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List of Burmese flags

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is a list of flags used inMyanmar (also known asBurma).

State/Union Flag

[edit]
FlagDateUseDescription
21 October 2010[1]State Flag[2] ofRepublic of the Union of Myanmar, also called theUnion Flag[3]A horizontal triband of yellow, green and red; charged with a large white five-pointed star at the centre
Variants
Vertical[4]

Flags of administrative divisions

[edit]

States

[edit]
FlagDateUseDescription
1986[5]Flag ofChin StateHornbill on a branch within a white circle surrounded by 9 white stars atop a blue-red-green horizontal triband
2010Flag ofKachin StateBlue circle with white mountains defaced withManaw poles on a green field
2010Flag ofKayah StateAKinnara centred on a red-blue-green horizontal triband
Flag ofKayin StateBlue-white-red horizontal triband with a white star inset on top-left of blue band
8 June 2018[6]Flag ofMon StateYellowHamsa on a red field
Flag ofRakhine StateEmblem of Rakhine, aShrivatsa, on a blue disk in the centre of a white-red horizontal bicolour
12 February 1947[7]Flag ofShan StateWhite circle, representing the moon, on a yellow-green-red horizontal triband

Regions

[edit]
FlagDateUseDescription
2022Flag ofAyeyarwady RegionSeal of Ayeyarwady Region on a blue field
c. 2018Flag ofBago RegionFemalehamsa perched on a male hamsa within a white circle bordered in green on a dark blue field. The textပဲခူးတိုင်းဒေသကြီး ("Bago Region") is above the birds.
2021Flag ofMagway RegionSeal of Magway Region on a yellow field with the textမကွေးတိုင်းဒေသကြီး ("Magway Region") above the seal in green.
2010 (except 2021)Flag ofMandalay RegionSeal of Mandalay Region on a red field
30 September 2019[8]Flag ofSagaing RegionSeal of Sagaing Region centred on a yellow-blue-red horizontal triband with the textစစ်ကိုင်းတိုင်းဒေသကြီး ("Sagaing Region") above the seal within the yellow band.
order2010Flag ofTanintharyi RegionNaga facing forward with a white star above on a red-blue-green horizontal triband
2022Flag ofYangon RegionInner portion of the Seal of Yangon Region centred on a yellow-green-red horizontal triband with the textရန်ကုန်တိုင်းဒေသကြီးအစိုးရအဖွဲ့ ("Yangon Region Government Group") on a white banner below the seal.

Union territory

[edit]
FlagDateUseDescription
Flag of theNaypyidaw Union TerritorySeal of the Naypyidaw Union Territory on a teal-blue field

Self-administered zones and divisions

[edit]

Self-administered zones

[edit]
FlagDateUseDescription
2017[9]Flag of theDanu Self-Administered Zone[10][11][12]Blue over yellow bicolour with a green disc at the centre charged with a white flower
Flag of theKokang Self-Administered ZoneBlue-red-green horizontal triband charged with a white star and 8 white circular rings forming an arc above the star.
Flag of theNaga Self-Administered Zone[13][12]White over red bicolour with a green square in the upper hoist charged with two crossed spears and a tribal headdress
Flag of thePa Laung Self-Administered ZoneRed circle on a light blue-yellow-green horizontal triband.
1955Flag of thePa'O Self-Administered Zone[12]White star within a blue canton on a red-green horizontal bicolour

Self-administered divisions

[edit]
FlagDateUseDescription
Flag of theWa Self-Administered DivisionThere is no official flag, the flag of Myanmar is used

Military flags

[edit]
FlagDateUseDescription
Flag of the Myanmar Armed Forces (Tatmadaw)[14][15]A horizontal triband of red, white and blue; charged with a large yellow five-pointed star at the centre[16]
Flag of theMinistry of Defence (Myanmar)

