.
^Also includesUtsuls of Hainan, descended fromCham refugees.
^One subset of which is also known asHmong and other includeHmu,Xong andA-Hmao. Some of the related languages and groups of peoples are not necessarily classified under the Miao umbrella, which makes this term somewhat vague.
^IncludingAmdowa andKhampa, as well as roughly half ofPumi speakers, the remainder of whom are classified as a separatePumi ethnicity.
^Also known asKam.
^Also included are theSangkong.
^This category includes several different Tai-speaking groups historically referred to asBai-yi. In fact, theDai nationality consists of speakers of varieties ofShan languages. For instance, theTai Lue andTai Nuea peoples are actually subgroups of theShan people. Despite this, speakers ofBumang are also included in theDai nationality.
^Also included are theMosuo.
^Also included are theQago (木佬人).
^Known asKachin inMyanmar.
^Also included are theThen.
^They are notTajik people butPamiri people.
^The same group asVietnamese orKinh people inSino-Vietnamese.
^Known asPalaung inMyanmar.
^The same group asNanai on theRussian side of the border.
^A collective name for allTaiwanese aborigine groups in Taiwan. In fact, the numbers ofGaoshan in census covers only those who lives in mainland China (mainly in Fujian) and consists ofAmis (autonym:Pangcah),Paiwan andBunun peoples.^{[citation needed]}

Unlisted ethnic groups

[edit]

This sectionneeds additional citations forverification. Please helpimprove this article byadding citations to reliable sources in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.(March 2024) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

Main article:Unrecognized ethnic groups in China

The following ethnic groups living in China are not recognized by the Chinese government:

Äynu people – classified as Uyghurs
Altai people – classified as Mongols^[10]
Fuyu Kyrgyz people – classified as Kyrgyz
Gejia people – classified as Miao
Bajia (八甲人;Bājiǎrén)
Deng people
Hu people – classified as Bulang
Khmu people – classified as Bulang
Kucong
Mảng people
Ili Turk people – classified as Uzbek
Sherpa people – classified as Tibetan
Tanka people, includingFuzhou Tanka
Tebbu people
Tuvans – classified as Mongols^[11]
Waxiang people
Jewish people
Macanese people, mixed race CatholicPortuguese speakers who lived inMacau since 16th century of various ethnic origins
Utsuls – classified as Hui
Yamato people andRyukyuan people, primarilyJapanese settlers that remained in China after theSecond Sino-Japanese War, which mostly were women andorphaned children^[12]

During theFifth National Population Census of the People's Republic of China held in 2000, 734,438 people on the mainland were recorded as belonging to "undistinguished ethnic groups"—of these, 97% resided inGuizhou.^[13]^{[needs update]}

Hong Kong and Macau

[edit]

Hong Kong andMacau arespecial administrative regions withinChina. The governments of Hong Kong and Macau do not use the official PRC ethnic classification system, nor does the PRC's official classification system take ethnic groups in Hong Kong and Macau into account. Minority groups such as Western Europeans (mainly English and Portuguese), and Southern or Southeastern Asians (mainly Filipinos, Indians, Indonesians, Nepalese, and Pakistanis) live in Hong Kong.^[14] Macau's main ethnic groups are of Chinese and Portuguese descent, but other ethnicities also live in the territory.^[15]

Gallery

[edit]

References

[edit]

^"Han Chinese proportion in China's population drops: census data".Xinhua News (English). 28 April 2011. Archived fromthe original on 11 July 2016. Retrieved1 September 2015.
^"index".www.stats.gov.cn.Archived from the original on 2012-11-27. Retrieved2017-06-08.
^Jarmuth, Anna (2020-09-22)."Ethnic Minorities and the Fight against Poverty in China: The Case of Yunnan".Institute for Security and Development Policy.Archived from the original on 2023-11-29. Retrieved2023-10-19.
^Lai, Hongyi."China's Ethnic Policies and Challenges"(PDF).Archived(PDF) from the original on 2023-11-21. Retrieved2023-10-19.
^"White Paper 1999: Ethnic Minorities Policy in China".un.china-mission.gov.cn. Retrieved2023-10-19.
^胡鸿保; 张丽梅 (2009).民族识别原则的变化与民族人口 [Changes in Ethnic Identification Principles and Ethnic Population].Southwest University for Nationalities University Press (in Chinese) (4).
^GB 3304－91Names of nationalities of China in romanization with codes Archived 2009-11-01 at theWayback Machine.
^First National Population Census of the People's Republic of China
^Second National Population Census of the People's Republic of China
^Olson, James S. (1998)."Altai".An Ethnohistorical Dictionary of China. Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press. pp. 9–11.ISBN 0-313-28853-4.
^Mongush, M. V. (1996). "Tuvans of Mongolia and China".International Journal of Central Asian Studies (1):225–243.
^"Left Behind: Japan's Wartime Defeat and the Stranded Women of Manchukuo". Archived fromthe original on 2016-01-12. Retrieved2015-05-22.
^第五次人口普查数据(2000年). 表1—6. 省、自治区、直辖市分性别、民族的人口 Archived 2018-08-26 at theWayback Machine (Fifth National Population Census of the People's Republic of China (2000). Table 1-6: Population of provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities by ethnicity).(in Chinese)
^Paul O'Connor (2018). "Ethnic Minorities and Ethnicity in Hong Kong".Routledge Handbook of Contemporary Hong Kong. Routledge. pp. 59–274.ISBN 9780367580605.
^João de Pina Cabral."THE 'ETHNIC' COMPOSITION OF MACAO". Cultural Bureau of Macau.Archived from the original on 2024-03-02. Retrieved2023-11-29.

