Alime is the fruit of several species ofcitrus, most of which are hybrids within the genusCitrus (familyRutaceae). Limes are generally small, round to oval fruits with green flesh and skin and a distinctly sour taste due to their highcitric acid content. They are widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions for culinary, medicinal, and ornamental purposes.
The term "lime" is used for a variety of citrus fruits, including theKey lime (Citrus × aurantiifolia),Persian lime (Citrus × latifolia),Makrut lime (Citrus hystrix),finger lime (Citrus australasica),blood lime (hybrid), anddesert lime among others. Limes are a rich source ofvitamin C and are used to accent the flavours of foods and beverages. In 2023, world production of limes (combined withlemons) was 23.6 milliontonnes, led by India and Mexico.
Limes are typically 3–6 cm (1–2.5 in) in diameter and have a thin to moderately thick rind that is green when unripe and may turn yellow when fully mature. The pulp is juicy and highly acidic. Most commercial varieties are harvested green, when their flavour and acidity are strongest. Lime trees are small, evergreen shrubs or low trees with glossy leaves and fragrant white flowers. Fruit seediness varies: Key limes are generally seedy, while Persian limes are nearly seedless.
Limes do not form a single botanical group, as most commercial varieties are hybrids derived fromcitron (C. medica),mandarin (C. reticulata),pomelo (C. maxima), and sometimesmicrantha.
During the 19th century,British sailors consumed citrus, including limes, to preventscurvy, giving rise to the nickname "limey". The practice was a closely guarded military secret.
Lime (and lemon) production 2023, millions of tonnes
Contact with lime peel or juice followed by exposure toultraviolet light can causephytophotodermatitis ("margarita photodermatitis"). Furanocoumarins, includingbergapten,limettin,psoralen, andxanthotoxin, are the primary phototoxic compounds. Lime peel contains higher concentrations than pulp, making it more phototoxic.[11][12][13]