Commander-in-Chief

[edit]
FlagDateUseDescription
2015Flag of theCommander-in-Chief of Defence Services[17][18]A red, dark blue, light blue horizontal tricolour defaced with five golden stars under golden logo ofTatmadaw[16]
2015Flag of theDeputy Commander-in-Chief of Defence Services[19]A red, dark blue, light blue horizontal tricolour defaced with four golden stars under golden logo ofTatmadaw
c. 2015Flag of the Office of theCommander-in-Chief (Army)A red defaced with four golden stars under golden logo ofTatmadaw
c. 2015Flag of the Office of theCommander-in-Chief (Navy)A dark blue defaced with four golden stars under golden logo ofTatmadaw[20]
c. 2015Flag of the Office of theCommander-in-Chief (Air Force)A light blue defaced with four golden stars under golden logo ofTatmadaw

Army

[edit]
FlagDateUseDescription
c. 1994Flag of theMyanmar ArmyA horizontal triband of blue, red and blue; charged with a large white five-pointed star at the centre
Ceremonial Guidon of theMyanmar Army

Regional Military Commands

[edit]
FlagUseDescription
Flag of the Northern Command
Flag of the North Western Command
Flag of the North Eastern Command
Flag of the Eastern Command
Flag of the Eastern Central Command
Flag of the Triangle Region Command
Flag of the Western Command
Flag of the Naypyitaw Command
Flag of the Central Command
Flag of the Southern Command
Flag of the South Western Command
Flag of the Yangon Command
Flag of the South Eastern Command
Flag of the Coastal Region Command

Common flags

[edit]
FlagUseDescription
Flag of the Infantry and Light InfantryA red field charged with Bandula badge: a white ancient Burmese helmet crossed by a white sword and a white spear
Flag of the Artillery Corps
Flag of the Engineering Corps
Flag of the Signal Corps
Flag of the Armour Corps
Flag of the Medical Corps
Flag of the Corps of Supply and Transport
Flag of the Ordnance Services
Flag of the Corps of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering
Flag of theDefence Industries
Flag of the Security Printing Works
Flag of the Recovery and Resettlement Units
Flag of theBorder Guard Forces[21]Recently, Tatmadaw ordered to change the arm patch of Border Guard and People’s militia.[22]

Battalions

[edit]
Infantry Battalions
Flag of the No. (14) Infantry Battalion

Divisions

[edit]
Light Infantry Divisions
Flag of the No. (11) Light Infantry Division
Flag of the No. (22) Light Infantry Division
Flag of the No. (33) Light Infantry Division
Flag of the No. (44) Light Infantry Division
Flag of the No. (55) Light Infantry Division
Flag of the No. (66) Light Infantry Division
Flag of the No. (77) Light Infantry Division
Flag of the No. (88) Light Infantry Division
Flag of the No. (99) Light Infantry Division
Flag of the No. (101) Light Infantry Division

Navy

[edit]
FlagDateUseDescription
1994Naval ensign of theMyanmar NavyWhite field with a red canton charged with a white five-pointed star and a blue anchor in the lower fly[20]
Commissioning pennant of theMyanmar Navy

Air Force

[edit]
FlagDateUseDescription
c. 2010sAir force ensign of theMyanmar Air ForceA seagull field defaced with the Union Star in the canton, with the Myanmar Air Force crest to the fly

Law enforcement flag

[edit]
FlagDateUseDescription
Flag of theMyanmar Police ForceThree vertical bands of yellow, blue and red with a union star in the middle
Ensign of theMyanmar Coast GuardWhite field with a blue canton charged with a white five-pointed star and two blue anchor crossed in the lower fly[23]

Ministry flags

[edit]
FlagDateUseDescription
Flag of theMinistry of Education
Flag of theMinistry of Defence[24]A red field charged with logo of Tatmadaw
Flag of theMinistry of Home Affairs[25]A horizontal triband of blue, yellow and green; charged with a black text of Burmese word for "Home Affairs" (ပြည်ထဲရေး) on the yellow band.

