Liberation Front of the Slovene Nation Osvobodilna fronta slovenskega naroda | |
|---|---|
| Abbreviation | OF |
| Leader | Boris Kidrič |
| Founded | April 26, 1941 (1941-04-26) |
| Dissolved | February 19, 1944 (1944-02-19) |
| Merged into | People's Front of Yugoslavia |
| Succeeded by | Slovene National Liberation Committee |
| Armed wing | Slovene Partisans |
| Ideology | Anti-fascism Communism Slovenian nationalism Yugoslavism Factions: Christian socialism Liberalism |
| Political position | Left-wing |
| Flag of the LFSN | |
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TheLiberation Front of the Slovene Nation (Slovene:Osvobodilna fronta slovenskega naroda), or simplyLiberation Front (Osvobodilna fronta,OF), originally called theAnti-Imperialist Front (Protiimperialistična fronta,PIF), was a Slovene anti-fascist political party. The Anti-Imperialist Front had ideological ties to the Soviet Union (which was at the time in anon-aggression pact with Nazi Germany)[1][2][3] in its fight against the imperialistic tendencies of the United States and the United Kingdom (the western powers),[4][5][6][7] and it was led by theCommunist Party of Slovenia. In May 1941, weeks into the German occupation of Yugoslavia, in the first wartime issue of the illegal newspaperSlovenski poročevalec (Slovenian Reporter), members of the organization criticized the German regime and described Germans as imperialists.[8] They started raising money for a liberation fund via the second issue of the newspaper published on 8 June 1941.[9] When Germany attacked the Soviet Union, the Anti-Imperialist Front was formally renamed[10][11][12] and became the mainanti-fascistSlovenecivil resistance and political organization under the guidance and control of the Slovene communists. It was active in theSlovene Lands during World War II. Its military arm was theSlovene Partisans. The organisation was established in theProvince of Ljubljana on 26 April 1941 in the house of the literary criticJosip Vidmar.[13] Its leaders wereBoris Kidrič andEdvard Kardelj.
The programme of theFronta was outlined by the following fundamental points:
Although the Front originally consisted of multiple political groups of left-wing orientation, including someChristian Socialists, a dissident group ofSlovene Sokols (also known as "National Democrats"), and a group of liberal intellectuals around the journalsSodobnost andLjubljanski zvon,[15] during the course of the war, the influence of theCommunist Party of Slovenia started to grow, until the founding groups signed the so-calledDolomite Declaration (Dolomitska izjava), giving the exclusive right to organize themselves as a political party only to the communists, on 1 March 1943.[16]
On 3 October 1943, on the session, known asAssembly of the Delegates of the Slovene Nation, which was held inKočevje by the 572 directly elected and 78 indirectly elected members, the 120-memberplenum was constituted as the highest civil governing organ of anti-fascist movement in Slovenia during the World War II.[citation needed]
After the war, the Liberation Front was transformed into theSocialist Alliance of the Working People of Slovenia.[17]
On 19 February 1944, the 120-memberČrnomelj plenum of Liberation Front of the Slovenian People changed its name toSNOS and proclaim itself as the temporary Slovenian parliament. One of its most important decisions was that after the end of the war Slovenia would become a state within theYugoslav federation.[18]
Just before the end of the war, on May 5, 1945, the SNOS met for the last time in the town ofAjdovščina in theJulian March (then formally still part of theKingdom of Italy) and established the Slovenian government withBoris Kidrič as its president.[19]
The Liberation Front led an intensive and specific propaganda system. It printed flyers, bulletins and other material to persuade people about its cause and slander the occupying fascist forces and local Nazi collaborators who were supported by the Catholic Church.[20] The Front's radio, calledKričač (Screamer), was the only one of its kind in the occupied Europe. It emitted from various locations and occupying forces confiscated the receivers' antennas from the local population in order to prevent listening to it.[citation needed]
The Slovene Partisans were the armed wing of the Liberation Front,[21] which fought in the beginning asguerillas and later as an army. It was mostly ethnically homogenous and primarily communicated in Slovene.[15] These two features have been considered vital for its success.[15] It was the first Slovene military force.[15] Its most characteristic symbol was theTriglav cap.[15][22] Contrary to elsewhere inYugoslavia, where on the freed territories the political life was organized by themilitary itself, the Slovene Partisans were subordinated to the civil political authority of the Front.[21] The partisan activities in Slovenia were initially independent of Tito's Partisans in the south. The merger of the Slovene Partisans with Tito's forces happened in 1944.[23][24]
It has been traditionally claimed by Slovene historians that the termAnti-Imperialist Front was the first to occur.[25] This may be read for example in a work byPeter Vodopivec from 2006.[26] In 2008, the historianBojan Godeša published a peer-reviewed discussion about the name. He mentions a leaflet from the end of April 1941 withliberation front (non-capitalised) written on it, two months before the first known mention of theanti-imperialist front (non-capitalised) on 22 June 1941.[25] He also mentions thatJosip Rus, who represented theSlovene Sokol Society in the founding meeting of the OF, always claimed they had only discussed the organisation as theLiberation Front.[25] That's contrary to the opinion byJosip Vidmar, also a founding member, who stated that the organisation was renamed asLiberation Front only on 30 June 1941.[27] The claims by Godeša have been cited in a seminar byBožo Repe, another eminent historian, who added that the nameAnti-Imperialist Front, written with capital letters, was used particularly in the communication with theCommunists of the Soviet Union. He attributed this to the desire of the Slovene Communists to demonstrate that their work corresponded to the aims of theComintern.[28]
the Soviet Union was formally allied with Nazi Germany
The Soviet Union was still allied with Nazi Germany
komunisti so se za upor odločili šele po nemškem napadu na Sovjetsko zvezo 22. junija 1941, dotlej sta bili državi z Ribbentrop-Molotovovim paktom zaveznici
Komunistična stranka je doma v ilegali organizirala Protiimperialistično fronto proti zapadnim silam, ker je bila Sovjetska zveza tedaj zaveznica Hitlerjeve Nemčije in si je z njo razdelila ozemlje premagane Poljske.
zveza Protiimperialistična fronta sprva, kot pove že ime, usmerjena le proti imperialističnim silam, predvsem proti Veliki Britaniji in ZDA
... je bila OF najprej usmerjena tudi proti zahodnim silam.
... je bila organizacija usmerjena tudi proti Veliki Britaniji
Protiimperialistična fronta, ki se je po napadu Nemčije na SZ 22. junija 1941 preimenovala v Osvobodilno fronto
Protiimperialistična fronta se je v OF slovenskega naroda preimenovala po nemškem napadu na Sovjetsko zvezo 22. junija 1941
Šele po nemškem napadu na Sovjetsko zvezo 22. junija 1941, ko je SZ, ki je začela vojno na strani Tretjega Rajha, stopila na stran zahodnih zaveznikov, se je situacija za KPS spremenila, V interesu SZ je bilo, da se PIF preusmeri v boj proti okupatorju, zato se je iz taktičnih razlogov preimenovala v OF.
The former Yugoslavia's diverse peoples: a reference sourcebook.
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