Politics of China
Leadership Leadership generations Succession of power Hu–Wen Administration (2002–2012) Xi–Li Administration (2012–2017) Xi's general secretaryship (since 2012) 4th Leadership Core:Xi Jinping 20th Party Politburo:Xi Jinping 14th State Council:Li Qiang Current state leaders Current provincial leaders Party and state leaders Orders of precedence Paramount leader:Xi Jinping First lady:Peng Liyuan Communist Party leader:Xi Jinping State representative:Xi Jinping Head of government:Li Qiang Congress Chairman:Zhao Leji Conference Chairman:Wang Huning Commander-in-chief:Xi Jinping Politburo Standing Committee longest-serving members Related systems Unified power Democratic centralism Collective leadership Organization Department Elections Civil service
Constitution Law Constitution Previous constitutions 1954 1975 1978 Governing principles "People's democratic dictatorship" (Article 1) Leading role of the party (Article 1) Unified power (Article 2) Democratic centralism (Article 3) Division of labour of state organs (Article 3) Constitutional oath of office (Article 27) Protection of human rights (Article 33) Freedom of religion (Article 36) Highest state organ of power (Article 57) Chinese legal system Civil law tradition Socialist law tradition Laws Legislation Law List of statutes General Principles of the Civil Law (to 2020) Civil Code (from 2021) Marriage Law Labour law Labour Law Labour Contract Law Property law Property Law Intellectual property law Patent law Administrative law Administrative Procedure Law Criminal law Capital punishment Capital offences Death sentence with reprieve
Communist Party History Principal leaders Constitution andideology Admission Oath (Article 6) Socialism with Chinese characteristics Communism Marxism–Leninism Mao Zedong Thought Deng Xiaoping Theory Primary stage of socialism Four Cardinal Principles Three Represents Scientific Outlook on Development Harmonious Socialist Society Xi Jinping Thought Chinese Dream Democracy Whole-process people's democracy Organization National Party Congress (20th) Central Committee (20th) General Secretary (list) Xi Jinping Central Politburo (20th) Standing Committee (20th) Central Secretariat (20th) First-ranked secretary:Cai Qi Central Military Commission Chairman:Xi Jinping Vice Chairmen: Zhang Youxia National Security Commission Chairman:Xi Jinping Vice-Chairman: Li Qiang,Zhao Leji,Cai Qi Office Chief:Cai Qi Comprehensively Deepening Reforms Commission Director:Xi Jinping Deputy Directors: Li Qiang,Wang Huning,Cai Qi Secretary-General:Wang Huning Financial & Economic Affairs Commission Director:Xi Jinping Deputy Director:Li Qiang Office Chief:He Lifeng General Office Director:Cai Qi Office of the General Secretary Director:Han Shiming Central Guard Bureau Central Guard Unit Office of the Central Secrecy Commission Organization Department Head:Shi Taifeng Central Commission for Discipline Inspection (20th) Standing Committee (20th) Secretary:Li Xi Commission for Discipline Inspection of the Central Military Commission Secretary:Zhang Shengmin Central Leading Group for Inspection Work Leader:Li Xi Provincial committee Standing committee Secretary Deputy secretaries Party group
National People's Congress (14th) Elections Democracy System of people's congress Standing Committee (14th) Council of Chairpersons Chairman:Zhao Leji Vice-Chairpersons Top-ranked:Li Hongzhong Secretary-General:Liu Qi Special Committees Ethnic Affairs Constitution and Law Supervisory and Judicial Affairs Financial and Economic Affairs Education, Science, Culture and Public Health Foreign Affairs Overseas Chinese Affairs Environmental Protection and Resources Conservation Agriculture and Rural Affairs Social Development Affairs Presidium State representative President (list):Xi Jinping Presidential Office Chief:Han Shiming Vice President:Han Zheng Executive organ State Council (Central People's Government) Li Qiang Cabinet Premier (list):Li Qiang Vice-Premiers (list) Ding Xuexiang He Lifeng Zhang Guoqing Liu Guozhong State Councilors Wang Xiaohong Wu Zhenglong Shen Yiqin Secretary-General:Wu Zhenglong Cabinet-level departments National Development & Reform Commission Central bank National Audit Office General Office Secretary-General Deputy Secretaries-General State-owned Assets Supervision & Administration Commission most Central Enterprises Military organ Central Military Commission (CMC) Chairman (supreme commander): Xi Jinping Vice Chairmen: Zhang Youxia Vacant Members: Liu Zhenli Zhang Shengmin Departments: General Office Director:Zhong Shaojun Joint Staff Dept. Chief:Liu Zhenli Political Work Dept. Director:Vacant Logistic Support Dept. Director:Zhang Lin Equipment Development Dept. Director:Xu Xueqiang Training and Administration Dept. Director:Wang Peng National Defense Mobilization Dept. Director:Liu Faqing Discipline Inspection Commission Secretary:Zhang Shengmin Politics and Legal Affairs Commission Science and Technology Commission Strategic Planning Office Reform & Organizational Structure Office Int'l Military Cooperation Office Audit Office Offices Administration Agency National armed forces: People's Liberation Army Theater commands People's Armed Police 1st Mobile Contingent 2nd Mobile Contingent China Coast Guard Militia State Council National Defense Mobilization Commission Chairman:Li Qiang Ministry of National Defense Minister:Dong Jun Ministry of Veterans Affairs State Administration for Sci., Tech. & Industry for National Defense Military history Armed conflicts Military modernization Military reform since 2015 CMC Leading Group for Military Reform Leader:Xi Jinping Supervisory organ National Supervisory Commission Director:Liu Jinguo Corruption in China Anti-corruption campaign since 2012 Independent Commission Against Corruption (Hong Kong) Commission Against Corruption (Macau) Judicial organs Supreme People's Court President:Zhang Jun People's Courts Judicial Police Supreme People's Procuratorate Procurator-General:Ying Yong People's Procuratorates Judicial Police Judiciary of Hong Kong Court of Final Appeal Department of Justice Prosecutions Division Law enforcement in Hong Kong Disciplined Services Security Bureau Hong Kong Police Force Judiciary of Macau Court of Final Appeal Public Prosecutions Office Secretariat for Security Macau Security Force Unitary Police Services [zh] Public Security Police Judiciary Police [zh]
United front System of multi-party cooperation and political consultation Political Consultative Conference National Committee (14th) Chairman:Wang Huning Vice-Chairpersons Top-ranked:Shi Taifeng Secretary-General:Wang Dongfeng Political parties: CCP (ruling) United Front Work Department Head:Li Ganjie Democratic parties RCCK CDL CNDCA CAPD CPWDP CZGP JS TDSL Historical parties: KMT CDSP YCP Federation of Industry and Commerce People's organizations
Law enforcement CCP Central Politics and Law Commission Secretary:Chen Wenqing Enforced disappearance Ministry of Public Security Minister:Wang Xiaohong Public Security Organs People's Police State Immigration Administration Local public security bureaus Ministry of State Security Minister:Chen Yixin State Security Organs People's Police Ministry of Justice Minister:He Rong Judicial Administrative Organs People's Police People's Armed Police 1st Mobile Contingent 2nd Mobile Contingent China Coast Guard Bureau of Prison Administration [zh] Office for Safeguarding National Security Urban Management(chengguan)
