Lehideux and Isorni v. France (case no. 55/1997/839/1045, application no. 24662/94, Publication 1998-VII, no. 92), was a case heard by theEuropean Court of Human Rights on punishing statements praisingcollaborators. In a judgement handed down 23 September 1998, the court has held by fifteen votes against six that the conviction of applicants for their article in favour ofPhilippe Pétain was prescribed by law and pursued a legitimate aim, but wasn'tnecessary in a democratic society and therefore violated Article 10 (freedom of expression).
Besides, the court has ruled that the case "does not belong to the category of clearly established historical facts – such as theHolocaust – whose negation or revision would be removed from the protection of Article 10 by Article 17" (Para. 47). In doing so the court has ruled that the protections in Article 17, the prohibition of abuse of rights, could restrict the right of free speech granted under Article 10.
This ruling has had a direct[citation needed] influence on International treaty law. The "Additional Protocol to the Convention on cybercrime, concerning the criminalisation of acts of a racist and xenophobic nature committed through computer systems" requires participating States to criminalize the dissemination of racist and xenophobic material through computer systems, as well as of racist and xenophobic-motivated threats and insults.[1] Article 8, Section 1 of the protocol specifically covers the denial ofthe Holocaust and other genocides recognised as such by other international courts set up since 1945 by relevant international legal instruments. TheCouncil of EuropeExplanatory Report of the protocol states "European Court of Human Rights has made it clear that the denial or revision of "clearly established historical facts – such as the Holocaust – [...] would be removed from the protection of Article 10 by Article 17" of theECHR (see in this context the Lehideux and Isorni judgment of 23 September 1998)".[2]
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