Religious flags

[edit]
FlagDateUseDescription
1956Sasana Flag, the flag ofBuddhism in MyanmarVertical bands of blue, yellow, red, white, light pink and the vertical band of the combination of these five colours' rectangular bands.[26]
A variant using pink in place of light pink
1954Flag of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar Islamic Religious Affairs CouncilA red field defaced with a green rectangular canton with theTakbir in the upper hoist[27]
Flag of theYoung Men's Buddhist AssociationA horizontal triband of yellow, green and red; charged with a yellow circle at the centre; a greenSwastika on that circle and each of the four red alphabets — "Y", "M", "B", "A" — inside each blank between the arms of Swastika[28]

Political flags

[edit]
FlagDateUseDescription
2019–presentMon Unity Party
2018–presentArakan Front Party
2018–presentLahu Democratic Union
Link to file2016–presentNational Unity Party
1988–2016
2015–presentAkha National Development Party
2015–presentZo National Regional Development Partymy
Link to file2014–presentArakan National Party
2014–presentKaren National Party
2014–presentPeople's Party of Myanmar Farmers and Workers
Link to file2013–presentDemocracy and Human Rights Party
1980s
Link to file2013–presentLisu National Development Party
2013–presentFederal Union Party
Link to file2012–presentMyanmar Farmers Development Party
2012–presentTai-Leng Nationalities Development Party
2012–presentUnited League of Arakan
2011–presentUnited Nationalities Federal Council
2010–presentAll Mon Region Democracy Party
2010–presentChin National Party
2010–presentEthnic National Development Party
Link to file2010–presentInn National Development Party
2010–presentKaman National Progressive Partymy
2010–presentKayin People's Party
2010–presentKokang Democracy and Unity Party
Link to file2010–presentLahu National Development Party
2010–presentNational Democratic Force
Link to file2010–presentPeace and Diversity Party
2010–presentShan Nationalities Democratic Party
2010–presentTa'ang National Party
2010–presentUnity and Democracy Party of Kachin State
2010–presentUnion Solidarity and Development Party
2010–presentWa Democratic Party
2004–presentArakan National Council
1996–presentRestoration Council of Shan State
Link to file1989–presentArakan League for Democracy
1989–presentChin National League for Democracy
1989–presentUnited Wa State Party
1989–presentWa State
1988–presentChin National Front
Link to file1988–presentDemocratic Party
1988–presentDemocratic Party for a New Society
1988–presentKachin State National Congress for Democracy
1988–presentMon National Party
1988–presentMro National Development Party
1988–presentNational League for Democracy
1992–presentPalaung State Liberation Front
2024–presentSpecial Region 1
1988–presentShan Nationalities League for Democracy
Link to file1988–presentZomi Congress for Democracy
1985–presentCommunist Party of Burma
1946–1969
1939–1946
1971–presentShan State Progress Party
1967–presentArakan Liberation Party
1958–presentNew Mon State Party
1957–presentKarenni National Progressive Party
1949–presentPa-O National Organisation
1947–presentKaren National Union
1936–presentAll Burma Federation of Student Unions

Other

[edit]
FlagDateUseDescription
2021Three-finger salute flagA red field charged with a white three-finger salute symbol. Flown in opposition against the1st February Coup


Armed groups

[edit]
FlagDateUseDescription
2022–presentMyanmar Royal Dragon Army
2021–presentBamar People's Liberation Army
2021–presentChin National Defence Force
2021[citation needed]–presentKaren National Liberation Army
1949–2021[citation needed]
2021–presentKarenni Nationalities Defence Force
2021–presentPeople's Defence Force
2021–presentPeople's Liberation Army
2021–presentPeople's Defence Force – Kalay

2021–present
1982–1998
Rohingya Solidarity Organisation
2021–presentStudent Armed Force
2020–presentArakan Rohingya Army
2016–presentShanni Nationalities Army
2013–presentArakan Rohingya Salvation Army
2020–presentRohingya Islami Mahaz
2011–presentFederal Union Army
2010–presentArakan Army (Kayin State)
2009–presentArakan Army
1997–presentZomi Revolutionary Army
1996–presentShan State Army – South
1994–presentNational United Party of Arakan
1994–presentDemocratic Karen Buddhist Army andDKBA-5
1992–presentTa'ang National Liberation Army
1989–presentMyanmar National Democratic Alliance Army
1989–presentNational Democratic Alliance Army
1989–presentUnited Wa State Army
1988–presentAll Burma Students' Democratic Front
1988–presentChin National Army
1988–presentKuki National Army
1980–presentNational Socialist Council of Nagaland
1968–presentArakan Liberation Army
1971–presentShan State Army – North
1969–presentWa National Army
1961–presentKachin Independence Army
1957–presentKarenni Army
1949–presentPa-O National Army
1947–presentKaren National Defence Organisation

