Clockwise from top: Church of Santa Croce; Roman Amphitheatre; Lecce Cathedral ("Cattedrale di Santa Maria Assunta"); the cathedral's bell tower; and Porta Rudiae
Because of its richBaroque architecture, Lecce is nicknamed "TheFlorence of the South".[7] "Lecce stone"—a particular kind oflimestone—is one of main exports of the city.[8] It is very soft and workable, thus suitable for sculptures. As well as being an industrial centre specializing inceramics, Lecce also is an importantagricultural centre, chiefly for itsolive oil andwine production.
According to legends about Lecce, a city calledSybar founded by theMessapii at the time of theTrojan War was conquered by theRomans in the third century BC, receiving the new name ofLupiae.[10] Under the Roman emperorHadrian (second century AD) Lupiae was renamed as Licea or Litium and moved 3 kilometres (2 miles) to the northeast. The ancient city had a theater and an amphitheater and was connected to the Hadrian Port (the current San Cataldo).
Orontius of Lecce, locally called Sant'Oronzo, is considered to have served as the city's first Christian bishop and he is the patron saint of Lecce.[11]
After theNorman conquest in the eleventh century, Lecce regained commercial and political importance. CountTancred of Lecce was the last Norman king of Sicily. Lecce flourished in the subsequentHohenstaufen andAngevine rule. When it was annexed directly to the crown, from 1053 to 1463,Lecce was one of the largest and most important fiefs in theKingdom of Sicily.
From the fifteenth century, Lecce was one of the most important cities of southern Italy and, starting in 1630, it was enriched with precious Baroque monuments. To avert invasion by the Ottomans, during the first part of the sixteenth century a new line of walls and a castle were built byCharles V (who also was theHoly Roman Emperor).
In 1656, aplague broke out in the city, killing a thousand inhabitants.
Church of the Holy Cross: construction of theChiesa di Santa Croce) was begun in 1353, but work halted until 1549. It was not completed until 1695. The church has a richly decorated façade with animals, grotesque figures and vegetables, and a large rose window. Next to the church is the Government Palace, a former convent.
Lecce Cathedral: the church was originally built in 1144, rebuilt in 1230, then totally restored in the 1659–70 byGiuseppe Zimbalo, who also built the five-story 70-metre (230 ft) high bell tower, with an octagonalloggia.
San Niccolò and Cataldo: the church is an example of Italo-Norman architecture. It was founded byTancred of Sicily in 1180. In 1716, the façade was rebuilt, with the addition of numerous statues, but maintaining the originalRomanesque portal. The walls were frescoed during the fifteenth-seventeenth centuries.
Celestine Convent: built (1549–1695) inBaroque-style byGiuseppe Zimbalo. The courtyard was designed by Gabriele Riccardi.
Santa Irene: this church was commissioned in 1591 by theTheatines and dedicated toSaint Irene. The architect wasFrancesco Grimaldi). It has a large façade displaying different styles in the upper and lower parts. Above the portal stands a statue ofSte Irene (1717) by Mauro Manieri. The interior is on the Latin cross plan and is rather sober. The main altarpiece is a copy of theSt.Michael the Archangel byGuido Reni. The high altar has aTransport of the Holy Ark by Oronzo Tiso. In the right transept is one of the largest altars in Lecce, dedicated toSaint Cajetan (1651). Nearby is theRococo altar of SaintAndrew Avellino. Also from the mid-17th century is theAltar of St. Orontius byFrancesco Antonio Zimbalo, followed by the altar of Saint Irene with a canvas by Giuseppe Verrio (1639), nine busts of saints housing relics, and a large statue of the saint. The altar ofSaint Stephen has theStoning of St. Stephen by Verrio.[13]
San Matteo: this church was built in 1667. It has a typical central Italy Baroque style. It has two columns on the façade, only one of which is decorated, although only partially. According to a local legend, the jealous devil killed the sculptor before he could finish the work.