Propaganda Central Leading Group for Propaganda, Ideology and Culture Leader:Cai Qi Deputy Leaders:Li Shulei,Shen Yiqin Central Guidance Commission on Building Spiritual Civilization Director:Cai Qi Deputy Director:Li Shulei Publicity Department of the Chinese Communist Party Head:Li Shulei General Administration of Press and Publication China Film Administration State Council Information Office China Daily Ministry of Culture and Tourism National Radio and Television Administration China Media Group China Central Television China Global Television Network China National Radio China Radio International Xinhua News Agency Reference News China News Service People's Daily Global Times China Today Censorship in China Great Cannon Great Firewall Overseas censorship Radio jamming Media of China Internal media International communication centers Publishing industry in China Internet in China Internet censorship Central Cyberspace Affairs Commission Director:Cai Qi Cyberspace Administration of China Director:Zhuang Rongwen
Hong Kong Macau Central Leading Group on Hong Kong and Macau Affairs Leader:Ding Xuexiang HK & Macau Affairs Office Director:Xia Baolong Hong Kong Liaison Office Macau Liaison Office One country, two systems Special administrative regions Hong Kong Basic Law Chief Executive:John Lee Ka-chiu Hong Kong SAR Government Politics of Hong Kong Pro-Beijing camp Pro-democracy camp Independence movement Mainland & HK CEPA Macao Basic Law Chief Executive:Ho Iat-seng Macau SAR Government Politics of Macau Mainland & Macau CEPA
Cross-strait relations Cross-strait relations Chinese Civil War One China Political status of Taiwan Republic of China on Taiwan Taiwan Area "Taiwan Province", PRC Taiwan independence movement Anti-Secession Law Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement Cross-Strait Service Trade Agreement Chinese unification Central Leading Group for Taiwan Affairs Leader:Xi Jinping Deputy Leader:Wang Huning Taiwan Affairs Office Director:Song Tao Association for Relations Across the Taiwan Straits
Foreign relations Central Foreign Affairs Commission Director:Xi Jinping Deputy Director:Li Qiang Secretary-General:Wang Yi Ministry of Foreign Affairs Minister:Wang Yi Spokespersons Diplomatic missions Diplomatic missions of China /in China Foreign aid from China /to China International Development Cooperation Agency Ministry of Commerce Exim Bank of China China Development Bank Belt and Road Initiative Silk Road Fund Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank BRICS New Development Bank Ministry of National Defense International Military Cooperation Office NPC Foreign Affairs Committee CCP International Department State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs Overseas Chinese Affairs Office Chinese nationality law Chinese passports (Hong Kong;Macau) Visa requirements for Chinese citizens (Hong Kong,Macau) Visa policy of China (Hong Kong;Macau) National Immigration Administration Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence Panda diplomacy Beijing Consensus Community of Common Destiny China and the United Nations China and the World Trade Organization Shanghai Cooperation Organisation China–Africa relations China–Arab relations China–Caribbean relations China–European Union relations China–Latin America relations China–Pacific relations China–Russia relations China–United States relations
Related topics Administrative divisions Chinese information operations Ethnic minorities Family planning Hukou system Human rights in China Chinese intelligence activity abroad
China portal Other countries
v t e

Law enforcement in the People's Republic of China consists of an extensivepublic security system and a variety of enforcement procedures. Along with the courts andprocuratorates, the country's judicial and public security agencies include theMinistry of Public Security (MPS) and theMinistry of State Security (MSS), with their descending hierarchy of departments, bureaus (局, "Jú"), subbureaus (副局, "Fù jú"), and stations (所, "Suǒ").

Hong Kong andMacau have separate law enforcement agencies, different legal systems, and are classified as separate jurisdictions under theone country, two systems framework. However, theHong Kong Police Force (HKPF) andPublic Security Police Force often cooperate with the mainland MPS on cases involving cross border crime.

