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Leeward Islands Station

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Leeward Islands Station
English Harbour and Falmouth Harbour, Antigua
Active	1743–1821
Country	United Kingdom
Branch	Royal Navy
Type	Formation
Part of	Royal Navy
Garrison/HQ	Nelson's Dockyard

Military unit

TheLeeward Islands Station^[1] originally known as theCommander-in-Chief at Barbadoes and the Leeward Islands^[2] was aformation orcommand of theKingdom of Great Britain and then theUnited Kingdom'sRoyal Navy stationed atEnglish Harbour,^[3]Antigua,Leeward Islands. It existed from 1743^[4] to 1821.

History

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During the 18th and 19th centuries, Antigua served as the headquarters of first theCommander in Chief Barbadoes and Leeward Islands then later theCommander in Chief, Leeward Islands which was the British navy's important base in the EasternCaribbean area during theNapoleonic Wars. The three most strategically important bases were Antigua, Barbados and St. Lucia.^[3] The Station was formed in October 1743^[5] as a command separate from the olderJamaica Station^[5]^[6] to protect Britain's sugar producing islands and its convoys. During theSeven Years' War, a number of large-scale naval actions were conducted by theRoyal Navy from this Caribbean base, one of its major engagements was theBattle of the Saintes. The station was in existence from 1743 to 1821 when it was abolished. The last commander-in-chief was reappointed as the Commander-in-Chief for theNorth America station.^[7]

Commander-in-Chief, Barbadoes and Leeward Islands

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Included:^[7]^[2]
N = died in post

CommodoreCharles Knowles (1743–1744)^[8] (alsoSecond-in-Command, Jamaica Station)
Rear-AdmiralPeter Warren (1744–1745)
CommodoreFitzroy Henry Lee (1745–1746)
Vice-AdmiralIsaac Townsend (1744–1746)^[9]
CommodoreEdward Legge (1746–1747)N
CaptainGeorge Pocock (1747–1748)
Rear-AdmiralHenry Osborn (1748)
CommodoreFrancis Holburne (1748–1752)
Rear-AdmiralThomas Pye (1752–1755)^[10]
CommodoreSir Thomas Frankland (1754)^[11]
CommodoreCharles Steevens (1755)
CommodoreSir Thomas Frankland (1756–1757)
CommodoreJohn Moore (1757–1760)
CommodoreSir James Douglas (1760–1761)^[12]
AdmiralSir George Brydges Rodney (1761–1763)^[13]
Rear-AdmiralSir William Burnaby (1763)^[14]
Rear-AdmiralRichard Tyrell (1763)
Rear-AdmiralRobert Swanton (1763–1764)^[15]
Rear-AdmiralRichard Tyrell (1765–1766)N
Vice-AdmiralThomas Pye (1766–1769)
Rear-AdmiralRobert Man (1769–1772)

Commander-in-Chief, Leeward Islands

[edit]

N = died in post

Vice-AdmiralWilliam Parry (1772–1775)
Vice-AdmiralJames Young (1775–1778)
Rear-AdmiralSamuel Barrington (1778–1779)
Vice-AdmiralJohn Byron (1779)
Rear-AdmiralSir Hyde Parker (1779–1780)
AdmiralSir George Brydges Rodney (1780–1781)
Rear-AdmiralSir Samuel Hood (1781–1782)
AdmiralSir George Brydges Rodney (1782)
AdmiralHugh Pigot (1782–1783)
Rear AdmiralSir Richard Hughes (1783–1786)
CommodoreSir Richard Bickerton (1786–1787)
CommodoreSir William Parker (1787–1789)
Rear-AdmiralSir John Laforey (1789–1793)
Rear-AdmiralAlan Gardner (1793)
Vice-AdmiralSir John Jervis (1793–1794)
Vice-AdmiralBenjamin Caldwell (1794–1795)
AdmiralSir John Laforey (1795–96)
Rear-AdmiralSir Hugh Cloberry Christian (1796)
Rear-AdmiralHenry Harvey (1796–1799)
Vice-AdmiralLord Hugh Seymour (1799–1800)
Rear-AdmiralSir John Duckworth (1800–1801)
Rear-AdmiralThomas Totty (1801–1802)N
CommodoreSamuel Hood (1802)
CommodoreRobert Stopford (1802–1805)
Rear-AdmiralSir Alexander Cochrane (1805–1811)
Rear-AdmiralSir Francis Laforey (1811–1814)
Rear-AdmiralSir Philip Charles Durham (1814–1816)
Rear-AdmiralJohn Harvey (1816–1818)
Rear-AdmiralDonald Campbell (1818–1819)
CommodoreThomas Huskisson (1819–1820)
Rear-AdmiralWilliam Charles Fahie (1820–1821)

Citations

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^Ward (2011a), pp. 1–2.
^^a ^bHarrison, Simon."Commander-in-Chief at Barbados & the Leeward Islands".threedecks.org. S. Harrison. Retrieved1 October 2018.
^^a ^bWard (2011b), p. 1.
^Sanderson (1968), p. 5, 18.
^^a ^bSanderson (1968), p. 5.
^Sanderson (1968), p. 18.
^^a ^bHaydn (1851), p. 279.
^Laurens (1970), p. 210.
^Schomberg (1802), p. 232.
^Winfield (2008), p. 144.
^Schomberg (1802), p. 235.
^Heslip (2010).
^Billias (1972), p. 8.
^Schomberg (1802), p. 238.
^Little (1974).

References

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Billias, George Athan (1972).The Life and Correspondence of the Late Admiral Lord Rodney. Boston: Gregg Press.ISBN 9780839812715.
Haydn, Joseph (1851).The Book of Dignities: Containing Lists of the Official Personages of the British Empire, the Earliest Periods to the Present Time. London: Longmans, Brown, Green, and Longmans.
Heslip, Philip (April 2010)."James Douglas papers (1738-1850, bulk 1738-1787)".Clements Library. University of Michigan. Retrieved17 November 2016.
Laurens, Henry (1970).The Papers of Henry Laurens originally published November 1, 1755–December 31, 1758 (1st ed.). Columbia, South Carolina: University of South Carolina Press.ISBN 9780872491410.
Little, C. H. (1974)."Swanton, Robert". In Halpenny, Francess G. (ed.).Dictionary of Canadian Biography. Vol. III (1741–1770) (online ed.).University of Toronto Press.
Miller, Nathan (2000).The Age of Fighting Sail, 1775–1815. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Richmond, Herbert William (1920).The Navy in the War of 1739–48. Vol. 1. Cambridge: The University Press.
Rodger, N. A. M. (2004).The Command of the Ocean: A Naval History of Britain, 1649–1815. New York and London: W. W. Norton and Company.
Sanderson, Michael William Bristowe (November 1968).English Naval Strategy and Maritime Trade in the Caribbean, 1793–1802(PDF) (PhD). King's College London.
Schomberg, Isaac (1802).Naval Chronology. Vol. 5. London: T. Egerton.
Ward, Geoff (2011a).A Shift in Focus: The Shift in Naval Warfare in the Caribbean During the Eighteenth Century. St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago: The University of the West Indies.
Ward, Geoff (2011b).Nowhere is Perfect: British Naval Centres on the Leeward Islands Station during the Eighteenth Century(PDF). St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago: University of the West Indies.
Winfield, Rif (2008).British Warships in the Age of Sail 1793–1817. Barnsley, South Yorkshire: Seaforth.ISBN 978-1844157006.

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