Liling 醴陵市 | |
|---|---|
 状元洲  中国陶瓷谷  醴陵门  渌江书院  西山渌江大桥  瓷城路  渌江桥周边  西山上望醴陵 | |
  Liling Location in Hunan | |
| Coordinates:27°38′46″N113°29′49″E / 27.6461°N 113.4970°E /27.6461; 113.4970 | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Province | Hunan |
| Prefecture-level city | Zhuzhou |
| Area | |
| 2,158.0 km2 (833.2 sq mi) | |
| • Urban | 113.80 km2 (43.94 sq mi) |
| Population (2017)[1] | |
| 1,116,000 | |
| • Density | 517.1/km2 (1,339/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 247,500 |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
Liling (Chinese:醴陵;pinyin:Lǐlíng) is acounty-level city and the12th most populous county-level division inHunan Province, China; it is under the administration of theprefecture-level city ofZhuzhou. Located on the middle eastern margin of the province, the city is bordered to the north byLiuyang City, to the west byLusong District andZhuzhou County, to the south byYou County, and to the east byXiangdong District ofYichun,Shangli County ofJiangxi. Liling City covers 2,157 km2 (833 sq mi) withregistered population of 978,900 and resident population of 1,060,000 (as of 2015).[2]
Liling is known for its traditional porcelain and firework industries. The "Chairman Mao" porcelain produced in Liling is used as gifts for presidents.
Liling has extensive transport links, such as G60 (Hukun highway), S11 (Yueru Highway), 320, and 106 national roads. Also, there is the Liling Hukun High speed train station and Liling train station, which mainly serves trains going east and west across China as well as local trains in Hunan. Additionally, Liling is only 90 kilometres (56 mi) south ofChangsha Huanghua International Airport (CSX).
Liling has had a booming economy since the beginning of the 21st century. In 2010, Liling had a GDP of 26.37 billion.[clarification needed]
According to the result on adjustment of township-level administrative divisions of Liling on November 26, 2015, the divisions of Liling, according to the result on adjustment of township-level administrative divisions of Liling onNovember 26, 2015:Qingshuijiang Township merged toChuanwan Town,Hejiaqiao Town and Dazhang Town merged toMingyue Town.Shenfugang Town andLishanba Town merged toChashan Town.Xinyang Township and Xianxia Town merged toZuoquan Town.Fenglinshi Township andHuangtazui Town merged toFenglin Town.Fuli Town andNanqiao Town merged toLitian Town.Wangfang Town was revoked. Liling has four subdistricts and 19 towns under its jurisdiction.[3]
| English name | Chinese name | Population (2016) | Area (km2) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yangsanshi Subdistrict | 阳三石街道 | 52,200 | 37.23 | |
| Xianyueshan Subdistrict | 仙岳山街道 | 58,000 | 38 | |
| Lailongmen Subdistrict | 来龙门街道 | 82,500 | 26.15 | |
| Guoci Subdistrict | 国瓷街道 | 55,800 | 49.15 | |
| Baitutan Town | 白兔潭镇 | 69,700 | 72.03 | |
| Banshan Town | 板杉镇 | 41,100 | 89.94 | |
| Chashan Town | 茶山镇 | 66,100 | 166.82 | |
| Chuanwan Town | 船湾镇 | 53,400 | 120.57 | |
| Dongfu Town | 东富镇 | 40,000 | 80.38 | |
| Fenglin Town | 枫林镇 | 42,900 | 100.52 | |
| Guanzhuang Town | 官庄镇 | 18,300 | 184.92 | |
| Jiashu Town | 嘉树镇 | 25,000 | 63.11 | |
| Junchu Town | 均楚镇 | 42,900 | 166.6 | |
| Litian Town | 李畋镇 | 62,800 | 122.59 | |
| Mingyue Town | 明月镇 | 72,400 | 169.1 | |
| Pukou Town | 浦口镇 | 59,600 | 79.13 | |
| Shentan Town | 沈潭镇 | 27,000 | 54 | |
| Shiting Town | 石亭镇 | 41,000 | 107 | |
| Sifen Town | 泗汾镇 | 42,000 | 62.5 | |
| Sunjiawan Town | 孙家湾镇 | 22,700 | 52.78 | |
| Wangxian Town | 王仙镇 | 48,700 | 86.87 | |
| Weishan Town | 沩山镇 | 24,000 | 86.03 | |
| Zuoquan Town | 左权镇 | 48,100 | 122.96 |
Liling is situated in the east ofHunan province. The city has a total area of 2,156.46-square-kilometre (832.61 sq mi). It is bordered byPingxiang andShangli County to the east,Liuyang to the north,Zhuzhou to the west,You County to the south.[4]
Major rivers of Liliang areLu River, Chengjiang River, Jiubu River, Zhaoling River and Jiang River.[4]
Guanzhuang Reservoir is the largest body of water and the largest reservoir in Liling.[4]
Other reservoirs include Hetian Reservoir, Xuefeng Reservoir, Wangxianqiao Reservoir, Zhoufang Reservoir and Outang Reservoir.[4]
The highest point in Mount Shamaojian (纱帽尖) is which stands 808 metres (2,651 ft) above sea level.[4]
Zhangxianling (彰仙岭) is the second highest natural elevation in the city, which is 707 metres (2,320 ft) above sea level.[4]
Liling has a subtropical monsoon climate, with an average annual temperature of 18 °C (64 °F), total annual rainfall of 1,300-to-1,600-millimetre (51 to 63 in), a frost-free period of 288 days and annual average sunshine hours in 1500 to 1910 hours.
