| Left-Bank uprising | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part ofThe Ruin | |||||||||
| |||||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||||
.svg) Tsardom of Russia Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth[a] |  Bryukhovetsky's Cossacks | Doroshenko's Cossacks Sirko's Cossacks (Until mid 1669) | Sukhoviy's Cossacks  [b] Crimean Khanate(Also supported Doroshenko) | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||||
| Grigory Romodanovsky Fyodor Repka † Andrei Romodanovsky (POW)John III Sobieski | Ivan Bryukhovetsky  Ivan Samoilovych Demian Mnohohrishny | Petro DoroshenkoIvan Sirko (Until mid-1669) | Petro Sukhoviy Krim Giray Murza Batyrcha (WIA) | ||||||
TheLeft-Bank uprising orBryukhovetsky uprising was an uprising of Cossacks dissatisfied with theAndrusov truce against the Russian government. A series of military failures of the Crimean–Cossack army led to the entry of theLeft-bank Ukraine into theRussian Tsardom, on the rights of autonomy
A number of external and internal reasons led to the uprising. In 1665, Hetman Ivan Bryukhovetskysigned an agreement with Moscow, according to which the number of Russian troops on the territory of Ukraine was increased, and also the local population had to pay taxes to the Russian treasury. TheAndrusovo truce caused discontent, concluded betweenRussian Tsardom and thePolish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, which cemented the split of Ukraine along theDnieper.
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In early January 1668,Bryukhovetsky with general officers and colonels of various ranks, decided to free themselves from the Russian power by swearing allegiance to theTurkish Sultan. They soon rebelled, killed or handed over Russian civil servants to the Tatars as prisoners, marking the beginning of the struggle.[2]
In January,Samoilovich's Cossacksbesieged Chernihiv, where there was a small garrison. As a result of the assaults, the Cossacks were able to take part of the city, but not the citadel. In mid-September,Grigory Romodanovsky's field army defeated Samoilovich and unblocked the garrison.[3] As soon as news of the rebellion reached Tsar Alexei, he sent an army under the command of Romadanovsky to Ukraine. Most of theZaporozhian Cossacks were then in Kotelva. Romodanovsky laid siege to this settlement but was not able to capture it, the siege was eventually lifted by the forces of Doroshenko. Evidence suggests thatIvan Sirko could’ve been among instigators of the uprising, planning it during late 1667.[4] Sirko launched a number of revolts duringhis campaign inSloboda andDnieper Ukraine, however, he was unable to transfer the uprising to the political centers.
Petro Sukhovy rose to power in the right bank, supported by Krim-Giray, getting into conflict withPetro Doroshenko, who was supported byIvan Sirko. Sukhovy and Doroshenko ultimatelyclashed atChyhyryn from December 1668 to January 1669, ending with Doroshenko's victory after his ally Sirko defeated Sukhovy and his Tatar allies at the town of Olkhovets.
After the murder ofBryukhovetsky,Petro Doroshenko declared himself hetman and led a united Cossack–Tatar army against Romadanovsky. The Russians did not want to give a field battle right away, so they began to retreat hastily, almost completely leaving Ukraine. The Tatars and Cossacks overtook Romodanovsky's army at Akhtyrka and forced a three-day battle on it, their attacks were repulsed and the Russians continued to retreat according to plan, with only a couple of cities remaining under their control, but of paramount importance.[5] Doroshenko, being euphoric from his successes, decided to move the war to the territory of Russia, he attacked the city of Sevsk, but to his surprise, a new army of Prince Grigory Kurakin was waiting for him there, which completely defeated the Cossacks and the Crimeans in a two-day battle on July 3–5, which led to a rift in their camp, suffering significant losses, Doroshenko returned to the right bank, leaving behind only a small force.[6][7] Romodanovsky and Kurakin staged a new campaign, unblocking the besieged Moscow garrisons, the most important siege was Nezhin, where the besieged garrison was located for almost the whole year, which lost 150 people as a result of the siege. The Ukrainian historian Zhelezko R. A. believes that the losses of the Cossacks amounted to 2,500, but Russian researchers Vladimir Velikanov and Yakov Lazarev consider this to be overestimated.[8] iIn general, by the end of the autumn of 1668, the uprising was practically suppressed.[9]
The uprising was completely defeated from a military point of view.[10][page needed][11][12]Bryukhovetsky was killed andDoroshenko failed to seizeLeft-bank Ukraine. Politically,Tsar Alexis had to make concessions toHetman Mnohohrishny andOtaman Sirko, revising some provisions ofprevious laws, granting a higher degree of autonomy forLeft-bank Hetmanate andZaporozhian Sich as part ofHlukhiv articles [ru].[13] The Cossacks were not satisfied with the content of these articles, which provoked unarmed resistance from the Ukrainian authorities, which was soon broken.[14] Moscow still held the left bank with an iron grip because it could keep its garrisons in key cities, for example, in 1672, Hetman Mnohohrishny was overthrown in theBaturyn coup [ru] and replaced with a more compliantSamoylovych. The publication of Hlukhiv articles did not solve the Cossacks' task of increasing autonomy, they were still on a "short leash" from Moscow.[15] The main task for which the uprising was launched was the complete withdrawal of the Muscovites from the territory of Ukraine,[16] but this failed,Romodanovsky strongly rejected this request, agreeing to other ways of granting autonomy that did not prevent the Russians from controlling the region.[17] Availability Russian garrisons in the most important cities of Ukraine, as well as theBelgorod razryad. stationed nearby, completely controlled the region. In order for Samoilovich to be elected exactly as the Moscow government wanted, 20,000 Russian troops gathered in 1672 during the Election Council, and as a result, Samoilovich was unanimously elected.[18] Trying to justify his rights to Ukraine, Romodanovsky, in negotiations with the Cossacks, stated:[17]
Bohdan Khmelnytsky became the subject of the Great Sovereign and served him faithfully to his death. But what happened after him? You had hetmans Ivashka Vyhovsky, Iuraska Khmelnytsky, Ivashka Briukhovetskyi - and they all compiled treaty articles, signed them in their own hands, and pledged their souls upon them... and then betrayed them.
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