External links

[edit]

Media related toEthnic groups in China at Wikimedia Commons

Ethnic groups in China

Sino-Tibetan

Sinitic	Han Chinese subgroups Hui Bai Caijia Chuanqing Longjia Waxiang
Lolo-Burmese	Yi Hani Lisu Lahu Nakhi Achang Nu Jino Akha Bisu Kucong Laomian Laopin Mosuo Qixingmin
Qiangic	Qiang Pumi Baima Gyalrong
Tibetic	Tibetans Monpa Sherpa Golok
Others	Tujia Jingpo Derung Lhoba Deng

Others

v t e Immigration to China
From Asia	Armenians Burmese Filipinos Indians Indonesians Hong Kong Israelis Iranians Japanese Hong Kong Shanghai Koreans Hong Kong Shanghai Nepalis Pakistanis Hong Kong Thai Hong Kong Vietnamese Gin people Hong Kong
From elsewhere	Africans Guangzhou Hong Kong Americans Hong Kong Australians Hong Kong Britons Hong Kong Canadians French Hong Kong Nigerians Poles Portuguese Macau Russians Albazinians Harbin Hong Kong Shanghai Ukrainians
See also	Demographics of China Immigration to Hong Kong Immigration to Macau History of the Jews in China Hong Kong Kaifeng Underoccupied developments in China Illegal immigration

Underlined: the 56 officially recognised ethnic groups ranked by population in their language families according to2020 census

v t e Taiwanese indigenous peoples
Nationally recognized	Amis Atayal Bunun Kanakanavu Kavalan Paiwan Puyuma Rukai Saaroa (Hla'alua) Saisiyat Sakizaya Seediq Tao Taroko Thao Tsou
Locally recognized	Makatao Siraya Taivoan
Unrecognized	Babuza Hoanya Arikun Lloa Kaxabu Ketagalan Basay Papora Pazeh Qauqaut Taokas
List of indigenous peoples of Taiwan Plains indigenous peoples Indigenous Area (Taiwan)

v t e Ethnic groups in Asia
Sovereign states	Afghanistan Armenia Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Bhutan Brunei Cambodia China Cyprus Egypt Georgia India Indonesia Iran Iraq Israel Japan Jordan Kazakhstan North Korea South Korea Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Laos Lebanon Malaysia Maldives Mongolia Myanmar Nepal Oman Palestine Pakistan Philippines Qatar Russia Saudi Arabia Singapore Sri Lanka Syria Tajikistan Thailand Timor-Leste (East Timor) Turkey Turkmenistan United Arab Emirates Uzbekistan Vietnam Yemen
States with limited recognition	Abkhazia Northern Cyprus South Ossetia Taiwan
Dependencies and other territories	British Indian Ocean Territory Christmas Island Cocos (Keeling) Islands Hong Kong Macau
Category Asia portal

v t e East Asia
Countries and regions	China Hong Kong Macau Mainland Japan Ryukyu Korea North Korea South Korea Jeju Mongolia Taiwan
Ethnic groups	Ainu Han Chinese subgroups Hui Japanese Yamato Koreans in China in Japan in Sakhalin Manchu Miao Mongolic Mongols in China Khalkha in Mongolia Qiang Ryukyuans Indigenous Taiwanese Tibetans Tujia Uyghurs Yi Zhuang other ethnic groups in China unrecognized historical
Culture	Age reckoning Architecture‎ Art Chinese Japanese Korean Taiwanese Blepharoplasty Buddhism Calligraphy Cinema Cuisine Sinosphere Dance Chinese knotting Chinese dragon Festivals Gardens Chinese characters Hip-and-gable roof Languages Literature Mādhyamaka Music Mythology Philosophy Religion Scripts Seal Sino-Xenic pronunciations Surnames Television Typography Yogācāra Chinese zodiac
Environment	East Asia Climate Partnership Monsoon Rainy season Flora
Economy andPolitics	China–Japan–South Korea trilateral summit Comprehensive Economic Partnership for East Asia Capitalism East Asia Summit East Asian Bureau of Economic Research East Asian Community Four Asian Tigers Human rights in East Asia Ports Stock exchanges
History	Archaeology Archaeological cultures Bronze Age Iron Age Former countries
Sports	China–Japan–Korea Friendship Athletic Meeting East Asian Football Federation East Asian Games East Asian Judo Championships East Asian martial arts East Asian Youth Games EAFF E-1 Football Championship
Education	Association of East Asian Research Universities CrossAsia East Asian Economic Review East Asia Image Collection East Asia Law Review East Asian studies Journal of East Asian Studies Ludwigshafen East Asia Institute
Military	Horses in East Asian warfare Bansenshūkai Miyamoto Musashi Sun Tzu The Art of War The Book of Five Rings Yi Sun-sin
Science and technology	Needham Research Institute Printing Swords Traditional medicine

