The lake, narrows to form theRiver Adda, so bridges were built to improve road communications withComo and Milan. There are four bridges crossing the river Adda in Lecco: theAzzone Visconti Bridge (1336–1338), the Kennedy Bridge (1956), theAlessandro Manzoni Bridge (1985), and a railroad bridge.
Lecco obtained the title of city on 22 June 1848, and was elevated to province by decree of the President of the Republic of 6 March 1992.
Known for being the place where the writer Alessandro Manzoni setThe Betrothed, the city is located in one of the vortices of theLarian Triangle. It overlooks the eastern branch of Lake Como and is included in the Orobic Prealps, between the Grigne mountain chain and the Resegone.
As strategic crossroads for Valtellina, Lecco assumed increasing importance during the Middle Ages when it was annexed to the Duchy of Milan following thePeace of Constance. During the second half of the 19th century, under the Austrian dominion, the city went through a particularly flourishing period during which palaces and arcades in neoclassical style were constructed. After the unification of Italy, Lecco established itself as one of the most important industrial centers of the nation thanks to the development of the steel industries, already active in the 12th century. For this reason, Lecco is also called "the Iron city".
Lecco has a population of 46,831 inhabitants, as of 2021.[7]
The origin of the toponym Lecco is not certain: it probably has a Celtic origin (Lech or Loch) words that mean lake. Shortly before the year 1000 B.C., some populations ofGauls andCelts migrated to the territory of Lecco for trade. "Leucos" was the name given by the Gauls who inhabited these areas until Romans transformed the denomination into Leucum under Julius Caesar’s domination around 200 B.C.; so the hypothesis put forward by historians who have identified in Lecco the Roman city founded in 95 b.C. by Licinius Crassus in the Larian area with the name of Leucera was excluded.[8][9]
In 1988, excavations of the Civic Museums of Lecco led to the discovery of a village of the Culture of Golasecca (first Iron Age) at the Rocca di Chiuso. The settlement of the Golasecchiani Celts in the area precedes the arrival of the Celts by more than 4 centuries.
In 2005, other excavations of the Civic Museums of Lecco and the University of Bergamo unearthed the oldest metallurgical production site in the entire Alpine arc (2nd century B.C. – 1st century B.C.) at piani d'Erna.
As the nodal point of several streets that put Lombardy in communication with the territories of Oltralpe, the region becomes the scene of clashes and decisive battles. The fortified system of Lecco (Castrum Leuci) became the seat, with the Carolingian, of an important Committee entrusted to the Attonid family.[10] In 960, Lecco was submitted to the lordship of the Archbishop of Milan.
Throughout the Middle Ages and the Modern Age, the name of Lecco did not indicate an inhabited center but included the whole area between the lake and Valsassina. Lecco was a polycentric settlement, in which the various districts were closely interdependent, each with functional and economic specialization.
In 1117, a ten-year war broke out pitting many villages of the lakes of Como and Lugano against Milan, of which Lecco was an ally. The inhabitants of Lecco took part in the battle and in March 1125, Como had to capitulate and the victors set it on fire.
Later, Lecco became involved in the struggles between the powerful Milanese familiesVisconti and Torriani (the owners of the Valsassina territories). In 1296, the struggles led Matthew I Visconti to destroy the village giving orders that it would never rise again. Despite the destruction, Lecco was rebuilt and reconquered by Azzone Visconti. Throughout the period the community of Lecco, which included the entire current municipal territory, evolved as a free municipality with its statutes and, until 1757, was de facto a small autonomous state (with its own civil and criminal law), but inserted in the largest Duchy of Milan.
With the fall of the Duchy of Milan, Lecco passed to Spanish dominium and, underCharles V, was transformed into a military stronghold.[11] In this period, it suffered, as all Milanese territory, from plagues and famines, whichManzoni admirably described inThe Betrothed. In 1714, Lombardy passed to the control ofHabsburgs of Austria.
In 1784,Joseph II of Austria visited the city and decided to destroy the walls.[12] With the descent of Napoleon and the birth of theCisalpine Republic in 1797, the Riviera di Lecco is part of the ephemeral Mountain Department. In 1799,Russian andFrench troopsfought here during theWar of the Second Coalition. In 1814, after the final defeat ofNapoleon, the Austrian army regained possession of the region and permanently brought Lecco back to the province of Como in 1816[13] (from which it will become independent only in 1995) and definitively divides the city into many small municipalities that will be re-established in 1923, during theFascist 20th anniversary.
In the period of the Kingdom of Lombardy-Veneto, Lecco experienced positive effects: numerous interventions of modernization and development of the territory, such as the introduction of an efficient bureaucracy, the increase of the cadastre and industrial development that led to widespread well-being.[citation needed]
In the 19th century, Lecco became one of the beating hearts of Italian culture: theScapigliati, a famous group of Milanese writers made Maggianico one of their favorite meeting places. The cultural ferment of the period was also associated with political ferment, and Lecco and its inhabitants played a very important role in the Lombard Risorgimento.