Historical flags

[edit]

National

[edit]
FlagDateUseDescription
c. 1300sc. 1500sFlag used in theHanthawaddy kingdomA green field with a golden hamsa in the centre
c. 1510s – 1752National flag of the Second Burmese Empire under theTaungoo DynastyA golden field charged with a black peacock
c. 1752 – 1885National flag of the Third Burmese Empire under theKonbaung DynastyAswallowtail with white field charged with a green peacock biting a flower branch on a red disk (the sun) in the centre of the field[29][30][31][32]
1824 – 1942;Union Flag of TheUnited Kingdom used as the State flag of British Burma
1945 – 4 January 1948[33]
6 February 1939 – 30 March 1941;[34]National Flag ofBritish BurmaBritishBlue Ensign with the Union Jack occupying one quarter of the field placed in the canton and defaced with the Badge of Burma: a peacock on a golden disk
1945 – 3 January 1948
30 March 1941 – 1942[34]National Flag of British BurmaUnion Jack removed and the badge moved to centre
1942–1943Flag of Japanese occupied Burma
1 August 1943[34][35] – 1945State flag of theState of Burma
1943–1945Stylized variant flag of theState of Burma


Vertical:[36]
4 January 1948[33] – 3 January 1974[37]Former National Flag of theUnion of BurmaA red field defaced with a blue rectangular canton in the upper hoist, and a big white star with five small white stars inside the rays of it in the canton.[36]
3 January 1974[37]–21 October 2010[1]Former State Flag of theSocialist Republic of the Union of Burma (1974–1988), later, theUnion of Myanmar (1988–2010)The background is red field with blue rectangular canton in the upper hoist. Inside the blue canton are the 14 equal-sized white stars surrounding the paddy ears and the gear.[38]

Governmental

[edit]
FlagDateUseDescription
1753–1885Royal Standard used in royal occasions by theKonbaung Dynasty[39]A red peacock sewn on a white silk flag
1886–1937Standard of theViceroy and Governor-General of India[40]Union Jack with the Order of the Star of India in the centre, surmounted by the Tudor Crown.
1939–1948Standard of theGovernor of Burma[40]Union Jack with the Badge of Burma in the centre
1952–1974Former Government Ensign of theUnion of Burma[41]A blue field with the national flag in the canton.
1948–1962Former presidential flag of the Union of Burma[41][40]An orange field background charged with a peacock in the centre

Embassy

[edit]
FlagDateUseDescription
1949Flag hoisted at the Embassy of the Union of Burma to the Republic of China inNanjing[42]National flag with Palace city wall on lower fly

Civil

[edit]
FlagDateUseDescription
1886–1937Civil Ensign of theBritish Raj used after theAnnexation of Burma in 1886BritishRed Ensign with the Union Jack occupying one quarter of the field placed in the canton and defaced with theOrder of the Star of India.
1952–1974Former Civil Ensign of theUnion of Burma[41]
1974–2010Former Civil Ensign of theSocialist Republic of the Union of Burma, later, theUnion of Myanmar

Military

[edit]

Commander-in-Chief

[edit]
FlagDateUseDescription
1948–2010Former Flag of theCommander-in-Chief of Defence Services[43]with a triband of light blue, red and dark blue, and a large golden five-pointed star at the centre[44][45]
2010–2014Former Flag of theCommander-in-Chief of Defence Services[40]
1948 –c. 1994Former Flag of theCommander-in-Chief of the Army[41]Guidon with red-blue-red triband and a small white five-pointed star at the centre of the blue stripe
1948–1974Former Flag of theChief of Air Staff[43]Guidon with stratos background charged with Air Force's roundel

War flags of the Royal Burmese Armed Forces

[edit]
FlagName
(inBurmese)
Description
သတ္တရုဇေယGolden field charged with a green disk with a latte rabbit on it, at the centre
မဟာသတ္တရုLatte field charged with abīlūḥ holding up both hands with weapons
သတ္တရုဇမ္ဗူA horizontal triband of red, latte and red; with a chinthe in the latte band.
ရွှေပြည်လက်ဝဲA horizontal triband of red, blue and red
ရွှေပြည်ဝရဇိန်A horizontal triband of blue, red and blue
ရွှေပြည်တမွတ်စံA horizontal triband of red, mallard and red
ရွှေပြည်မှန်ကင်းA horizontal triband of red, william and red
ရွှေပြည်နတ်A horizontal triband of red, falu and red
ရွှေပြည်စက်ထိA horizontal triband of yellow, white and yellow
ရွှေပြည်တံဆိပ်A horizontal triband of green, yellow and green

