Laura Nyro | |
|---|---|
 Nyro in 1970 | |
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Laura Nigro |
| Born | (1947-10-18)October 18, 1947 The Bronx, New York, U.S. |
| Died | April 8, 1997(1997-04-08) (aged 49) Danbury, Connecticut, U.S. |
| Genres | |
| Occupation(s) | Composer, lyricist, singer, producer |
| Instrument(s) | Vocals, piano |
| Years active | 1966–1972; 1976–1997 |
| Labels | Verve,Columbia |
| Website | lauranyro |
Laura Nyro (/ˈnɪəroʊ/NEER-oh;[1] bornLaura Nigro; October 18, 1947 – April 8, 1997) was an American songwriter and singer. She achieved critical acclaim with her own recordings, particularly the albumsEli and the Thirteenth Confession (1968) andNew York Tendaberry (1969), and had commercial success with artists such asBarbra Streisand andthe 5th Dimension recording her songs. Wider recognition for her artistry was posthumous, while her contemporaries such asElton John idolized her.[2] She was praised for her emotive three-octavemezzo-soprano voice.[3]
Between 1968 and 1970, a number of artists had hits with her songs: the 5th Dimension with "Blowing Away", "Wedding Bell Blues", "Stoned Soul Picnic", "Sweet Blindness", and "Save the Country";Blood, Sweat & Tears andPeter, Paul and Mary with "And When I Die";Three Dog Night andMaynard Ferguson with "Eli's Comin'"; and Barbra Streisand with "Stoney End", "Time and Love", and "Hands off the Man (Flim Flam Man)". Nyro's best-selling single was her recording ofCarole King's andGerry Goffin's "Up on the Roof".[4]
Nyro wasposthumously inducted into theSongwriters Hall of Fame in 2010, and into theRock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2012.[5][6]
Nyro was born Laura Nigro inThe Bronx, New York City, the daughter of Louis Nigro, a piano tuner and jazz trumpeter, and Gilda (née Mirsky) Nigro, a bookkeeper. Laura had a younger brother, Jan Nigro, who has become a children's musician.[7] Laura was ofRussian Jewish andPolish Jewish descent, withItalian American ancestry from her paternal grandfather.[8][9] Her father gave her the name "Laura", after hearing the title theme of the 1944 filmLaura.[10] Nigro and his family often insisted that their surname be pronounced asNIGH-ro instead ofNEE-gro to avoid racial connotations. However, after Laura left high school, she chose her own surname, "Nyro", having it pronounced asNEER-oh.[10]
"I've created my own little world, a world of music, since I was five years old", Nyro toldBillboard magazine in 1970, adding that music provided, for her, a means of coping with a difficult childhood: "I was never a bright and happy child."[11] As a child, she taught herself piano, read poetry, and listened to her mother's records byLeontyne Price,Nina Simone,Judy Garland,Billie Holiday, and classical composers such asDebussy andRavel. She composed her first songs at age eight. With her family, she spent summers in theCatskills, where her father played trumpet at resorts. She credited the Sunday school at theNew York Society for Ethical Culture with providing the basis of her education; she also attended Manhattan'sHigh School of Music & Art.[12]
Nyro was close to her aunt and uncle, artistsTheresa Bernstein andWilliam Meyerowitz, who helped support her education and early career.[13][14]
While attending Joseph Wade Junior High School in the Bronx, Nyro performed an early version of the songEli's Coming in music class to prove to the teacher thatrock and roll "wasn't junk".[citation needed]
While in high school, she sang with a group of friends in subway stations and on street corners. She said, "I would go out singing, as a teenager, to a party or out on the street, because there were harmony groups there, and that was one of the joys of my youth."[15] She commented: "I was always interested in the social consciousness of certain songs. My mother and grandfather were progressive thinkers, so I felt at home in the peace movement and the women's movement, and that has influenced my music."[15]
Louis Nigro's work brought her into contact with record company executive Artie Mogull and his partner Paul Barry, who auditioned Laura in 1966 and became her first managers. However, Nigro later said he did "not even once" mention Laura to any of his clients."[8]
Mogull had negotiated a recording and management contract for her, and Nyro recorded her debut album,More Than a New Discovery, for the Verve Folkways label (later re-namedVerve Forecast). Other songs from the album later became hits for The 5th Dimension,Blood, Sweat & Tears, andBarbra Streisand.