When the Milanese insurrection against Austria started in March 1848, a priest, Don Antonio Mascari, incited rebellion from the pulpit, but the insurrection that took place on the night between 18th and March 19 was unsuccessful. By decree of 22 June 1848, the provisional government of Lombardy (the Austrian government had lapsed following the Five Days of Milan insurrection) promoted Lecco to the rank of City, thanks to the contribution that the city was making to the Cause of Risorgimento. However, Lecco was again downgraded to Borgo in 1859.
In 1923, the municipal territory, which has now become insufficient to contain urban expansion, was greatly expanded with the aggregation of the neighboring municipalities ofAcquate,Castello Sopra Lecco, Germanedo,Laorca, Rancio di Lecco and San Giovanni alla Castagna, as well as part of the municipal territory of Maggianico; in 1928, the remaining part of Maggianico was also aggregated.[citation needed]
Lecco is the northernmost city (urban area) in Italy with ahumid subtropical climate (Cfa defined byKöppen), only slightly softer thanMilan.[14][15] Despite being in a parallel dominated by ahumid continental climate (Dfb), the territory is well sheltered from themountain ranges, and from the climatic point of view, enjoys the beneficial influences of the lake's waters and the breath of the Tivano that blows from theValtellina from the northeast all year round in the early hours of the morning. Its absence indicates bad weather. Breva is another wind that runs towards the lake, from the south to the north and indicator of good weather.[16]
«That branch of the Lake of Como, which turns toward the south between two unbroken chains of mountains, presenting to the eye a succession of bays and gulfs, formed by their jutting and retiring ridges, suddenly contracts itself between a headland to the right and an extended sloping bank on the left, and assumes the flow and appearance of a river.»[19]
The municipal territory covers an area of about 45.93 km2 (17.73 sq mi). It is located in a wide valley bordered by the Prealps to the east and Lake Lario to the west, at the point where Lake Lario ends and the Adda river resumes its course and then re-expands into LakeGarlate. The territory is crossed by three main streams: the Gerenzone, the Calderone and the Bione. The mountains that surround the natural, wide valley are: to the northMonte Coltignone andSan Martino, to the eastmount Due Mani, Pizzo d'Erna andResegone, to the south theMagnodeno, to the west, on the right bank of the Adda River, is MountBarro. On the Adda river, near the Azzone Visconti bridge, there is the small Viscontea Island.
The territory has a very variable altitude distribution: it ranges from 198 metres (650 ft) above sea level in the lake area to the maximum altitude of 1,875 metres (6,152 ft) above the sea level of Mount Resegone and this condition offers the city three different areas characterized by different morphologic and climatic characteristics.
The hydrography consists mainly of the stretch of the Adda river leaving the eastern branch of Lake Como and a series of streams, with their tributaries, which originate in the mountain range.
Lecco is delimited, to the north rises the massif of Monte Coltignone, mainly of limestone and dolomia ofEsino, directly overlooking the lower peaks, such as Monte San Martino (Lecco), Monte Melma, and Monte Albano. To the east, the Resegone group, which, with its 1875 meters above the level of the sea, dominates the city characterizing the Lombard landscape up toMilan. Resegone is so named because of its multiple rocky teeth that, seen from the town, make it resemble a saw of gigantic size;Monte Serada dominates imposingly with its offshoots, which are the Piani d'Erna and the Pian Serada. To the southeast, beyond Maggianico, the greatest elevation is represented by the Magnodeno. To the west, there are the hills of north-easternBrianza, among which stands out Mount Barro in which a regional park was established to protect local flora and fauna.
The traditional women's dress in Lecco was linked to the image ofLucia ofThe Betrothed and is characterized by the ray of silver pins, called "guazze", which crown the head.
The traditional women's headgear was characterized by the beautiful ray of silver pins, called "guazze", which crown the head. In this picture, Lucia Mondella fromThe Betrothed (Manzoni) wears it.
Manzoni procession
Although discontinuously organized, the tradition of the parade of floats inspired by the episodes of the novel is well-rooted in the territory.
The first edition took place in 1923, on the fiftieth anniversary of Manzoni's death. The procession was re-proposed in 1933, 1955, 1965, 2004, and October 2005, during the celebrations of the Festa di Lecco with 11 stage performances curated by 150 actors of the Teatro tascabile in Bergamo, along the old town center.
Carnevalone of Lecco
In February, since 1884 (edition n° 136 in 2020), on the occasion of the "Carnevalone di Lecco", there is the usual coronation of King Resegone and Regina Grigna, where the Mayor hands them the keys to the city to initiate the carnival folklore, that reaches its peak, according to the Ambrosian rite the city follows, with the Fat Saturday day and the traditional procession of floats.[20]
ResegUp
It is a trail running that usually takes place on the first Saturday of June. Established in 2010, it aims to retrace the ancient paths that lead from the historic center to the summit of Resegone, erased over the years due to the urbanization of the city.[21]
Batej Regatta
It is the traditional regatta that takes place on the banks of the Adda river in July (variable date), on the occasion of the Palio delle contrade in Pescarenico. The boats are eight, each of them in different colors to represent the districts. The regatta is preceded by the regatta of the "Lucie", the boats typical of the lake, and different representations of historical uses and customs typical of the area.