China articles

History

Overviews	History Timeline Historiography Military history Language Economic before 1912 1912–1949 1949–present Ethnic groups Foreign relations Dynasties Monarchs
Prehistoric	Paleolithic Neolithic Yellow River Yangtze Liao
Ancient	Xia Shang Late Zhou Western Zhou Spring and Autumn Warring States
Imperial	Qin Han Three Kingdoms Wei Han Wu Jin (266–420) Sixteen Kingdoms Northern and Southern dynasties Sui Tang Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Liao Song Jin (1115–1234) Yuan Ming Qing High Qing Century of humiliation Taiping Rebellion Eunuch
Modern	1911 Revolution Republic of China Chinese Civil War Chinese Communist Revolution People's Republic of China Cultural Revolution Reform and opening up Tiananmen Square COVID-19 persecution of Uyghurs List of massacres in China

Geography

Regions	East Northeast North South Central Central South Western Northwestern Southwestern
Terrain	Bays Canyons Caves Deserts Grasslands Hills Islands Mountains ranges passes Peninsulas Northeast / North / Central Plains Valleys Volcanoes
Water	Canals Lakes Rivers Waterfalls Wetlands Water resources Seas Bohai Yellow East China South China
Environment	Climate change Climate policy Environmental issues Environmental policy Protected areas National parks Nature reserves UNESCO Biosphere Reserves Wildlife Fauna Flora

Subdivisions

Politics

Law	Judicial system Human rights LGBT in Tibet Law enforcement Penal system Naming laws Nationality law Terrorism

Government

Military

Economy

Agriculture Aquaculture Banking Central bank Chinese property sector crisis (2020–present) Currency Economic history Reform and opening up Special economic zones E-commerce Online advertising Economic inequality in China Energy Coal Petroleum Renewable Forced evictions Foreign aid received Foreign aid program Historical GDP Housing Income inequality in China Industry Chemical Gold mining Semiconductors Steel Textiles Labor relations Poverty Real estate Standard of living Taxation Tourism Trade Underoccupied developments Unemployment
Infrastructure	Architecture Housing Telecommunications Internet Water supply and sanitation
Transport	Automotive industry Civil aviation Rail Shipping industry Space program

Society

Culture

Fours of China	Four Treasures of the Study Four Great Inventions Four Gentlemen Flowers of the Four Seasons Four Beauties Four Classic Novels Four arts Four Symbols Four Holy Beasts Four Pillars of Destiny Four Paragons of the Early Tang Four Masters of the Ming dynasty Four Masters of the Yuan dynasty Four Wangs Gang of Four Four Olds Four Pests campaign

Geography
Overviews	Beaches Cities Climate Deforestation Earthquakes Endemic species /Protected species Hot springs Islands Lakes Mountains National parks Rivers Scenic areas Superlatives Urban planning Volcanoes

Government Politics Economy
Government andpolitics	Cabinet Premier Censorship Civil defense Constitution Additional Articles Elections Human rights LGBT Freedom of religion Intelligence Law Law enforcement Military Parliament President Office of the President Secretary-General Vice President Political parties Propaganda
Regions of Taiwan	Administrative divisions Special municipalities Counties Cities List of administrative divisions Metropolitan areas
Political issues	Conscription Cross-Strait relations Chinese nationalism Chinese Taipei De-Sinicization Foreign relations North–South divide Opinion polling on Taiwanese identity Political status of Taiwan International recognition of Taiwan Chinese unification One Country on Each Side Special non-state-to-state relations Two Chinas Taiwan independence movement Taiwanese nationalism
Economy	Aerospace industry Agriculture Aquaculture Floriculture Automotive industry Banking List of banks Central bank Companies Largest State-owned enterprises Construction industry Defense industry Dollar(currency) Energy Exports Fishing Forestry FTAs Labor movement Maritime industries Mining Pharmaceutical industry Semiconductor industry Steel Stock exchange Taxation Telecommunications Textile Tourism Transportation Uniform Invoice Water supply and sanitation

National Symbols
People
Society
Culture

National symbols

People

Demographics	Overseas Taiwanese Australia America Canada China Vietnam Taiwanese people Taiwanese indigenous peoples List Hans Hoklos Hakkas Waishengren New immigrants
Languages	Formosan languages Amis Atayal Bunun Kanakanavu Kavalan Paiwan Puyuma Rukai Saaroa Saisiyat Sakizaya Seediq Thao Tsou Yami Sinitic Mandarin Taiwanese Hokkien Hakka Matsu dialect Sign Language Braille
Notable individuals	Actresses Architects Artists Footballers Magistrates and mayors Mathematicians Musicians Olympic flagbearers Photographers Scientists Singers Taiwanese Americans Wealthiest Writers