On July 13, 1966, Nyro recorded "Stoney End" and "Wedding Bell Blues" as well as an early version of "Time and Love", as part ofMore Than A New Discovery at Bell Sounds Studios, 237 West 54th Street, Manhattan. About a month later, she sold "And When I Die" toPeter, Paul, and Mary for $5,000. On September 17, 1966, Nyro and Verve Folkways released "Wedding Bell Blues"/"Stoney End" as a single. "Wedding Bell Blues" became a minor hit, especially on the west coast. She completedMore Than A New Discovery in New York on November 29, 1966; and, starting on January 16, 1967, made her first extended professional appearance at age 19, performing nightly for about a month at the "hungry i" coffeehouse in San Francisco. In February 1967, Verve Folkways releasedMore Than A New Discovery. On March 4, 1967, Nyro appeared onClay Cole's Diskoteck, Episode 7.23, along withDion and the Belmonts and others, but the recording of the episode is lost. On March 21, 1967, she appeared onWhere the Action Is (episode 3.140) with videos of "Wedding Bell Blues" (partially extant), "Blowin' Away" (lost) and "Goodbye Joe" (lost).
On June 17, 1967, Nyro appeared at theMonterey Pop Festival. Although some accounts described her performance as a fiasco that culminated in her being booed off the stage,[16] recordings later made publicly available contradict this version of events.[12]Newsweek reporter Michael Lydon reviewed her performance very negatively, writing that "the evening hit bottom" during Nyro's "melodramatic" set.[17]
Soon afterwards,David Geffen approached Mogull about taking over as Nyro's agent. Nyro successfully sued to void her management and recording contracts on the grounds that she had entered into them while still aminor. Geffen became her manager, and the two established a publishing company, Tuna Fish Music, under which the proceeds from her future compositions would be divided equally between them. Geffen also arranged Nyro's new recording contract withClive Davis atColumbia Records, and purchased the publishing rights to her early compositions. In his memoirClive: Inside the Record Business, Davis recalled Nyro's audition for him: She had invited him to her New York apartment, turned off every light except that of a television set next to her piano, and played him the material that would becomeEli and the Thirteenth Confession. Around this time, she considered becoming lead singer forBlood, Sweat & Tears after the departure of founderAl Kooper, but was dissuaded by Geffen. Blood, Sweat & Tears went on to have a hit with a cover of Nyro's "And When I Die".
The new contract allowed Nyro more artistic freedom and control. In 1968, Columbia releasedEli and the Thirteenth Confession, her second album, which received high critical praise for the depth and sophistication of its performance and arrangements, which merged pop structure with inspired imagery, rich vocals, and avant-garde jazz; it is widely considered one of her best works. It was followed in 1969 byNew York Tendaberry, another highly acclaimed work that cemented Nyro's artistic credibility. "Time and Love" and "Save the Country" emerged as two of her most well-regarded and popular songs in the hands of other artists. During the weekend after Thanksgiving in November 1969, she gave two concerts atCarnegie Hall.[18] Her own recordings sold mostly to a faithful cadre of followers. This prompted Clive Davis, in his memoir, to note that her recordings, as solid as they were, came to resemble demonstrations for other performers.