| Climate data for Liling, elevation 74 m (243 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 26.9 (80.4) | 30.4 (86.7) | 35.1 (95.2) | 36.3 (97.3) | 36.7 (98.1) | 37.8 (100.0) | 40.7 (105.3) | 40.7 (105.3) | 38.5 (101.3) | 36.0 (96.8) | 32.7 (90.9) | 25.2 (77.4) | 40.7 (105.3) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 9.6 (49.3) | 12.6 (54.7) | 16.7 (62.1) | 23.3 (73.9) | 27.9 (82.2) | 30.9 (87.6) | 34.4 (93.9) | 33.7 (92.7) | 29.9 (85.8) | 24.7 (76.5) | 18.7 (65.7) | 12.5 (54.5) | 22.9 (73.2) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 5.9 (42.6) | 8.4 (47.1) | 12.3 (54.1) | 18.2 (64.8) | 22.9 (73.2) | 26.3 (79.3) | 29.3 (84.7) | 28.5 (83.3) | 24.8 (76.6) | 19.5 (67.1) | 13.6 (56.5) | 8.0 (46.4) | 18.1 (64.6) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 3.4 (38.1) | 5.6 (42.1) | 9.2 (48.6) | 14.7 (58.5) | 19.3 (66.7) | 23.0 (73.4) | 25.6 (78.1) | 25.0 (77.0) | 21.3 (70.3) | 15.8 (60.4) | 10.1 (50.2) | 4.9 (40.8) | 14.8 (58.7) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −5.0 (23.0) | −6.3 (20.7) | −2.2 (28.0) | 2.3 (36.1) | 9.4 (48.9) | 13.7 (56.7) | 18.0 (64.4) | 18.1 (64.6) | 13.3 (55.9) | 3.5 (38.3) | −0.8 (30.6) | −10.2 (13.6) | −10.2 (13.6) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 77.3 (3.04) | 89.0 (3.50) | 178.0 (7.01) | 176.3 (6.94) | 218.2 (8.59) | 235.7 (9.28) | 164.2 (6.46) | 130.6 (5.14) | 79.1 (3.11) | 60.5 (2.38) | 85.8 (3.38) | 63.9 (2.52) | 1,558.6 (61.35) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 0.1 mm) | 15.2 | 14.3 | 18.3 | 17.6 | 16.4 | 15.5 | 10.6 | 12.6 | 9.2 | 8.7 | 10.8 | 11.4 | 160.6 |
| Average snowy days | 3.0 | 1.6 | 0.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.9 | 5.8 |
| Averagerelative humidity (%) | 81 | 80 | 82 | 80 | 80 | 81 | 76 | 77 | 78 | 76 | 78 | 78 | 79 |
| Mean monthlysunshine hours | 57.5 | 62.0 | 73.9 | 100.9 | 130.7 | 136.9 | 226.1 | 202.3 | 160.6 | 138.9 | 116.7 | 97.9 | 1,504.4 |
| Percentagepossible sunshine | 17 | 19 | 20 | 26 | 31 | 33 | 54 | 50 | 44 | 39 | 36 | 30 | 33 |
| Source:China Meteorological Administration[5][6] | |||||||||||||
Liling is one of the most developed county-level cities in Hunan, it ranked the 60th in the Top100 of counties and county-level cities of China by comprehensive strength in 2020.[7] Liling has the six-largest economy in the Hunan.[8] The largest sectors of the city's economy arefireworks andporcelainmanufacturing.[8] As of 2016, thegross domestic product of Liling wasCN¥ 58.08 billion. The primary sector, including agriculture, fishing, forestry and mining, accounted for 9% of the county's GDP. Secondary industries, including manufacturing, construction, transport and communications, made up 28% of GDP. And the tertiary sector of trade, finance, services and public administration, accounted for nearly 63% of GDP.[8]
As of the end of 2016, the National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China estimates the city's population now to be 1,060,000.[9]
Mandarin is the official language. The local people speak bothXiang dialect[citation needed] and Liling dialect.
As of 2016, most of Liling people are atheists. They worshipChinese folk religion. Only 1% of Liling people belong toBuddhists, 1% areTaoists, 1% areRoman Catholics andProtestants.
As of 2016, Liling has 213 primary schools, 44 middle schools, nine high schools, one special education school and 309 kindergartens.
Shanghai–Kunming railway andShanghai–Kunming high-speed railway, which connectShanghai andKunming, run north–south through the towns and subdistrict of Litian, Baitutan, Pukou, Wangxian, Xianyueshan, Dongfu, Sunjiawan, Sifen, and Chuanwan.[4]
Liling–Chaling railway and Liling-Yongzhou railway run north–south through the city.[4]
Guanzhuang, Lu River Bridge, Geng Chuan Ancestral Temple, Lujiang Academy, Former Residence of Li Lisan, Former Residence of Chen Mingren, and Xianshan Park are popular attractions in Liling.
Changqing Temple, Yunyang Temple and Dongfu Temple are well known Buddhist temples.
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