The national security system is made up of theMinistry of Public Security (MPS) and theMinistry of State Security (MSS), thePeople's Armed Police (PAP), thePeople's Liberation Army (PLA), and the state judicial, procuratorial, and penal systems. TheCentral Political and Legal Affairs Commission vets all law enforcement officers and legal officials for political reliability.^[1]

TheMinistry of Public Security (MPS) oversees all domestic police activity in China. The ministry is responsible for police operations and detention centers and has dedicated departments for internal political, economic, and communications security. TheMinistry of State Security (MSS) was established in 1983 to ensure "the security of the state through effective measures against enemy agents, spies, and counterrevolutionary activities designed to sabotage or overthrow China's socialist system."^{[citation needed]} TheMinistry of Justice maintains oversees the operation of prisons.^{[citation needed]}

This paragraph is an excerpt fromMinistry of Public Security (China).[edit]

Politics of China
Leadership Leadership generations Succession of power Hu–Wen Administration (2002–2012) Xi–Li Administration (2012–2017) Xi's general secretaryship (since 2012) 4th Leadership Core:Xi Jinping 20th Party Politburo:Xi Jinping 14th State Council:Li Qiang Current state leaders Current provincial leaders Party and state leaders Orders of precedence Paramount leader:Xi Jinping First lady:Peng Liyuan Communist Party leader:Xi Jinping State representative:Xi Jinping Head of government:Li Qiang Congress Chairman:Zhao Leji Conference Chairman:Wang Huning Commander-in-chief:Xi Jinping Politburo Standing Committee longest-serving members Related systems Unified power Democratic centralism Collective leadership Organization Department Elections Civil service
Constitution Law Constitution Previous constitutions 1954 1975 1978 Governing principles "People's democratic dictatorship" (Article 1) Leading role of the party (Article 1) Unified power (Article 2) Democratic centralism (Article 3) Division of labour of state organs (Article 3) Constitutional oath of office (Article 27) Protection of human rights (Article 33) Freedom of religion (Article 36) Highest state organ of power (Article 57) Chinese legal system Civil law tradition Socialist law tradition Laws Legislation Law List of statutes General Principles of the Civil Law (to 2020) Civil Code (from 2021) Marriage Law Labour law Labour Law Labour Contract Law Property law Property Law Intellectual property law Patent law Administrative law Administrative Procedure Law Criminal law Capital punishment Capital offences Death sentence with reprieve
Communist Party History Principal leaders Constitution andideology Admission Oath (Article 6) Socialism with Chinese characteristics Communism Marxism–Leninism Mao Zedong Thought Deng Xiaoping Theory Primary stage of socialism Four Cardinal Principles Three Represents Scientific Outlook on Development Harmonious Socialist Society Xi Jinping Thought Chinese Dream Democracy Whole-process people's democracy Organization National Party Congress (20th) Central Committee (20th) General Secretary (list) Xi Jinping Central Politburo (20th) Standing Committee (20th) Central Secretariat (20th) First-ranked secretary:Cai Qi Central Military Commission Chairman:Xi Jinping Vice Chairmen: Zhang Youxia National Security Commission Chairman:Xi Jinping Vice-Chairman: Li Qiang,Zhao Leji,Cai Qi Office Chief:Cai Qi Comprehensively Deepening Reforms Commission Director:Xi Jinping Deputy Directors: Li Qiang,Wang Huning,Cai Qi Secretary-General:Wang Huning Financial & Economic Affairs Commission Director:Xi Jinping Deputy Director:Li Qiang Office Chief:He Lifeng General Office Director:Cai Qi Office of the General Secretary Director:Han Shiming Central Guard Bureau Central Guard Unit Office of the Central Secrecy Commission Organization Department Head:Shi Taifeng Central Commission for Discipline Inspection (20th) Standing Committee (20th) Secretary:Li Xi Commission for Discipline Inspection of the Central Military Commission Secretary:Zhang Shengmin Central Leading Group for Inspection Work Leader:Li Xi Provincial committee Standing committee Secretary Deputy secretaries Party group