Army

[edit]
FlagName
(inBurmese)
DateUseDescription
သတ္တရုမြဇမ္ဗူc. 1784–1885War flags of theBurmese Royal Armed Forces[46]Golden field charged with a red disk with a golden peacock on it, at the centre
1853-1876Flag used by European mercenaries from Burmese Royal Artillery
1942–1945War flag of theImperial Japanese Army in Burma
1941(First) flag of theBurma Independence ArmyA white field with a red peacock in the centre[47]
1942(Second) flag of theBurma Independence ArmyA green field with a peacock in the centre and thunderbolts in the corners[48]
သုံးရောင်ခြယ်အလံ1942(Third) flag of theBurma Independence ArmyA horizontal triband of yellow, green and red; charged with a peacock on a white disk at the centre
1942–1945Flag of theBurma Defence Army, later, theBurma National ArmyA horizontal triband of yellow, green and red; charged with a stylized red peacock at the centre
တော်လှန်ရေးအလံ1945Flag of the anti-fascist resistance guerrillas and theBurma National Army, later,Patriotic Burmese ForcesA red field with a white five-pointed star in the upper hoist[36]
1948–c. 1994Former flag of the Burma Army, later,Myanmar ArmyA horizontal triband of red, blue and red, charged with a small white five-pointed star at the centre of the blue stripe

Navy

[edit]
FlagDateUseDescription
1824–1942;Navy Ensign ofRoyal Navy, inBritish BurmaBritishWhite Ensign: a white field defaced with theSaint George's Cross, and theUnion Jack placed in the canton.
1945 – 4 January 1948[33]
1886–1937Navy Jack of British Indian Navy, used when Burma was a province of British IndiaBritishBlue Ensign with the Union Jack occupying one quarter of the field placed in the canton and defaced with the Order of the Star of India
1942–1945Former Navy Ensign of theImperial Japanese Navy in Burma
1948–1974Former Naval Ensign of theUnion of Burma Navy[41]A white field defaced withSaint George's Cross and the national flag's canton in the canton
1974–1994Former Naval Ensign of the
Union of Burma Navy, later, theMyanmar Navy[49]
A horizontal bicolour, sky blue over navy blue, with a white large five-pointed star at the centre[50]

Air Force

[edit]
FlagDateUseDescription
1948–1974Former Air Force Ensign of theBurmese Air Force
1974 –c. 2010Former Air Force Ensign of
theBurmese Air Force, later, theMyanmar Air Force[43]
A dodger blue field defaced with the Union Star in the canton, with the Myanmar Air Force crest to the fly

Administrative Divisions

[edit]

States

[edit]
FlagDateUseDescription
1974–2010Former flag ofKachin StateA dark blue field charged with mountains
1974–2018Former flag ofMon StateA blue field charged with a yellow hamsa in the centre and the textမွန်ပြည်နယ် (meaning "Mon State") underneath it
1974–2010Former flag ofKayah StateA Kinnara centred on a red-blue-green horizontal triband; a small blue canton defaced on the red band; inside the canton, 14 equal-sized white stars surrounding the paddy ears and the gear

