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Liolithax

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Extinct genus of dolphins

Liolithax Temporal range:Middle Miocene,13–11 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N ↓
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Artiodactyla
Infraorder:	Cetacea
Family:	†Kentriodontidae
Subfamily:	†Kentriodontinae
Genus:	†Liolithax Kellogg, 1931
Type species
†Liolithax kernensis Kellogg, 1931

Liolithax is an extinct genus ofdolphin from theMiddle Miocene (Serravallian)Temblor Formation of California.

Taxonomy

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Liolithax kernensis, described byRemington Kellogg on the basis of the perioticCAS 4370 in 1931,^[1] was considered the only species of the genus until Barnes (1978) reassigned"Lophocetus" pappus toLiolithax based on similarities between the holotype periotic ofL. kernensis and the periotic ofL. pappus.Liolithax was grouped in Kampholophinae withKampholophos by Barnes (1978, 1985).^[2]^[3]

The discovery of a skull from middle Miocene deposits in Baja California, Mexico cast doubt on the congenericity of"Lophocetus" pappus with theLiolithax type species by including a petrosal more similar toL. kernensis than to the petrosals included in the skulls ofpappus.^[4] In a 2008 SVPCA abstract, Lawrence Barnes and colleagues noted that the Baja California skull differed from"Lophocetus" pappus in having a smaller tooth diameter, a more slender rostrum, and smaller size. They classifiedLiolithax in Kentriodontinae while stressing that"Lophocetus" pappus is a lophocetine in need of a new generic name.^[5] The cladistic analysis ofBrujadelphis by Lambert et al. (2017) recovered"Lophocetus" pappus (asLiolithax pappus) as sister toLipotidae, but did not test the phylogenetic relationships ofLiolithax kernensis relative to Lipotidae, Iniidae, or other kentriodontids.^[6] The generic distinctness of"Lophocetus" pappus from theLiolithax type species was further confirmed by Godfrey and Lambert (2023), who erected the new genusMiminiacetus forL. pappus.^[7]

References

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^Kellogg, R. 1931. Pelagic mammals from the Temblor formation of the Kern River region, California. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, Series 4, 19, 217-397.
^L. G. Barnes. 1978. A review of Lophocetus and Liolithax and their relationships to the delphinoid family Kentriodontidae (Cetacea: Odontoceti). Bulletin of the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County 28:1-35
^L. G. Barnes. 1985. The Late Miocene dolphin Pithanodelphis Abel, 1905 (Cetacea: Kentriodontidae) from California. Contributions in Science 367:1-27.
^Flores-Trujillo, J.G., Aranda-Manteca, F.J., & Barnes, L.G. 2000. Identificación del delfín fósil del Mioceno Medio, Liolithax kernensis Kellogg 1931. [The identity of the fossil Middle Miocene dolphin, Liolithax kernensis Kellogg 1931.] Programa y Resúmenes, XXV Reunión Internacional para el Estudio de los Mamíferos Marinos, Sociedad Mexicana de Mastozoología Marina, La Paz, Baja California Sur, México, 7–11 May 2000, p. 4.
^http://svpca.org/years/2008_dublin/abstracts.pdf^{[bare URL PDF]}
^Olivier Lambert, Giovanni Bianucci, Mario Urbina, Jonathan H. Geisler; A new inioid (Cetacea, Odontoceti, Delphinida) from the Miocene of Peru and the origin of modern dolphin and porpoise families. Zool J Linn Soc 2017; 179 (4): 919-946. doi: 10.1111/zoj.12479.https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/179/4/919/3076080/A-new-inioid-Cetacea-Odontoceti-Delphinida-from?guestAccessKey=3b956b95-d215-488a-8d90-1cff59554290#63703008
^Godfrey, S. J., and Lambert, O. (2023). Miocene Toothed Whales (Odontoceti) from Calvert Cliffs, Atlantic Coastal Plain, USA. Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology. 107: 49–186. doi:10.5479/si.23847438.