National People's Congress (14th) Elections Democracy System of people's congress Standing Committee (14th) Council of Chairpersons Chairman:Zhao Leji Vice-Chairpersons Top-ranked:Li Hongzhong Secretary-General:Liu Qi Special Committees Ethnic Affairs Constitution and Law Supervisory and Judicial Affairs Financial and Economic Affairs Education, Science, Culture and Public Health Foreign Affairs Overseas Chinese Affairs Environmental Protection and Resources Conservation Agriculture and Rural Affairs Social Development Affairs Presidium State representative President (list):Xi Jinping Presidential Office Chief:Han Shiming Vice President:Han Zheng Executive organ State Council (Central People's Government) Li Qiang Cabinet Premier (list):Li Qiang Vice-Premiers (list) Ding Xuexiang He Lifeng Zhang Guoqing Liu Guozhong State Councilors Wang Xiaohong Wu Zhenglong Shen Yiqin Secretary-General:Wu Zhenglong Cabinet-level departments National Development & Reform Commission Central bank National Audit Office General Office Secretary-General Deputy Secretaries-General State-owned Assets Supervision & Administration Commission most Central Enterprises Military organ Central Military Commission (CMC) Chairman (supreme commander): Xi Jinping Vice Chairmen: Zhang Youxia Vacant Members: Liu Zhenli Zhang Shengmin Departments: General Office Director:Zhong Shaojun Joint Staff Dept. Chief:Liu Zhenli Political Work Dept. Director:Vacant Logistic Support Dept. Director:Zhang Lin Equipment Development Dept. Director:Xu Xueqiang Training and Administration Dept. Director:Wang Peng National Defense Mobilization Dept. Director:Liu Faqing Discipline Inspection Commission Secretary:Zhang Shengmin Politics and Legal Affairs Commission Science and Technology Commission Strategic Planning Office Reform & Organizational Structure Office Int'l Military Cooperation Office Audit Office Offices Administration Agency National armed forces: People's Liberation Army Theater commands People's Armed Police 1st Mobile Contingent 2nd Mobile Contingent China Coast Guard Militia State Council National Defense Mobilization Commission Chairman:Li Qiang Ministry of National Defense Minister:Dong Jun Ministry of Veterans Affairs State Administration for Sci., Tech. & Industry for National Defense Military history Armed conflicts Military modernization Military reform since 2015 CMC Leading Group for Military Reform Leader:Xi Jinping Supervisory organ National Supervisory Commission Director:Liu Jinguo Corruption in China Anti-corruption campaign since 2012 Independent Commission Against Corruption (Hong Kong) Commission Against Corruption (Macau) Judicial organs Supreme People's Court President:Zhang Jun People's Courts Judicial Police Supreme People's Procuratorate Procurator-General:Ying Yong People's Procuratorates Judicial Police Judiciary of Hong Kong Court of Final Appeal Department of Justice Prosecutions Division Law enforcement in Hong Kong Disciplined Services Security Bureau Hong Kong Police Force Judiciary of Macau Court of Final Appeal Public Prosecutions Office Secretariat for Security Macau Security Force Unitary Police Services [zh] Public Security Police Judiciary Police [zh]
United front System of multi-party cooperation and political consultation Political Consultative Conference National Committee (14th) Chairman:Wang Huning Vice-Chairpersons Top-ranked:Shi Taifeng Secretary-General:Wang Dongfeng Political parties: CCP (ruling) United Front Work Department Head:Li Ganjie Democratic parties RCCK CDL CNDCA CAPD CPWDP CZGP JS TDSL Historical parties: KMT CDSP YCP Federation of Industry and Commerce People's organizations
Law enforcement CCP Central Politics and Law Commission Secretary:Chen Wenqing Enforced disappearance Ministry of Public Security Minister:Wang Xiaohong Public Security Organs People's Police State Immigration Administration Local public security bureaus Ministry of State Security Minister:Chen Yixin State Security Organs People's Police Ministry of Justice Minister:He Rong Judicial Administrative Organs People's Police People's Armed Police 1st Mobile Contingent 2nd Mobile Contingent China Coast Guard Bureau of Prison Administration [zh] Office for Safeguarding National Security Urban Management(chengguan)
Propaganda Central Leading Group for Propaganda, Ideology and Culture Leader:Cai Qi Deputy Leaders:Li Shulei,Shen Yiqin Central Guidance Commission on Building Spiritual Civilization Director:Cai Qi Deputy Director:Li Shulei Publicity Department of the Chinese Communist Party Head:Li Shulei General Administration of Press and Publication China Film Administration State Council Information Office China Daily Ministry of Culture and Tourism National Radio and Television Administration China Media Group China Central Television China Global Television Network China National Radio China Radio International Xinhua News Agency Reference News China News Service People's Daily Global Times China Today Censorship in China Great Cannon Great Firewall Overseas censorship Radio jamming Media of China Internal media International communication centers Publishing industry in China Internet in China Internet censorship Central Cyberspace Affairs Commission Director:Cai Qi Cyberspace Administration of China Director:Zhuang Rongwen