Divisions / Regions

[edit]
FlagDateUseDescription
1974–2010Former flag ofAyeyarwady DivisionA stylized orange map of Ayeyarwady Region in a white box on top a field of white and blue waves with the textဧရာဝတီတိုင်း ("Ayeyarwady Division") above the map
2010–2022Former flag ofAyeyarwady DivisionSeal of Ayeyarwady Region with the textဧရာဝတီတိုင်းဒေသကြီး ("Ayeyarwady Region") above on a white field
1974–2010Former flag ofBago DivisionA blue field with a goldenhamsa, and the text "ပဲခူးတိုင်း" ("Bago Division") under the bird
2010 –c. 2019Former flag ofBago RegionA blue field with a goldenhamsa, and the text "ပဲခူးတိုင်းဒေသကြီး" ("Bago Region") under the bird
1974–2010Former flag ofMagway DivisionAn orange field with the red text "မကွေးတိုင်း" (meaning "Magway Division")
2010–2021Former flag ofMagway DivisionA yellow field charged with former seal (2010–2021)
1974–2010Former flag ofMandalay Division
2010–2021Flag ofMandalay RegionSeal of Mandalay Region on a red field
Is also the current Flag
2021–2022Former flag ofMandalay RegionSeal of Mandalay Region on blue background
1974–2010Former flag ofSagaing DivisionA green field with a yellowBurmese leograph and the yellow text "စစ်ကိုင်းတိုင်း" (meaning "Sagaing Division")
2010–2019Former flag ofSagaing RegionA red field with aBurmese leograph and the text "စစ်ကိုင်းတိုင်းဒေသကြီး" (meaning "Sagaing Region")[51][52][53]
1974–2010Former flag ofTanintharyi DivisionA dark blue field with the text "တနင်္သာရီတိုင်း" (meaning "Tanintharyi Division")
1974–2010Former flag ofYangon Division
2010–2022Former flag ofYangon Region

Political flags

[edit]
FlagDatePartyDescription
2015–2019Confederate Farmers Party
2014–2019Kachin Democratic Partymy
2013–2019Kachin State Democracy Party
2010–2014Rakhine Nationalities Development Party
1962–1988Burma Socialist Programme Party
1958–1964
1945–1958
Union Party
Anti-Fascist People's Freedom League
1942–1943Poor Man's Party
1930-1950sThakins

Armed groups

[edit]
FlagDateUseDescription
1999–2013Vigorous Burmese Student Warriors
1995–2005Shan State National Army
1985–1996Mong Tai Army
1978–2009Karenni National People's Liberation Front
1964–1975Shan State Army
1960–1996Shan United Revolutionary Army

Former national flag proposals

[edit]
FlagDateUseDescription
Proposed in 2006Flag proposed for Myanmar at the 2006 Plenary Session of the National ConventionA horizontal tricolour of green, yellow and red, with a white five-pointed star in the canton
Proposed in 2019TheNational League for Democracy's proposed flag for MyanmarA red field with a blue canton, in which there is a large white five-pointed star surrounded by a circle of 14 small white five-pointed stars
Proposed in 2019TheShan Nationalities League for Democracy's proposed flag for MyanmarA light blue field with a large white five-pointed star surrounded by a circle of eight small white five-pointed stars, with three horizontal stripes of yellow, green and red in the hoist
Proposed in 2019TheZomi Congress for Democracy's proposed flag for MyanmarA light blue field with a white map of Myanmar in the centre surrounded by an orange oval ring
Proposed in 2019TheNational Unity Party's proposed flag for MyanmarA yellow-brown field with a grey oval in the centre surrounded by a black ring and containing a map of Myanmar displaying the individual states and regions of the country in various colours