Santa Maria degli Angeli
Santa Chiara: this church was built in 1429–1438, rebuilt in 1687.
San Francesco della Scarpa: known as the "church without façade" as its façade was demolished during nineteenth century restorations. The most ancient section likely dates to the thirteenth-fourteenth centuries; the interior is designed on the Greek Cross plan. Notable are several Baroque altars and a large statue ofSaint Joseph.
Column of statue of St. Oronzo: (Lecce's patron) was given to Lecce by the city ofBrindisi, because Saint Oronzo was reputed to have cured the plague in Brindisi. The column was one of a pair that marked the end of theAppian Way, the main road betweenRome and southern Italy.
Torre del Parco ("Park Tower"): is one of the medieval symbols of Lecce. It was erected in 1419 by the then 18-year-oldGiovanni Antonio Del Balzo Orsini, prince of Lecce. The tower, standing at more than 23 metres (75 ft), is surrounded by a pit in which bears (the heraldic symbol of the Orsini del Balzo) were reared. The whole complex was the seat of Orsini's tribunal and of a mint, and after Giovanni Antonio's death, it became a residence for the Spanish viceroys.
Palazzo Sedile: was built in 1592 and was used by the local council until 1852.
Castle of Charles V: built in 1539–49 by Gian Giacomo dell'Acaja. It has a trapezoidal plan with angular bastions. It is attached to the Politeama Greco Opera House, inaugurated on 15 November 1884.
Triumphal Arch (Arco di Trionfo, commonly calledPorta Napoli, "Neapolitan Gate"), which is one of the three gates to enter Lecce's historical city centre, erected in 1548 in honor of Charles V. It replaced an older gate,Porta S. Giusto, which, according to tradition, lay over the tomb of the namesake saint. Also built over pre-existing medieval gates are the currentPorta San Biagio ("St. Blaise Gate") and thePorta Rudiae that are the other two gates to Lecce's Historical city centre. Both are in Baroque style, the latter having the statue of St. Oronzo on the top and mythological figures on the sides.
Palazzo dei Celestini: now seat of the Province of Lecce. It was built in 1659–95 and designed byGiuseppe Zimbalo.
The Roman second centuryamphitheatre, situated near Sant'Oronzo Square, was able to seat more than 25,000 people. It is now half-buried because over the following centuries other monuments were built above it. The theatre is currently used for various religious and arts events.
The archaeological museumSigismondo Castromediano
The archaeological museumFaggiano
The archaeological park ofRudiae, three kilometres to the south-west but within its city limits. The place was identified as the former home of the poetEnnius byAntonio de Ferraris, aRenaissance Humanist who was from the region.[14] This was once the more important city until Roman times and has an amphitheatre of its own, anecropolis, and remains of substantial walls. The Porta Rudiae, built on the road leading from this site, is named after it.
Lecce is served byLecce railway station. The local public transport includestrolleybus service, introduced in 2012.[19][20] Air transportation is provided atBrindisi Airport, the closest airport, which is located approximately 39 km (24 miles) away from Lecce.
Massimo Bray (born 1959), intellectual, academic publisher, politician, and former director of theItalian Encyclopaedia of Science, Letters, and Arts (Enciclopedia Treccani), who served in the government of Italy as Minister of Culture
^L'Italia dialettale (in Italian). Vol. 39. Arti Grafiche Pacini Mariotti. 1976. p. 250.Dialetti romanzi, in centri c he circondano, senza allontanarsene troppo, l'area ellenofona, cioè Melpignano (dove il dialetto griko non è ancor del tutto morto), Vernole, Lecce, S. Cesario di Lecce, Squinzano, San Pietro vernotico, Cellino S. Marco, Manduria, Francavilla Fontana, Maruggio: può essere perciò legittimo pensare ad un'origine grika del verbo in questione, con estensione successiva al dialetti romani. Il neogreco presenta una serie di voci che si prestano semanticamente e foneticamente
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