Hong Kong Macau Central Leading Group on Hong Kong and Macau Affairs Leader:Ding Xuexiang HK & Macau Affairs Office Director:Xia Baolong Hong Kong Liaison Office Macau Liaison Office One country, two systems Special administrative regions Hong Kong Basic Law Chief Executive:John Lee Ka-chiu Hong Kong SAR Government Politics of Hong Kong Pro-Beijing camp Pro-democracy camp Independence movement Mainland & HK CEPA Macao Basic Law Chief Executive:Ho Iat-seng Macau SAR Government Politics of Macau Mainland & Macau CEPA
Cross-strait relations Cross-strait relations Chinese Civil War One China Political status of Taiwan Republic of China on Taiwan Taiwan Area "Taiwan Province", PRC Taiwan independence movement Anti-Secession Law Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement Cross-Strait Service Trade Agreement Chinese unification Central Leading Group for Taiwan Affairs Leader:Xi Jinping Deputy Leader:Wang Huning Taiwan Affairs Office Director:Song Tao Association for Relations Across the Taiwan Straits
Foreign relations Central Foreign Affairs Commission Director:Xi Jinping Deputy Director:Li Qiang Secretary-General:Wang Yi Ministry of Foreign Affairs Minister:Wang Yi Spokespersons Diplomatic missions Diplomatic missions of China /in China Foreign aid from China /to China International Development Cooperation Agency Ministry of Commerce Exim Bank of China China Development Bank Belt and Road Initiative Silk Road Fund Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank BRICS New Development Bank Ministry of National Defense International Military Cooperation Office NPC Foreign Affairs Committee CCP International Department State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs Overseas Chinese Affairs Office Chinese nationality law Chinese passports (Hong Kong;Macau) Visa requirements for Chinese citizens (Hong Kong,Macau) Visa policy of China (Hong Kong;Macau) National Immigration Administration Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence Panda diplomacy Beijing Consensus Community of Common Destiny China and the United Nations China and the World Trade Organization Shanghai Cooperation Organisation China–Africa relations China–Arab relations China–Caribbean relations China–European Union relations China–Latin America relations China–Pacific relations China–Russia relations China–United States relations
Related topics Administrative divisions Chinese information operations Ethnic minorities Family planning Hukou system Human rights in China Chinese intelligence activity abroad
China portal Other countries
v t e

TheMinistry of Public Security (MPS,Chinese:公安部;pinyin:Gōng'ānbù)^[a] is the primary law enforcement agency of thePeople's Republic of China. It oversees more than 1.9 million of the country'slaw enforcement officers and as such the vast majority of thePeople's Police. While the MPS is a nationwide police force, conductingcounterintelligence and maintaining the political security of theChinese Communist Party (CCP) are also core functions.

Police cars in the mainland are white with a dark blue swoosh painted on the side such asBYD e6.^[11] China does not have a uniform fleet buying program so local departments typically buy from a variety of local dealerships.Volkswagen Santanas andVolkswagen Passats are the most common but other makes and models are present as well.^{[citation needed]}

• Crime in China
• Court system of the People's Republic of China
• Law of the People's Republic of China
• Ministry of Public Security of the People's Republic of China
  • Public Security Bureau (PSB)
• People's Armed Police
• Ministry of State Security of the People's Republic of China
• Ministry of Justice of the People's Republic of China
• Terrorism in the People's Republic of China
• Custody and repatriation 1982 -2003
• Secretariat for Security (Macau)
• Macau Security Force
  • Public Security Police Force
• Law enforcement in Hong Kong
  • Security Bureau (Hong Kong)
    • Hong Kong Police Force
• Judiciary of Hong Kong
• Department of Justice (Hong Kong)
• Judiciary of Macau
• Legal system of Macau
• Secretary for Justice (Macau)

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