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ab"Prime Minister attends hoisting of State Flag of Republic of the Union of Myanmar"(PDF).The Global New Light of Myanmar. News and Periodical Enterprise, Ministry of Information, Union of Myanmar. 22 October 2010.
  2. ^Article 437 (a), ChapterXIII, Constitution of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar, (2008)
  3. ^The Union Flag Law (law) (in Burmese). TheState Peace and Development Council. 21 October 2010.
  4. ^"President Obama Promises Support for the People of Burma".obamawhitehouse.archives.gov. 19 November 2012.
  5. ^"ချင်းပြည်နယ်အလံဒီဇိုင်းရေးဆွဲသူ ဒေါက်တာတမ်အောင်လိန်းကွယ်လွန်" [Chin State Flag Designer Dr Tam Aung Lin dies].Zalen Media (in Burmese). 20 November 2020.
  6. ^Khant, Naung (8 June 2018)."Mon State Hluttaw approves picture of golden hamsa on red background as Mon State flag".Burma News International. Retrieved21 August 2018.
  7. ^ပပ်ႉလၵ်းၼမ်း မုၵ်ႉၸုမ်းၸၢဝ်းၶိူဝ်းတႆး၊ ၼႃႈ – ၂
  8. ^ကောင်းခန့်လင်း(မုံရွာ) (8 October 2019)."စစ်ကိုင်းတိုင်းဒေသကြီး ကိုယ်စားပြု အလံနှင့် လိုဂိုအသစ်ကို ပြောင်းလဲအသုံးပြုမည်" [The new flag and logo representing Sagaing Region will be changed].Eleven Media Group Co., Ltd (in Burmese).
  9. ^"ဓနုအမျိုးသားနေ့နဲ့ ရိုးရာဝတ်စုံသတ်မှတ်" [Dhanu National Day and traditional costumes].BBC (in Burmese). 29 November 2017.
  10. ^https://www.facebook.com/%E1%80%93%E1%82%8F%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B0%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B3%E1%80%B8-%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9A%E1%80%A5%E1%80%B9%E1%80%B1%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%99%E1%82%88-1649294585312928/photos/1978268092415574[user-generated source]
  11. ^https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=503330114241094&set=pcb.503330430907729[user-generated source]
  12. ^abc"Self-Administered Zones (Myanmar)".
  13. ^"Union Minister U Kyaw Tint Sweattends 2019 Naga New Year ceremony".www.msco.gov.mm. Government of Myanmar. Retrieved10 December 2019.
  14. ^[1] frommyintmyat (28 March 2017)."Parade of 74th Anniversary Armed Forces Day held".Office of the Commander-in-Chief of Defence Services.
  15. ^[2] fromMNA (28 March 2019)."Military parade to mark 74th Anniversary of Armed Forces Day held in Nay Pyi Taw".Myanmar Digital News.
  16. ^abhttps://www.myanmar-now.org/en/news/commander-in-chief-says-constitution-can-be-repealed Commander-in-chief says constitution can be repealed
  17. ^[3] from"State Administration Council Chairman Commander-in-Chief of Defence Services Senior General Min Aung Hlaing holds talks with Commander-in-Chief of the Royal Cambodian Armed Forces General Vong Pisen through video conferencing".myawady.net.mm. Nay Pyi Taw. 8 December 2021.
  18. ^Parade of the 76th Anniversary Armed Forces Day held;Chairman of the State Administration Council Commanderin-Chief of Defence Services Senior General Maha Thray Sithu Min Aung Hlaing delivers address / seniorgeneralminaunghlaing.com.mm
  19. ^Vice-Chairman of the State Administration Council Vice-Senior General Soe Win holds phone talks with Australian Vice-chief of Defence Force yesterday. Photo: MNA fromMNA (February 2021)."Vice-Senior General holds discussions with Australian Vice-chief of Defence Force over phone".Global New Light of Myanmar.
  20. ^abBurmese Flags (Myanmar) from The World Flag Database. Flags.net (21 October 2010). Retrieved on 27 May 2011.
  21. ^"Myanmar Bangladesh border meeting".
  22. ^"Myanmar military ordered to change the arm patch of Tachileik Border Guard".
  23. ^https://pbs.twimg.com/media/FBBC-J-XsAAqbGd.jpg[bare URL image file]
  24. ^"Ministries".Myanmar National Portal.
  25. ^"Ministry of Home Affairs".The Republic of the Union of Myanmar Ministry of Home Affairs.
  26. ^အရှင်စန္ဒောဘာသ(ရွှေဘို) (1995).သာသနာ့အလံတော် (in Burmese). ရွှေပုရပိုက်စာပေ.
  27. ^"Islamic Religious Affairs Council Myanmar".Facebook.
  28. ^"YMBA အသင်းသူ/သားများအနေဖြင့် YMBA ဗဟိုအမှုဆောင်များအား ကြိုတင်အသိပေးတင်ပြခြင်းမရှိဘဲ မိမိသဘောဆန္ဒအလျောက် မီဒီယာများကိုဖြေကြားခွင့်မပြု".People Media (in Burmese). 11 January 2021.
  29. ^Mister Maung Hmaing (1914).ဒေါင်းဋီကာ [Peacock Details].
  30. ^ဝရဇိန် (ဆရာစံမြေ) (September 2011).မြန်မာ့သမိုင်းဝင်အလံများနှင့် မြန်မာခေါင်းဆောင်မျာ [Myanmar's Historical Flags And Myanmar Leaders].
  31. ^Page 6, Part 2, Treatise about State Seals and State Flags Used Through Successive Periods In Myanmar.
    Presenter = Yi Yi Nyunt, Director, Nationalities Youth Resources Development Degree College Sagaing, Department of Education and Practising, Ministry of Border Affairs, Republic of the Union of Myanmar
  32. ^ဗန်းမော်တင်အောင်[in Burmese].မြန်မာနိုင်ငံတော်သမိုင်း [Myanmar State History].
  33. ^abcBurma Celebrates Independence 1948.British Pathé. 1948. VLVA9I02D6F29HT6UH95ALQGCYMK.
  34. ^abcHubert de Vries (27 March 2012)."Myanmar Burma Part 2".hubert-herald.nl.
  35. ^Nippon News, Number 166, Nippon News, No. 166, August 11, 1943 (video) (in Japanese). NHK International Inc. 11 August 1943.
  36. ^abcဗိုလ်အေးမောင် (1955).နိုင်ငံတော်အလံနှင့်နေ့ထူးများ THE NATIONAL FLAG AND THE SIGNIFICANT DAYS OF THE UNION OF BURMA (in Burmese). Rangoon: Burma Translation Society.
  37. ^abမောင်အုန်းဖေ (May 2004).ဒီဟာအစ ဒီလိုဗျ.
  38. ^မြန်မာဖတ်စာ ဒုတိယတန်း (Grade-3) [Myanmar Textbook for Second Standard (Grade-3)] (in Burmese). Ministry of Education, Government of the Union of Myanmar. 2006. p. 1.
  39. ^"နိုင်ငံတော်အလံအား ချစ်ခင်မြတ်နိုးတန်ဖိုးထားပါ".myawady.net.mm.
  40. ^abcdHubert de Vries (11 June 2010)."Myanmar Burma Part 1".hubert-herald.nl.
  41. ^abcdePedersen, Christian Fogd (1971). Bedells, John (ed.).The International Flag Book in Colour. London. p. 72.ISBN 07137-0536-1.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  42. ^"ဒီမိုကရက်တစ် တရားမျှတမှုကို ကိုယ်တိုင် ကျင့်ဆောင်ခဲ့တဲ့ တရားဝန်ကြီးချုပ်".BBC (in Burmese). 13 August 2010.
  43. ^abcVries, Hubert de (5 April 2012)."Myanmar Burma Part 3".hubert-herald.nl.
  44. ^"Senior General Than Shwe in India to discuss trade and security". PIME AsiaNews. 20 July 2010.
  45. ^Gleeson, Sean (18 July 2017)."Whatever happened to the tyrant Than Shwe?". Southeast Asia Globe.
  46. ^နတ်မောက် ဘုန်းကျော် (March 2014).ရှေးခေတ် မြန်မာ့တပ်မတော်မှတ်စုများ [Ancient Burmese Army Notes] (in Burmese).
  47. ^Jowett, Phillip (25 June 2020). Windrow, Martin (ed.).Japan's Asian Allies 1941–45.Osprey publishing. p. 17.
  48. ^Jowett, Phillip (25 June 2020). Windrow, Martin (ed.).Japan's Asian Allies 1941–45.Osprey publishing. p. 27.
  49. ^Jane, Fred T. (2004). Saunders, Stephen (ed.).Jane's Fighting Ships (2004–2005) (107th ed.). Jane's Information. p. 488.ISBN 0-7106-2623-1.
  50. ^"A photo posted on Facebook by a Navy Officer".Facebook.
  51. ^2014 Yangon Region Chief Minister Cup, Regions and States Sport Tournament[4][5]
  52. ^https://myanmar.mmtimes.com/sites/myanmar.mmtimes.com/files/styles/mmtimes_ratio_c_normal_detail_image/public/news-images/5-myo-win-tun-230-f2.jpg?itok=P-TEXhBb[bare URL image file]
  53. ^"မ်ိဳး တံဆိပ္ရိုက္ on Facebook".Facebook. Archived fromthe original on 30 April 2022.[user-generated source]
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