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Liberalism in Greece

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This article gives an overview ofliberalism inGreece. Liberal parties in Greece are largely committed toliberalism,republicanism anddemocracy. It is limited toliberal parties.

Since 2015, classical liberalism has seen a surge in popularity.^[1] Surveys conducted in 2019 and 2023 found that approximately 20% of the population self-identified as liberal.^[1]

History

[edit]

Each of the following sections describes an element of Greek liberalism, beginning with the 19th century.

From Modernist Party to the Center Union

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1875: TheModernist Party (Neoteristikon Komma) is formed
1910: A resurrectedLiberal Party (Komma Fileleftheron) is formed underEleftherios Venizelos
1935: Faction aroundGeorgios Papandreou forms theDemocratic Socialist Party of Greece
1936: All political parties are banned in Greece underIoannis Metaxas' dictatorship, but a liberal movement remained present
1941: The Greek government in exile contains mostly liberal politicians
1946: Start of theGreek Civil War, lasting until 1949
1946: Liberal fraction led byThemistoklis Sophoulis continues under the Liberal Party name
1956: Liberal Party takes part in the elections of 1956 in theLiberal Democratic Union (Filelefthero Dimokratiko Kentro) coalition
1961: Liberal Party merges into theCentre Union

From Democratic Socialist Party to the Center Union

[edit]

1935: A faction of the Liberal Party aroundGeorgios Papandreou forms theDemocratic Socialist Party of Greece
1936: All political parties are banned in Greece underIoannis Metaxas' dictatorship, but a liberal movement remained present
1941: The Greek government in exile contains mostly liberal politicians
1946: Start of theGreek Civil War, lasting until 1949
1946: Liberal faction led byGeorgios Papandreou is part of theNational Political Union alliance
1949:National Progressive Union of the Centre (Ethniki Proodeutiki Enosis Kentrou, EPEK) is founded byNikolaos Plastiras after the Greek Civil War and disappears in 1956. The remains of the party merged intoCenter Union.
1956: Liberal faction led byGeorgios Papandreou is part of theLiberal Democratic Union coalition

From Center Union to Union of the Democratic Center

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1961: Georgios Papandreou forms the Centre Union (Enosi Kentrou)
1965: Right-wing faction of the Center Union forms the short-livedLiberal Democratic Center
1967: Start of theMilitary Junta continuing until 1974
1968:Andreas Papandreou, son of Georgios Papandreou, forms thePanhellenic Liberation Movement which eventually becomesPASOK.
1974:Centre Union - New Forces (Enosi Kentrou-Nees Dynameis) is formed byGeorge Mavros
1974: Ioannis Zigdis forms theDemocratic Center Union which merges into theUnion of the Democratic Centre in 1976
1976:Union of the Democratic Centre is formed as successor of the Centre Union - New Forces
1981:Nikitas Venizelos splits from Union of the Democratic Centre and revives theLiberal Party of his grandfather, which has participated in elections since.
2012: The Liberal Party vanished.

Party of New Liberals

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1977:Constantine Mitsotakis forms theParty of New Liberals which merges intoNew Democracy in 1978

Union of Centrists

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1990:Centre (Κέντρο) is founded by George G. Papandreou, son of Georgios Papandreou.
1992:Union of Centrists (Enosi Kentroon) is founded byVassilis Leventis and by Centre.

The Liberals and Drassi

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1999: A short-livedlibertarian party is founded byStefanos Manos,The Liberals espousing alaissez-faire political platform, such as social liberal policies. The party was dissolved in October 2001. The party's founder cooperated withPASOK in 2004, after George Papandreou's invitation to be honorarily elected as member of the Greek parliament under PASOK's flag, and founded yet another party, "Drassi", in 2009, this time refusing to use the term "liberal" and claiming it was based upon "common sense".

Liberal Alliance

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February 2007: Establishment of theLiberal Alliance, advocating economic and social liberal policies.

Recreate Greece

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December 2011: A newclassical liberal party emerged after theGreek government-debt crisis. The party aimed to establish aflat tax system and to limit the state. In May 2012 the electoral coalition of Recreate Greece, Drassi and the Liberal Alliance was announced.

Liberal leaders

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Liberal Party:Eleftherios Venizelos -Themistoklis Sophoulis -Sophoklis Venizelos
National Progressive Union of the Centre:Nikolaos Plastiras
Centre Union:Georgios Papandreou -George Mavros
Union of the Democratic Center:George Mavros -Ioannis Zigdis
Party of New Liberals:Constantine Mitsotakis

References

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^^a ^bSaravakos, Constantinos; Achontas, Georgios; Loukas, Chris (2024)."Classical Liberal Think Tanks in Greece, 1974-2024".Econ Journal Watch.21 (1):181–211 – via EBSCOHost.

v t e Liberalism in Greece
Ideology	Centrism Modern Greek Enlightenment Republicanism Liberal nationalism Liberal democracy Venizelism Anti-nepotism Megali Idea Human rights Secularism Press freedom Land reform
Political Parties	Constitutional Party Modernist Party Liberal Party National Unionist Party Liberal Democratic Union National Progressive Center Union National Political Union Centre Union Centre Union – New Forces Democratic Centre Union (Greece) Union of the Democratic Centre Liberal Party (modern) Liberal Alliance (Greece) Union of Centrists The River
People	Adamantios Korais Theophilos Kairis Dionysios Solomos Alexandros Mavrokordatos Epameinondas Deligeorgis Charilaos Trikoupis Emmanuel Rhoides Ioannis Psycharis Konstantinos Raktivan Eleftherios Venizelos Pavlos Kountouriotis Nikolaos Plastiras Themistoklis Sofoulis Georgios Kafantaris Nikolaos Politis Georgios Kartalis Dimitrios Psarros Georgios Papandreou Sofoklis Venizelos Ioannis Zigdis Georgios Mavros
Historical events	Greek War of Independence First National Assembly at Epidaurus 3 September 1843 Revolution 23 October 1862 Revolution Theriso revolt Goudi coup Movement of National Defence National Schism 11 September 1922 Revolution 1935 Greek coup d'état attempt Greek Resistance Anti-Junta movement
Policies	Democratic education Free public education Modernization Progressivism

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