WhenEdward Blyth first described the golden-breasted fulvetta in 1845, from a written description provided by naturalistBrian Houghton Hodgson of a specimen collected in Nepal, he gave it the scientific nameProparus chrysotis.[3][nb 1] Most ornithologists kept it in that genus until 1889, whenEugene William Oates created thegenusLioparus and named the golden-breasted fulvetta as itstype species and sole member. He moved the species out of the genusProparus because it had a broaderbill, much longerrictal bristles (bristles hanging over the nostrils) and smaller hind claws than other species in the genus.[5][6][7] There are six recognized subspecies:[8]
L. c. chrysotis, thenominate subspecies, is found from central Nepal east to northeastern India (westernArunachal Pradesh) and adjacent southern China (southeasternTibet).[8] This has a grey chin and throat with silvery white tips to the feathers, a coal grey head and either lacking or having a narrow white median crown or coronal stripe.[9][10] Some Sikkim specimens have a grey coronal stripe.[11]
L. c. albilineatus, described byWalter Koelz in 1954, is found inAssam,Nagaland andManipur in northeastern India.[8] Said to have a prominent white coronal stripe and brighter plumage.[12][13]
L. c. forresti, described byWalter Rothschild in 1926, is found in northeasternMyanmar and northwesternYunnan (in southern China).[8] They have the coronal stripe made up of white spots which are yellowish towards the nape. It is named after the collector of the type specimen,George Forrest.[11]
L. c. amoenus, described byErnst Walter Mayr in 1941, is found in southeastern Yunnan andTonkin in northwestern Vietnam.[8]
L. c. robsoni, described by J. C. Eames in 2002, is found in central Vietnam.[8] It has a yellow throat and chin, an off-white central crown stripe and olive-grey ear coverts.[10]
The golden-breasted fulvetta is a small bird, measuring 10–11.5 cm (3.9–4.5 in) in length[nb 2] with a mass between 5 and 10 g (0.18 and 0.35 oz).[8] The head and crown are black or grey and the black wings have orange-yellow slashes. The secondaries are tipped white and brown tail has two thirds of the base edged in orange yellow. The underparts are predominantly yellow and the throat may be grey or yellowish depending on the populations. The presence, prominence and colour of the median crown stripe varies with populations. The sexes are indistinguishable by plumage.[13][15]
The golden-breasted fulvetta is found from central Nepal through Bhutan, northern India and Myanmar to western China and northern Vietnam. It is analtitudinal migrant, moving from breeding grounds at 2,000–2,800 m (6,600–9,200 ft) to foothills as low as 1,600 m (5,200 ft), and occasionally down to 1,300 m (4,300 ft), in the winter.[16]
Golden-breasted fulvettas are found in broad-leaved evergreen forests and montane bamboo where they forage at a low height for insects, moving in groups of as many as 30 individuals in winter, and often joining mixed-species foraging flocks.[15]
TheInternational Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) lists the golden-breasted fulvetta as a species ofleast concern. Although its population has not been quantified and is thought to be declining, the decline is not thought to be precipitous, and its overall range is vast.[1] In recent times, there has been growing pressure on some populations, with people collecting them as a food source or as pets.[17]
Several species offeather mite have been described from specimens of the golden-breasted fulvetta includingTimalinyssus grallator,[18]Neocalcealges chrysotis,Anhemialge lioparus andResartor extraneus from China.[19][20][21]
^Koelz, Walter (1954). "Ornithological studies I. New birds from Iran, Afghanistan, and India".Contributions from the Institute for Regional Exploration.1:1–32.
^abAli, S.; Ripley, S.D. (1996).Handbook of the Birds of India and Pakistan. Volume 7. Laughing Thrushes to the Mangrove Whistler (2 ed.). Delhi: Oxford University Press. pp. 109–110.
^Cramp, Stanley, ed. (1977).Handbook of the Birds of Europe, the Middle East and North Africa: Birds of the Western Palearctic, Volume 1, Ostrich to Ducks. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. p. 3.ISBN978-0-19-857358-6.
^abRasmussen, P.C.; Anderton, J.C. (2005).Birds of South Asia. The Ripley Guide. Volume 2. Smithsonian Institution and Lynx Edicions. pp. 452–453.
^Spiereburg, Peter (2005).Birds in Bhutan: Status and Distribution. Bedford, UK: Oriental Bird Club. p. 307.ISBN978-0-9529545-1-4.
^Chang, HUI-QUN; Wang, ZI-Ying; Liu, Huai (2018). "Four new feather mite species of the genus Anhemialges Gaud, 1958 (Astigmata: Analgidae) from China".Zootaxa.4531 (2):251–265.doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4531.2.6.PMID30651445.