In 1969, Verve reissued Nyro's debut album asThe First Songs. The same year Geffen and Nyro sold Tuna Fish Music to CBS for $4.5 million. Under the terms of his partnership with Nyro, Geffen received half of the proceeds of the sale, making them both millionaires.[19]
Nyro's fourth album,Christmas and the Beads of Sweat, was released at the end of 1970. It contained "Upstairs By a Chinese Lamp" and "When I Was a Freeport and You Were the Main Drag" and featuredDuane Allman and otherMuscle Shoals musicians. The following year'sGonna Take a Miracle was a collection of Nyro's favorite "teenage heartbeat songs", recorded with vocal groupLabelle (Patti LaBelle,Nona Hendryx, andSarah Dash) and the production team ofKenny Gamble andLeon Huff. With the exception of her attribution of "Désiree" (originally "Deserie" bythe Charts), it was Nyro's sole album of wholly non-original material, featuring such songs as "Jimmy Mack", "Nowhere to Run" and "Spanish Harlem".
During 1971, David Geffen worked to establish his own recording label,Asylum Records, in part because of the trouble he had trying to secure a recording contract for another of his clients,Jackson Browne (with whom Nyro was in a relationship at the time). Geffen invited Nyro to join the new label and announced that she would be Asylum's first singer; however, shortly before the signing was due to take place, Geffen learned that Nyro had re-signed with Columbia instead, without telling him. When interviewed about the matter for a 2012 PBS documentary on his life, Geffen, who'd considered Nyro his best friend, described her rejection as the biggest betrayal of his life up to that point, and said he "cried for days" afterwards.[20]
By the end of 1971, Nyro was married to carpenter David Bianchini. She was reportedly uncomfortable with attempts to market her as a celebrity and she announced her retirement from the music business at the age of 24. In 1973, her Verve debut album was reissued asThe First Songs by Columbia Records.
By 1976, her marriage had ended, and she released an album of new material,Smile. She then embarked on a four-month tour with a full band, which resulted in the 1977 live albumSeason of Lights.
After the 1978 albumNested, recorded when she was pregnant with her only child, she again took a break from recording, this time until 1984'sMother's Spiritual. She began touring with a band in 1988, her first concert appearances in 10 years. The tour was dedicated to theanimal rights movement. The shows led to her 1989 release,Laura: Live at the Bottom Line, which included six new compositions.
Her final album of predominantly original material,Walk the Dog and Light the Light (1993), her last album for Columbia, was co-produced byGary Katz, best known for his work withSteely Dan. The release sparked reappraisal of her place in popular music, and new commercial offers began appearing. She turned down lucrative film-composing offers, although she contributed a rare protest song to theAcademy Award-winning documentaryBroken Rainbow, about the unjust relocation of theNavajo people.
Nyro performed increasingly in the 1980s and 1990s with female musicians, including her friend Nydia "Liberty" Mata, a drummer, and several others from the lesbian-feministwomen's music subculture, such as members of the bandIsis. She appeared at such venues as the 1989Michigan Womyn's Music Festival and the 1989Newport Folk Festival, of which a CD containing portions of her performance was released. On July 4, 1991, she opened forBob Dylan at theTanglewood Music Center inLenox, Massachusetts.[21] Among her last performances were atUnion Chapel,Islington, London, England in November 1994; The New YorkBottom Line Christmas Eve Show in 1994; and atMcCabe's inLos Angeles February 11 and 12, 1995.
The Tonight Show and theLate Show with David Letterman pursued Nyro for TV appearances, but she turned them down, citing her discomfort with appearing on television. (She made only a handful of early TV appearances, and one fleeting moment onVH-1 performing the title song fromBroken Rainbow onEarth Day in 1990.) According to producerGary Katz, she also turned down an invitation to be the musical guest on the 1993 season opener ofSaturday Night Live.[22] She never released an official video, although there was talk of filming some ofThe Bottom Line appearances in the 1990s.
Nyro wasbisexual, though this fact was known only to her closest friends.[23] She had a perhaps yearlong relationship withBlood, Sweat & Tears bassistJim Fielder starting in 1968, and withCrosby, Stills and Nash drummerDallas Taylor for about six months after that. She also had a brief relationship with singer/songwriterJackson Browne in late 1970 to early 1971. (Browne was Nyro's opening act at the time.)[24]
Nyro married Vietnam War veteran David Bianchini in October 1971[25] after a whirlwind romance and spent the next three years living with him in a small town in Massachusetts. The marriage ended after three years, during which time she had grown accustomed to rural life, as opposed to the life in the city, where she had recorded her first five records.
