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Laureate Cross of Saint Ferdinand

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Highest military order and decoration in Spain
For the order of knighthood of the Two Sicilies, seeOrder of Saint Ferdinand and of Merit.
Royal and Military Order of Saint Ferdinand
Grand Laureated star of the Order of Saint Ferdinand
Awarded by theKing of Spain
TypeMilitary Order of Merit
EstablishedAugust 11, 1811; 214 years ago (1811-08-11)
Royal houseHouse of Bourbon-Anjou
EligibilityMilitary personnel
Awarded forExtraordinary military actions to protect the nation, its citizens, or the peace and security of the international community in the face of immediate risk to the bearer
StatusCurrently awarded
SovereignFelipe VI
President of the AssemblyMiguel Ángel Villarroya,Gran Chancellor of the Royal and Military Order of Saint Hermenegild
GradesLaureate Grand Cross
Laureate Cross
Laureate Medal
Precedence
Next (higher)None
Next (lower)Military Medal[1]

Ribbon of the Order

The Laureate Cross

TheRoyal and Military Order of Saint Ferdinand (Spanish:Real y Militar Orden de San Fernando) is a Spanish militaryorder of chivalry, the decoration of which, theLaureate Cross of Saint Ferdinand (Spanish:Cruz Laureada de San Fernando), isSpain's highestmilitary decoration for gallantry. Membership of the order, which is sometimes abbreviated RMOSF, is awarded in recognition of action, either individual or collective, to protect the nation, its citizens, or the peace and security of the international community in the face of immediate risk to the bearer. Those eligible are current and former members of theSpanish Armed Forces.

The Sovereign of the Order of San Fernando is themonarch of Spain,[2] who presides over the biennial chapter held in the Royal Monastery of El Escorial. The sovereign's representative in the Order is the Grand Master,[3] who governs it and is aided by the Maestranza.

Among the conditions laid out by the Royal Military Order of Saint Ferdinand for the granting of the award are:

  • that the sole purpose of the action taken wasn't the saving of one's life;
  • that the action was not motivated by improper ambition to honours unnecessarily disregarding one's (or that of one's subordinates) life;
  • that, as far as possible, the damage and number of own casualties caused by the action was minimized;
  • that the action was taken in the face of significantly adverse odds or other detrimental factors;
  • that the action taken made a crucial difference to the situation in which it occurred.

The Royal Military Order of Saint Ferdinand was set up in 1811 by theCortes of Cádiz – which served as a parliamentary Regency afterFerdinand VII was deposed – to honour heroic feats of arms. It was confirmed by King Ferdinand on his return to Madrid in 1815.[4] Its awardees includeMarcelo Azcárraga Palmero,Juan Prim,Juan de la Cruz Mourgeón,Francisco de Albear,José Enrique Varela Iglesias (twice awarded, in 1920, and 1921),Francisco Serrano y Domínguez,Frederick Thomas Pelham,Henry Kelly (VC), Martín Cerezo,[5]Francisco Franco Bahamonde, andMohamed Meziane.

See also

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References

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Attribution

Loosely adapted fromthe Spanish Wikipedia article on the same topic.

  1. ^"Orden DEF/3594/2003, de 10 de diciembre, por la que se aprueban las normas para la tramitación y concesión ordinaria de las Cruces del Mérito Militar, Naval y Aeronáutico, con distintivo blanco, y de las menciones honoríficas, la delegación de competencias en esta materia, y el uso de las condecoraciones representativas de las recompensas" [Order DEF/3594/2003, of December 10, by which the rules for ordinary processing and concession of the Crosses of the Military, Naval and Aeronautical Merit, with white badge, and of the honorific mentions, the delegation of competitions in this matter, and use of representative decorations of rewards are approved] (in Spanish). Retrieved2021-03-06 – via www.boe.es.
  2. ^Regulation of the Royal and Military Order of San Fernando, article 2
  3. ^Regulation of the Royal and Military Order of San Fernando, article 3(1)
  4. ^Stevnsborg, Niels (September 2022). "A highly decorated regiment: the Dragoons of the French Imperial Guard".Orders & Medals Research Society Journal.61 (3): 173.ISSN 1474-3353.
  5. ^1898, Our Last Men in the Philippines, Lieutenant Martín Cerezo was the only member of the Belar garrison in 1898 so recognized.

Sources

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External links

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