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List of β-lactam antibiotics

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The β-lactam core structures.(A) A penam.(B) A carbapenam.(C) An oxapenam.(D) A penem.(E) A carbapenem.(F) A monobactam.(G) A cephem.(H) A carbacephem.(I) An oxacephem.

This is a list of commonβ-lactam antibiotics—both administered drugs and those not in clinical use—organized by structural class. Antibiotics are listed alphabetically within their class or subclass by theirnonproprietary name. If an antibiotic is acombination drug, both ingredients will be listed.

Penams

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Penicillin G
Amoxicillin
Main articles:Penicillin andPenam

Narrow-spectrum

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β-lactamase-sensitive

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β-lactamase-resistant

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Broad spectrum

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Extended spectrum (Antipseudomonal)

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Main article:Extended-spectrum penicillin

Carboxypenicillins

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Ureidopenicillins

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Cephems

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Cephalosporin C
Cefoxitin
Main articles:Cephalosporin,Cephamycin, andCephem

First generation (moderate spectrum)

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Second generation (moderate spectrum)

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cefuroxime, cefaclor, cefprozil

With anti-Haemophilus activity

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With anti-anaerobic activity

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Third generation (broad spectrum)

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Fourth generation (broad spectrum)

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(Withβ-lactamase stability and enhanced activity againstGram-positive bacteria andPseudomonas aeruginosa)

Fifth generation* (broad spectrum)

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(activity againstMRSA and variably VRE. *Not universally accepted nomenclature. NOAntipseudomonal activity, mostly ceftriaxone coverage with additional MRSA and some VRE)

Carbapenems and penems

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(Broadest spectrum of β-lactam antibiotics)

Thienamycin
Main articles:Carbapenem andPenem

Monobactams

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Aztreonam
Main article:Monobactam

β-lactamase inhibitors

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Clavulanic Acid
Main article:β-lactamase inhibitor
β-lactams
(inhibit synthesis
of peptidoglycan
layer of bacterial
cell wall by binding
to and inhibiting
PBPs, a group of
D-alanyl-D-alanine
transpeptidases
)
Penicillins (Penams)
Narrow
spectrum
β-lactamase sensitive
(1st generation)
β-lactamase resistant
(2nd generation)
Extended
spectrum
Aminopenicillins (3rd generation)
Carboxypenicillins (4th generation)
Ureidopenicillins (4th generation)
Other
Carbapenems /Penems
Cephems
Cephalosporins
Cephamycins
Carbacephems
1st generation
2nd generation
3rd generation
4th generation
5th generation
Siderophore
Veterinary
Monobactams
β-lactamase inhibitors
Combinations
Polypeptides
Lipopeptides
Other
  • Inhibits PG elongation and crosslinking:Ramoplanin§
Intracellular
Other
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