After Nyro split from Bianchini in 1975, she suffered the trauma of the death of her mother Gilda toovarian cancer at the age of 49. She consoled herself largely by recording a new album, enlistingCharlie Calello, with whom she had collaborated onEli and the Thirteenth Confession.
In 1978, a short-lived relationship with Harindra Singh produced a son, Gil Bianchini (also known as musician Gil-T), whom she gave the surname of her ex-husband.
In the early 1980s, Nyro began living with painter Maria Desiderio (1954–1999),[26] a relationship that lasted 17 years, the rest of Nyro's life.
Nyro was afeminist and openly discussed it on a number of occasions, once saying, "I may bring a certain feminist perspective to my songwriting, because that's how I see life."[27]
By the late 1980s, Nyro had become ananimal rights activist andvegetarian, and began to offer literature on the subject at her concerts.[28]
In late 1996, Nyro, like her mother, was diagnosed withovarian cancer. After the diagnosis,Columbia Records, with Nyro's involvement, prepared a two-CD retrospective of material from her years at the label. She lived to see the release ofStoned Soul Picnic: The Best of Laura Nyro in 1997.
She died of ovarian cancer inDanbury, Connecticut, on April 8, 1997, at 49,[29][30] the same age at which her mother died. Her ashes were scattered beneath a maple tree on the grounds of her house in Danbury.[31]
Nyro's posthumous releases includeAngel In The Dark (2001), which includes her final studio recordings made in 1994 and 1995, andThe Loom's Desire (2002), a set of live recordings with solo piano and harmony singers fromThe Bottom Line Christmas shows of 1993 and 1994.
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Nyro's influence on popular musicians has also been acknowledged by such artists asJoni Mitchell,[32]Carole King,[33]Tori Amos,[33]Patti Smith,Kate Bush,Suzanne Vega,[34]Diamanda Galas,Bette Midler,[35]Rickie Lee Jones,[35]Elton John,[33]Jackson Browne,[33]Alice Cooper,[35]Elvis Costello,[35]Cyndi Lauper,[35]Todd Rundgren,[35]Steely Dan,[35]Sarah Cracknell,Melissa Manchester,Lisa Germano, andRosanne Cash.
Todd Rundgren stated that once he heard her, he "stopped writing songs likethe Who and started writing songs like Laura."[36]
Cyndi Lauper said that her rendition of the song "Walk On By", on herGrammy Award-nominated 2003 cover albumAt Last, was inspired by Nyro.[37]
Elton John andElvis Costello discussed Nyro's influence on both of them during the premiere episode of Costello's interview showSpectacle. When asked by the host if he could name three great performers/songwriters who have largely been ignored, John cited Nyro as one of his choices. He also addressed Nyro's influence on his 1970 song "Burn Down the Mission", fromTumbleweed Connection, in particular. "I idolized her," he concluded. "The soul, the passion, just the out and out audacity of the way her rhythmic and melody changes came was like nothing I've heard before."[38]
Bruce Arnold, leader of the pioneering soft rock groupOrpheus, was a fan of Nyro's music. They both worked with legendary studio drummerBernard Purdie. While recording with Purdie, Arnold mentioned his love of Nyro's music, and the drummer responded with a story about Nyro: At Nyro's home one night in the late 1970s, Purdie mentioned that he was the uncredited drummer forOrpheus. Nyro got excited and brought him into a room where she kept her record collection. She pulled out well-worn copies of every Orpheus LP, as well as copies sealed for posterity.
Diane Paulus and Bruce Buschel co-createdEli's Comin', a musical revue of the songs of Nyro, which, among others, starredAnika Noni Rose.
