Min Chinese dialect of China
Leizhou orLuichew Min (simplified Chinese :雷州话 ;traditional Chinese :雷州話 ;pinyin :Léizhōuhuà [lěɪʈʂóʊ xwâ] Min Chinese spoken inLeizhou city,Xuwen County ,Mazhang District , most parts ofSuixi County and also spoken inside of the linguistically diverseXiashan District . In the classification ofYuan Jiahua , it was included in theSouthern Min group, though it has low intelligibility with other Southern Min varieties. In the classification ofLi Rong , used by theLanguage Atlas of China [ 5] Hainanese in a Qiong–Lei group.[ 6]
Leizhou Min has 17 initials, 47 rimes and 8 tones.
The phoneme given here as/b/ is described by Li and Thompson instead as/v/ .[ 7]
i u a ia 兵ua 瓜ɛ iɛ 爺uɛ 妹ɔ iɔ 漿ai 派uai 蒯au 包iau 彪ɛu 嘔iu 休ɔi 矮ui 拉m̩ 唔am 耽iam 添em 冚im 音ŋ̩ 嗯iŋ 興uŋ 尊aŋ 班iaŋ 江uaŋ 完eŋ 冰ieŋ 填ɔŋ 磅iɔŋ 永ap 合iap 臘ep 鑷ip 立ik 集uk 郁ak 達iak 燭uak 括ek 德iek 即uek 國ɔk 鐸iɔk 略
Leizhou has six tones, which are reduced to two in checked syllables.
Tone chart of the Leizhou dialect Tone number Tone name Tone contour Description 1 yin ping (陰平) ˨˦ (24)rising 2 yin shang (陰上) ˦˨ (42)falling (high falling) 3 yin qu (陰去) ˨˩ (21)bottom (low falling) 4 yin ru (陰入) ˥̚ (5)high checked 5 yang ping (陽平) ˨ (2)low 6 yang shang (陽上) ˧ (3)mid 7 yang qu (陽去) ˥ (5)high 8 yang ru (陽入) ˩̚ (1)low checked
^ Min is believed to have split from Old Chinese, rather than Middle Chinese like other varieties of Chinese.[ 2] [ 3] [ 4] ^ 湛江市志·第三十六篇 方言·第三章 雷州话 ^ Mei, Tsu-lin (1970), "Tones and prosody in Middle Chinese and the origin of the rising tone",Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies ,30 :86– 110,doi :10.2307/2718766 ,JSTOR 2718766 ^ Pulleyblank, Edwin G. (1984),Middle Chinese: A study in Historical Phonology , Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, p. 3,ISBN 978-0-7748-0192-8 ^ Hammarström, Harald ; Forkel, Robert;Haspelmath, Martin ; Bank, Sebastian (2023-07-10)."Glottolog 4.8 - Min" .Glottolog Leipzig :Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology .doi :10.5281/zenodo.7398962 Archived from the original on 2023-10-13. Retrieved2023-10-13 .^ Kurpaska, Maria (2010).Chinese Language(s): A Look Through the Prism of "The Great Dictionary of Modern Chinese Dialects" .Walter de Gruyter . pp. 54– 55, 86.ISBN 978-3-11-021914-2 ^ Hou, Jingyi 侯精一 (2002).Xiàndài hànyǔ fāngyán gàilùn 现代汉语方言概论 [An Introduction to Modern Chinese Dialects ]. Shanghai Educational Press 上海教育出版社. p. 238. ^ Li, Charles; Thompson, Sandra (1983)."A Grammatical description of Xuwen : A colloquial dialect of Lei-zhou Peninsula (Part I)" .Cahiers de Linguistique Asie Orientale .13 (1):3– 21. Běijīng dàxué zhōngguóyǔyánwénxuéxì yǔyánxué jiàoyánshì. (1989) Hànyǔ fāngyīn zìhuì . Běijīng: Wénzìgǎigé chūbǎnshè.(北京大學中國語言文學系語言學教研室. 1989. 漢語方音字匯. 北京: 文字改革出版社) Norman, Jerry . [1988] (2002).Chinese . Cambridge, England: CUPISBN 0-521-29653-6 Yuán, jiāhuá (1989).Hànyǔ fāngyán gàiyào (An introduction to Chinese dialects). Beijing, China: Wénzì gǎigé chūbǎnshè. (袁家驊. 1989. 漢語方言概要. 北京:文字改革出版社.) Zhū, yuèmíng. (2005) "Léizhōuhuà yú Pǔtōnghuà bǐjiàoyīnxì yánjiū" (Comparative phonological studies on the Leizhou dialect and Putonghua)Yúnnán shīfàndàxué xuébào (zhéxué shèhuìkēxué bǎn) (Yunnan Normal University Journal (philosophy and social sciences)): vol.37 no. 5 p. 133-136. (朱月明. 2005. "雷州話與普通話音系比較研究" 《雲南師範大學學報 (哲學社會科學版)》: 第 37 卷 第 5 期 頁133-136) Office of Chorography of Zhanjiang City 湛江市地方志办公室 (2004).Zhan jiang shi zhi 湛江市志 ["Chorography of Zhanjiang City"]Zhonghua Book Company .ISBN 7-101-04214-7 the original on 2018-04-06. Retrieved2018-04-06 . Li, Charles; Thompson, Sandra (1983a). "A Grammatical description of Xuwen : A colloquial dialect of Lei-zhou Peninsula (Part I)".Cahiers de Linguistique Asie Orientale .12 (1):3– 21.doi :10.3406/clao.1983.1123 . Li, Charles; Thompson, Sandra (1983b). "A Grammatical description of Xuwen : A colloquial dialect of Lei-zhou Peninsula (Part II)".Cahiers de Linguistique Asie Orientale .12 (2):119– 148.doi :10.3406/clao.1983.1138 . Yue-Hashimoto, Anne O. (1985).The Suixi Dialect of Leizhou: A Study of Its Phonological, Lexical and Syntactic Structure . Chinese University of Hong Kong.OCLC 15111722 .
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