Leti leti is a type of traditional transport vessel from EastMadura,Indonesia, especially from the administrative district ofSumenep.[1] The leti leti is a recent development, the hull form and sail were developed in the 19th century. In 1979, sailing leti leti numbered about 1,000, but the number reduced over the next decades as more modern, motorized vessel appeared.[2]
Leti leti is also known with other names and pronunciation, likeleti-leti,letelete,lete lete,letek-letek,leteh-leteh,parao lete', andgolekan lete. The origin of the name is unknown. In early 20th century the type was referred to in different publications astekletek. This is however the same name, with the first syllable dropped: [le]tek-letek, as in [a]lisalis.[3][4] It may also possible that the name comes from the sail it used the Madurese lete sail, which was developed in the 19th century. In fact, the "lete" from lete sail is a local pronunciation oflateen sail.[2]
It is a "fat" vessel with short sternpost, with short mast located at the frontside of the deckhouse wall. They are using triangular sail with very long upper yard. The roof of the deckhouse oftentimes was steep with aftside being higher. At the sea, the small foresail often placed in the bow, and the third sail can be placed above the deckhouse. Madurese leti leti has pointed deckhouse roof with vertical post to support the rudder.[2] Leti leti fromGiligenting, easily recognized by squared 'doghouse' abaft the main gabled deckhouse, were common sight at the late 1940s in ports all around theJava Sea, fromSumbawa toRiau.[5]
Leti leti fromSapudi distinguishable from Giligenting vessels by the lack of 'doghouse' aft, and were regarded as the most authentic examples of leti leti type. Some vessels from the 1970s onward were very large, the largest of all leti leti, and following the motorization in early 1980s, some of them became larger, of a size to rival the largest Bugis vessels.[6] Leti-leti has about 12–41 tonsgross tonnage,[7] while the larger leti leti is about 50 gt in weight.[8] The leti leti was an optimal design of small sailing cargo vessel for the Java sea, stoutly built with great load carrying capacity for its length and draught. A full laden leti leti usually doesn't havefreeboard.[9] It can be crewed by only 2 crew, one is controlling the rudder, the other one managing the sails.[10]
Fundamentally, leti leti is a merchant vessel used by Madurese people, just like pinisi of Bugis sailors.[10] Leti leti can be found in northern side of Timor islands to Singapore, but this vessel can also fish as far as Australian coast. Traditionally Madurese traders brought cattles to East Java from as far asRoti island andKupang inTimor, they also carried salt, rice, and assembled goods out from Surabaya.[11] Modern leti leti, nevertheless, is not the right type of trading perahu for Eastern Indonesian islands: This boat couldn't sail through low tide straits or they're needed a long time to pass, or dealing with blowing winds and gusts around mountainous islands, so the type of perahu used there currently is thelambo.[12]
The fleet of Madurese leti-leti competed with palari-pinisi at the end of the 1930s as the archipelago's greatest trading fleet.[13]: 218–219 In 1960–1970 the number of leti-leti was almost the same as the Bugis/Makassar palari which had a number of around 800–1000 units.[14]
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Since 1930s Mandar sailors has adopted the leti leti as one of their small trading perahu along with lambo andbago fromWest Sulawesi. Originally they got it from Madurese living alongside them in the mixed communities around Java sea such as Marumasa,Masalembu, and Kangean islands, but the current Mandarese vessels always different from Madura vessels. Their difference are Mandar-styled rudder mounting, flat roof on its deckhouse, the absence of paint pattern and black-colored stempost, but always clean, tidy, and organized. They also have flat, blade-shaped rudder that acts ascentreboard at the stern of the vessel. In the 1970s many of them can be found on Paotere harbor, Makassar. In the present, they expand its trading range to around theFlores sea and Java sea to overcome poverty in homes.[15]
Other Madurese vessels:
Other perahu from Nusantara:
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