Metcalf is an alumna ofIllinois State University, class of 1976.[6] Metcalf worked as a secretary while in college and has said that she enjoyed seeing a pile of paper in the to-do box on one side of her desk move over to the completed side by the end of the day. She was often so focused on her work she missed lunch.[3] She originally majored in German, thinking she could work as an interpreter, and then in anthropology before majoring in theatre. She has said that theatre work also involves interpreting and studying human behavior. She has described herself as hideously shy, and yet she found the courage to audition for a few plays in high school and was "hooked". She initially did not choose acting as a career, because it was unlikely to lead to regular work.[3][7]
There's a moment when Laurie Metcalf—who plays this poor young thing that comes to the big city and hangs out at this greasy spoon diner where the play is set—is talking about her once boyfriend who is an albino; I think it's a monologue of about five, six, seven minutes. Just to sit there and watch and hear Laurie unspool that story, it just brought tears coming down your eyes—oh, boy, it was something.[11]
Metcalf has appeared in several television series, including being a cast member for a single episode ofSaturday Night Live—the final episode of the show's tumultuous1980–1981 season.[12] In 1981, she appeared as a feature player on the firstDick Ebersol-produced episode ofSaturday Night Live following the firing ofJean Doumanian. She appeared in aWeekend Update segment about taking a bullet for the president of the United States. Because of the sketch show's perceived severe decline in quality at the time and the1981 Writers Guild of America strike, the show was put on hiatus for retooling. Metcalf was not asked to return as a cast member the following year.[13]
In 1988, Metcalf debuted in what is arguably her best known role, asJackie Harris, the multiple-careered, low self-esteemed, amiable sister of the title character in the hitABC sitcom seriesRoseanne, starring alongsideRoseanne Barr andJohn Goodman. Her performance garnered fourPrimetime Emmy Award nominations forOutstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series, a category that she won three consecutive times, from 1992 to 1994.Roseanne ran through 1997; Metcalf appeared as Jackie over the show's entire nine-season run.[14]
Metcalf voicedAndy's mother in theDisney-Pixar animated filmToy Story (1995), reprising the role inToy Story 2 (1999),Toy Story 3 (2010), andToy Story 4 (2019). All four films were huge financial and critical successes, grossing well over a collective billion dollars. In 1997, she portrayed Debbie Salt in the horror filmScream 2. She made a brief foray into television films in the late 1990s, portraying the real-life gun control activistCarolyn McCarthy in the NBC filmThe Long Island Incident (1998).[19]
In the 2000s, Metcalf became known mostly for her voice work in film. In 2002, she voiced Sarah Hawkins in the Disney animatedTreasure Planet (2002). Despite the film receiving positive reviews, the film was a financial box office failure. In 2007, she voiced Lucille Krunklehorn-Robinson in the Disney animated filmMeet the Robinsons. The film, likeTreasure Planet, was met with mixed reviews.A. O. Scott ofThe New York Times wrote: "Meet the Robinsons is surely one of the worst theatrically released animated features issued under the Disney label in quite some time".[20] Metcalf did not feature in many live action films during this period but she did appear in the raunchy comedyBeer League (2006), theJim Carrey-led comedy remakeFun with Dick and Jane (2005), the coming-of-age dramaGeorgia Rule (2006) withJane Fonda andLindsay Lohan, and the war dramaStop Loss (2008) withRyan Phillippe,Channing Tatum andJoseph Gordon-Levitt.[21]
Metcalf ultimately relocated to New York City and began to work in theatrical productions such asDavid Mamet'sNovember on Broadway in 2008, for which she received aTony Award nomination.[23] In June 2009, Metcalf starred inJustin Tanner's playVoice Lessons withFrench Stewart in Hollywood before beginning rehearsals to play Kate Jerome in the Broadway revival ofNeil Simon's semi-autobiographical playsBrighton Beach Memoirs andBroadway Bound, directed byDavid Cromer. The former production's run, however, lasted for nine performances in October 2009, and the latter was canceled before opening.[24][25][26]Voice Lessons, with its original cast intact, went on to run three more times — one Off-Broadway in May 2010,[27] another in Hollywood in May 2011,[28] and another in Chicago in May 2016.[29] In September 2010, Metcalf returned to Steppenwolf and starred inLisa D'Amour's playDetroit.[30] In 2011, she appeared in the Off-Broadway playThe Other Place bySharr White, directed byJoe Mantello.[31] She won the 2011Lucille Lortel Award, Outstanding Lead Actress, and the 2011Obie Award, for her performance.[32]
In 2016, Metcalf took a dramatic turn in the third episode ofLouis C.K.'s self-funded showHorace and Pete, for which she was nominated for thePrimetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Drama Series.[44][45] Matt Brenann ofIndieWire praised Metcalf's performance: "Metcalf's inflections and expressions [are the narrative's] central characters; C.K.'s unflinching direction drinks her performance to the lees, to the point that Sarah's recollection of an afternoon sunbathing bristles with suspense, approaching the edge of some invisible precipice."[46] On April 28, 2017, it was announced that arevival ofRoseanne was in the works and that Metcalf along with most of the original cast and some of the producers would return for the limited series that was being shopped around with ABC and Netflix the frontrunners to land the show.[47] On May 16, 2017, producers confirmed that eight episodes would air mid-season in 2018 on ABC.[48] On May 29, 2018, in the wake of racist remarks by Barr posted on Twitter regarding former presidentBarack Obama's advisorValerie Jarrett, ABC cancelled the revival after a single season.[49][50][51] Metcalf reprised her role inThe Conners, a spinoff ofRoseanne without Barr's involvement which premiered in fall 2018.[52] In 2018, Metcalf's portrayal ofJackie Harris earned a fifthPrimetime Emmy Award forOutstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series nomination for her work on the revival ofRoseanne.[53] The show had a seven season run before concluding on April 23, 2025.[54]
In 1983, Metcalf marriedJeff Perry, co-founding member of Steppenwolf Theatre Company; the two had a daughter,Zoe Perry, in 1983. They divorced in 1986.[70]
Metcalf later began a relationship withMatt Roth, theRoseanne co-star who played her abusive boyfriend Fisher. By November 1993, they had a son and eventually married in 2005. They also worked together on occasion, including in the 1994 feature film thrillerBlink and the 1998 dramaChicago Cab;[71] they also appeared together in an episode ofDesperate Housewives. Their daughter, Mae Roth, was born in 2005. They became parents to a second son, whom they fostered at six years old in 2006 and later adopted.[72] On November 26, 2008, Metcalf and Roth separated. In September 2011, Roth filed for divorce, citing irreconcilable differences. In May 2014, the divorce was finalized.[73]
Metcalf has described herself as aworkaholic and stated that she is hard on herself during rehearsals.[74] She has said that she prefers theatre over other acting media as it is where she feels most comfortable.[74]
She has also appeared in commercials forPlan USA, a humanitarian organization that helps children in need around the world.[75]
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