Louis Greenstein and Kate Ferber wroteOne Child Born: The Music of Laura Nyro, a one-woman show featuring Ferber and directed by Adrienne Campbell-Holt.One Child Born was developed atCAP21 inNew York City and has sold outJoe's Pub and theLaurie Beechman Theatre in New York,World Cafe Live inPhiladelphia, and other venues.[39][40]
TheAlvin Ailey American Dance Theater and the National Ballet of Canada have also included her music in their performances; notably, "Been On A Train" fromChristmas and the Beads of Sweat, in which a woman describes watching her lover die from a drug overdose, comprises the second movement of Ailey's 1971 solo forJudith Jamison,Cry. Alvin Ailey choreographedQuintet in 1968 with 5 female members of his troupe dancing to several of Laura's songs from the first two albums.
On October 2, 2007, three-time Tony nomineeJudy Kuhn released her new albumSerious Playground: The Songs of Laura Nyro. The album, which debuted as a concert to a sold-out house at Lincoln Center's American Songbook Series in January 2007, includes several of Nyro's biggest hits ("Stoned Soul Picnic", "Stoney End") as well as some of her lesser known gems.
In 1992, English shoegaze/Britpop bandLush released a song about Laura Nyro ("Laura") on their first full-length albumSpooky.[41] Several of the band's songs (specifically those written byEmma Anderson) have echoed Nyro's music in their titles – "When I Die", "Single Girl". More recently, in 2012, Anderson has referred to Laura Nyro as "wondrous" on her Twitter account.[42]
On her 2006 albumBuild a Bridge, the operatic/Broadway sopranoAudra McDonald included covers of Nyro's songs "To a Child" and "Tom Cat Goodbye".
The musical theater composerStephen Schwartz credits Nyro as a major influence on his work.[43]
Alice Cooper has mentioned on his syndicated radio show that Laura Nyro is one of his favorite songwriters.[44]
Jenny Lewis ofRilo Kiley, when promoting her 2006 solo albumRabbit Fur Coat repeatedly cited Nyro's 1971 albumGonna Take a Miracle as a big influence on her music. Lewis performed the first track on that album "I Met Him on a Sunday" on the Rabbit Fur Coat tour.[45]
In the 2004 drama filmA Home at the End of the World can be heard Nyro's recordings of "Désiree" and "It's Gonna Take a Miracle", both songs from the albumGonna Take a Miracle.[46]
Paul Shaffer, bandleader for the CBS Orchestra and sidekick on theLate Show with David Letterman, stated that his desert island album would beEli and the Thirteenth Confession.[47]
Paul Stanley ofKiss has mentioned on several occasions that he is a big admirer of Nyro's music.[48][49][50]
Exene Cervenka of thepunk rock bandX listed Nyro as one of her favorite songwriters.[51]
On October 27, 1997, a large-scale tribute concert was produced by women at theBeacon Theatre in New York. Performers includedRickie Lee Jones,Sandra Bernhard,Toshi Reagon, andPhoebe Snow.[52]
And a World To Carry On, an original tribute show celebrating the music and life of Laura Nyro, written by Barry Silber and Carole Coppinger, was first performed in 2008 (2nd performance late August 2015) at Carrollwood Players Theatre in Tampa, Fla.[53]
To Carry On, an original tribute show celebrating the music and life of Laura Nyro, starring Mimi Cohen, is in its second return engagement as of January 19, 2011, at Cherry Lane Theatre in Manhattan.
A biography of Nyro,Soul Picnic: The Music and Passion of Laura Nyro, written byMichele Kort, was published in 2002 by Thomas Dunne Books/St. Martin's Press.On Track: Laura Nyro, a detailed song-by-song survey by Philip Ward, was published by Sonicbond in 2022.
An analysis of Nyro's music by music theorist Ari Shagal was written at the University of Chicago in 2003, linking Nyro's work to theGreat American Songbook by demonstrating the similarities between her chordal language and those ofHarold Arlen,Harry Warren, andGeorge Shearing.
