| Larry Lieber | |
|---|---|
 Lieber in January 2012 | |
| Born | Lawrence D. Lieber (1931-10-26)October 26, 1931 (age 94) New York City, U.S. |
| Area | Writer,Penciller, Editor |
Notable works | Rawhide Kid Iron Man Thor Ant-Man |
| Awards | Bill Finger Award Inkwell Awards Keeper of the Flame (2025)[1] |
Lawrence D. Lieber[2] (/ˈliːbər/; born October 26, 1931)[3] is an American comic book writer and artist best known as co-creator of theMarvel ComicssuperheroesIron Man,Thor, andAnt-Man. He is also known for his long stint both writing and drawing the MarvelWesternRawhide Kid and for illustrating thenewspapercomic stripThe Amazing Spider-Man from 1986 to 2018. From 1974 to 1975, he was editor ofAtlas/Seaboard Comics. