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List of British divisions during the Crimean War

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Main articles:British Army during the Victorian Era andList of British Army formations during the Victorian-era

On 28 March 1854, in support of theOttoman Empire, the British and theSecond French Empire declared war on theRussian Empire. Anglo-French forces landed atGallipoli, to be in a position to defendConstantinople if needed.[1] On 21 February 1854,FitzRoy Somerset, 1st Baron Raglan was appointed as thegeneral officer commanding of the expeditionary force that was dubbed theArmy of the East or theEastern Army.[2] In mid-June, the British force advanced toVarna, on theBlack Sea coast ofOttoman Bulgaria. At Varna, they were reorganised into divisions.[3]

British strategic policy was to destroy the RussianBlack Sea Fleet, based atSevastopol, in order to end the war and carry-out long-term British goals.[4] On 14 September, the expeditionary landed north of Sevastopol and subsequently fought theBattle of Alma.[5] This was followed by theinvestment the Russian port in October and the start of theSiege of Sevastopol.[6] The expeditionary force fought theBattle of Inkerman soon after. While the battle ended in victory for the British force, it created the conditions that dragged the siege on through the winter into 1855.[7] After the city had been subjected to several major cannonades, theBattle of the Great Redan was launched in 1855.[8] This marked the final effort of the campaign. The expeditionary force remained in theCrimea until the war ended in 1856, after which the British Army demobilised.[9]

Divisions

[edit]
Divisions
Formation nameCreatedCeased to existLocations servedNotesRef
1st Division20 June 18541856Ottoman Empire (East Thrace and Bulgaria), Russian Empire (Crimea)[10][11]
2nd Division20 June 18541856Ottoman Empire (East Thrace and Bulgaria), Russian Empire (Crimea)The division played a prominent role in theBattle of Inkerman[12][13]
3rd Division18 August 18541856Ottoman Empire (East Thrace and Bulgaria), Russian Empire (Crimea)[14][15]
4th Division18 August 18541856Ottoman Empire (East Thrace and Bulgaria), Russian Empire (Crimea)The division was not complete by the time it had landed in the Crimea, and received additional troops in September and its final units in November 1854. The division was heavily engaged in theBattle of Inkerman and went through four commanding officers during the fighting.[15][16]
Highland Division13 August 18551856Russian Empire (Crimea)Formed in the Crimea following the reorganisation of the British force[17]
Light Division1856Ottoman Empire (East Thrace and Bulgaria), Russian Empire (Crimea)
Cavalry Division18 August 18541856Ottoman Empire (East Thrace and Bulgaria), Russian Empire (Crimea)[15]

Footnotes

[edit]

Citations

[edit]
  1. ^Royle 2004, pp. 127–129.
  2. ^Springman 2005, p. 20;McGuigan 2001, p. 10.
  3. ^Barthorp 1980, p. 155;Bowden 1991, p. 16;Ponting 2006, p. 72.
  4. ^Lambert 2016, pp. 119–121.
  5. ^Ponting 2006, pp. 89, 94.
  6. ^Ffrench Blake 2006, pp. 169–170.
  7. ^Warner 2001, pp. 75–79;Ffrench Blake 2006, pp. 86–94, 98–101;Raugh 2004, p. 187.
  8. ^Warner 2001, pp. 150–152;Richards 2006, p. 152.
  9. ^Ffrench Blake 2006, pp. 143–144, 150–151;Demchak 2011, p. 127.
  10. ^McGuigan 2001, p. 13.
  11. ^"No. 21564".The London Gazette. 22 June 1854. p. 1931.
  12. ^Barthorp 1980, p. 155;Demchak 2011, p. 127;Warner 2001, pp. 75–79;Ffrench Blake 2006, pp. 86–94, 98–101;Raugh 2004, p. 187.
  13. ^"No. 21564".The London Gazette. 22 June 1854. p. 1932.
  14. ^McNish, Messenger & Bray 2000, p. 242;Barthorp 1980, p. 155;Demchak 2011, p. 127.
  15. ^abc"No. 21584".The London Gazette. 18 August 1854. p. 2566.
  16. ^Barthorp 1980, p. 155;McGuigan 2001, pp. 8, 10, 29–34.
  17. ^McGuigan 2001, p. 53.

References

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