Nyro's life and music were celebrated in a 2005BBC Radio 2 documentary,Shooting Star – Laura Nyro Remembered, which was narrated by her friendBette Midler and included contributions from her one-time managerDavid Geffen, co-producersArif Mardin andGary Katz, and performersSuzanne Vega andJanis Ian. It was rebroadcast on April 4, 2006.[54]
Janis Ian, who attended the High School of Music and Art in New York at the same time as Nyro, discussed her friendship with Nyro during the late 1960s in her autobiography,Society's Child. Ian described her as looking like a "Morticia Addams" caricature with her long, dark hair, and called her a "brilliant songwriter" but "oddly inarticulate" in terms of musical terminology. Ian was a fan of Nyro's work with producerCharlie Calello and chose him as the producer of her 1969 albumWho Really Cares on the basis of his work with Nyro.[55]
Comedian, writer, and singerSandra Bernhard has spoken extensively of Laura Nyro as an ongoing inspiration. She dedicated a song, "The Woman I Could've Been" onExcuses for Bad Behavior (Part One), to her. She also sang Nyro's "I Never Meant to Hurt You" in her filmWithout You I'm Nothing.
Rickie Lee Jones's albumPirates and songs such as "We Belong Together" and "Living It Up" are reminiscent of early Laura Nyro songs, and Jones acknowledged Nyro's influence.[56] In her memoir,Last Chance Texaco,[57] Jones describes discovering Nyro's music in the summer of 1970, saying "Somehow, the moment I fell in love with Laura I loved myself just a little more. I believe an invisible cord came out of me and attached itself to Laura Nyro that summer. Or vice versa."[58]
Todd Rundgren has also acknowledged the strong influence of Nyro's 1960s music on his own songwriting. While a member of the pop groupNazz, his great admiration for Nyro led him to arrange a meeting with her (which took place shortly after she had recorded theEli and the Thirteenth Confession LP). Nyro invited Rundgren to become the musical director of her backing group, but his commitments toNazz obliged him to decline. Rundgren's debut solo albumRunt (1970) includes the strongly Nyro-influenced "Baby Let's Swing" which was written about her and mentions her by name. Rundgren and Nyro remained friends for much of her professional career and he subsequently assisted her with the recording of her albumMother's Spiritual.[59]
On April 14, 2012, Laura Nyro was inducted into theRock and Roll Hall of Fame. The induction speech was delivered by singerBette Midler and the award was accepted by her son, Gil Bianchini. The song "Stoney End" was performed by singerSara Bareilles at the induction ceremony.[5]
Ahybriddaylily named for Laura Nyro was introduced in 2000.[60]
The Scottish bandCosmic Rough Riders released a tribute song, "Laura Nyro," on their 2001 albumPure Escapism.
The song "Mean Streets" by the bandTennis is a tribute to Nyro.
Kanye West sampled Nyro on hiswidely acclaimed 2007 albumGraduation.
On July 22, 2014, composer/arrangerBilly Childs releasedMap to the Treasure: Reimagining Laura Nyro. The album features ten Laura Nyro songs performed by a long list of stars includingRickie Lee Jones,Shawn Colvin,Alison Krauss,Dianne Reeves, andWayne Shorter. The album was nominated for three Grammys, with the "New York Tendaberry" track featuringRenee Fleming andYo-Yo Ma winning for Best Arrangement, Instrumental and Vocals.
In 2015, the Christine Spero Group released "Spero Plays Nyro", the Music of Laura Nyro along with a highly acclaimed live tour. The album features eleven of Nyro's songs and an original song, "Laura and John" by Christine Spero, a tribute to Laura Nyro and John Coltrane, whom Nyro admired.
A documentary on Nyro was announced in 2022, which will be associate produced by her son Gil and partly based on theMichele Kort biography.[61]
Cleveland Calls Up Red Hot Chili Peppers, Faces, Laura Nyro, Donovan
Her maternal grandparents were Russian Jews, as was her father's mother. Her paternal grandfather was Italian Catholic
Around the same time, Nyro also decided to become a vegetarian. [...] by that time [1988], she had decided she wouldn't eat anything that had a face, let alone a creature that she loved. [...] her staunch support of animal rights led her to offer literature about various organizations at her concerts, [...]
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