Odontocete genera

Kingdom:Animalia
Phylum:Chordata
Class:Mammalia
Order:Artiodactyla
Infraorder:Cetacea

Odontoceti

†Agorophius †Ankylorhiza †Archaeodelphis †Argyrocetus †Ashleycetus †Caolodelphis †Chilcacetus †Enigmatocetus †Eoplatanista †Inticetus †Macrodelphinus †Microcetus †Mirocetus †Neosqualodon †Olympicetus †Papahu †Patriocetus †Phoberodon †Phococetus †Prosqualodon †Sachalinocetus †Simocetus †Sulakocetus †Tangaroasaurus
†Xenorophidae	Albertocetus Cotylocara Echovenator Inermorostrum Xenorophus
†Waipatiidae	Awamokoa Ediscetus Nihohae Nihoroa Otekaikea Urkudelphis Waipatia
†Squalodontidae	Eosqualodon Squalodon
†Squaloziphiidae	Crisocetus? Squaloziphius Yaquinacetus
†Eurhinodelphinidae	Ceterhinops Eurhinodelphis Iniopsis Mycteriacetus Phocaenopsis Schizodelphis Vanbreenia Xiphiacetus Ziphiodelphis
Crown-Odontoceti	see below↓

Crown-Odontoceti

Physeteroidea

†Acrophyseter †Albicetus †Brygmophyseter †Eudelphis †Hoplocetus †Livyatan †Miophyseter †Rhaphicetus †Scaldicetus †Zygophyseter
Kogiidae	†Aprixokogia Kogia †Koristocetus †Nanokogia †Platyscaphokogia †Pliokogia †Praekogia †Scaphokogia †Thalassocetus?
Physeteridae	†Aulophyseter †Cozzuoliphyseter †Diaphorocetus †Idiophyseter †Idiorophus †Orycterocetus Physeter †Physeterula †Placoziphius †Thalassocetus?

Platanistoidea

†Aondelphis †Dolgopolis †Ensidelphis †Perditicetus †Eurhinodelphinidae? †Squalodontidae? †Waipatiidae?
†Allodelphinidae?	Allodelphis Arktocara Goedertius Ninjadelphis Zarhinocetus
†Squalodelphinidae?	Furcacetus Huaridelphis Macrosqualodelphis Medocinia Notocetus Phocageneus Squalodelphis
Platanistidae	†Araeodelphis †Dilophodelphis †Grimadelphis †Pachyacanthus? †Pebanista Platanista †Pomatodelphis †Prepomatodelphis †Zarhachis?

Ziphiidae

†Aporotus †Beneziphius †Caviziphius †Chavinziphius †Chimuziphius †Choneziphius †Dagonodum †Globicetus †Imocetus †Messapicetus †Nazcacetus †Nenga †Ninoziphius †Notoziphius †Pterocetus Tasmacetus †Tusciziphius †Xhosacetus †Ziphirostrum
Berardiinae	†Archaeoziphius Berardius †Microberardius
Ziphiinae	†Izikoziphius Ziphius
Hyperoodontinae	†Africanacetus Hyperoodon †Ihlengesi Indopacetus Mesoplodon

Delphinida	see below↓

Delphinida

†Albireo †Atocetus †Brevirostrodelphis †Cammackacetus †Delphinodon †Hadrodelphis †Herbeinodelphis †Liolithax †Lophocetus †Macrokentriodon †Miminiacetus †Odobenocetops †Pictodelphis †Pithanodelphis †Tagicetus †Westmorelandelphis
†Kentriodontidae	Belonodelphis? Kampholophos Kentriodon Platysvercus Sophianacetus Rudicetus Wimahl
Lipotidae	Lipotes †Parapontoporia †Prolipotes

Inioidea

†Awadelphis
Iniidae	†Brujadelphis †Goniodelphis Inia †Ischyrorhynchus †Isoninia? †Isthminia †Kwanzacetus †Meherrinia †Plicodontinia †Saurocetes
Pontoporiidae	†Atocetus? †Auroracetus †Brachydelphis †Piscorhynchus †Pliopontos †Pontistes †Protophocaena †Samaydelphis †Scaldiporia †Stenasodelphis Pontoporia

Delphinoidea

Monodontidae	†Bohaskaia †Casatia Delphinapterus †Denebola †Haborodelphis Monodon
Phocoenidae	†Archaeophocaena †Australithax †Haborophocoena †Lomacetus †Miophocaena Neophocaena †Numataphocoena Phocoena Phocoenoides †Piscolithax †Pterophocaena? †Semirostrum †Septemtriocetus

Delphinidae

†Arimidelphis †Australodelphis †Eodelphinus †Etruridelphis †Hemisyntrachelus Lagenorhynchus †Norisdelphis Orcinus †Platalearostrum †Pliodelphis †Pterophocaena?
Lissodelphininae	Cephalorhynchus Lissodelphis
Delphininae	Delphinus Lagenodelphis Sotalia Sousa Stenella Tursiops
Globicephalinae	Feresa Globicephala Grampus Orcaella Peponocephala Pseudorca Steno

Taxon identifiers
Liolithax	Wikidata:Q48996447 Paleobiology Database:36749

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