Born in the district of Acquate during the event of the Scigalott d'Or (the name derives from the Lecco dialects Cicala d'oro), the race was held during the odd years on an obstacle course of 4 km (2.5 mi) in a mixed asphalt and dirt road. The event is in remembrance of 6 June 1859, when the inhabitants of the district went to Lecco to cheer General Giuseppe Garibaldi, accompanying him during the march with songs similar to the cicadas.
Manzoni's places are the places, or what remains of them, that served as an inspiration to the writer and mentioned in the novelThe Betrothed. A historical-literary-tourist itinerary, among the few old parts of the city spared from the urban expansion linked to industrial development, was created. Some places are historical, such as the monastery of Fra Cristoforo in Pescarenico or the Azzone Visconti bridge, others are indicated by tradition, such as the alleged house of Lucia Mondella in the district of Olate, the tabernacle of the Bravi, the Palazzotto of Don Rodrigo, the house of the tailor in Chiuso, the Innominato's stronghold and Villa Manzoni in the Caleotto district (today the Manzonian Civic Museum), and the residence of Manzoni's family in which he lived his childhood, adolescence, and early youth as he wrote in the introduction of the novelFermo and Lucia.
Situated in the district of Pescarenico, this church is now dedicated to Saints Lucia and Materno. InThe Betrothed, Manzoni cites this place as the conventual seat of Fra Cristoforo.
The alleged house of Lucia is located in Via Caldone 19 in the district of Olate (which at the time was separated from Lecco); designated by various scholars of manzonian topography as the village of the spouses, it is a typical example of the spontaneous architecture of Lecco. Through a portal decorated with a sixteenth-century Annunciation, you pass in the rustic courtyard, overlooked by an old tower, although it is not open to visitors as the house appears to be a private residence. The popular tradition points out another house of Lucia in Via Resegone, in the hamlet of Acquate, where there is an old inn, from whose courtyard you can clearly see the hill of Don Rodrigo's Palace.
It is a small chapel located on the side of the pedestrian Via Tonio and Gervaso, described by the literary tradition of Manzoni as the place of the famous stakeout of Don Abbondio by the Bravi to tell him the message of their lord Don Rodrigo.
The paternal residence of Alessandro Manzoni has a neoclassical style and it is located in the Caleotto district; it houses the Civic Museum of Manzoni and the Municipal Art Gallery. The building is considered the symbol of the link between Manzoni and the city of Lecco. The incipit of the novel comes from the meticulous visual memories of the landscape that the writer saw from this villa.
Bus services in Lecco were provided mainly by Servizi Automobilistici Lecchesi, until 2017, when the company merged into SAB Bergamo, creatingArriva Italia. Bus services toComo are provided byASF Autolinee, whileFlixbus caters for longer distance bus relations.
The urban bus services in Lecco, managed by Linee Lecco, are the following:
The municipality has two railway stations:Lecco, which is the town's main station; andLecco Maggianico, which is the second main railway station, also housing a freight terminal in its premises. For both stations, the main operator isTrenord.
Whilst in the past there was a much more frequent navigation service aroundLake Como departing from Lecco, in the recent year the town's pier was mainly used for seasonal services, pleasure boat rides and charter services.
Between 1927 and 1953, Lecco had its own urban tramway network, which was connected to the Como-Erba-Lecco interurban tramway, which operated between 1928 and 1955.
The town'sfootball team,Calcio Lecco 1912, was promoted toSerie B in 2023. Their traditional rivalry with theteam of the city of Como is marked by the so-called "Derby del Lario", often surrounded by violence between fans, created by the local ultras group Cani Sciolti.
The main sports facility of the city is the Rigamonti-Ceppi Stadium, where the football team trains and plays. It was built in 1922, in honor of the football playerMario Rigamonti and the ex-president of the team Mario Ceppi. It can contain almost 5000 people.
Lecco has been on multiple occasions the finish place of theGiro di Lombardia cycling classic.
Alessandro Manzoni set the events in the first half ofThe Betrothed in Lecco, a town he knew deeply since he had spent part of his childhood there.
We voyaged by steamer down the Lago di Lecco, through wild mountain scenery, and by hamlets and villas, and disembarked at the town of Lecco. They said it was two hours, by carriage to the ancient city of Bergamo, and that we would arrive there in good season for the railway train. We got an open barouche and a wild, boisterous driver, and set out. It was delightful. We had a fast team and a perfectly smooth road. There were towering cliffs on our left, and the pretty Lago di Lecco on our right, and every now and then it rained on us.
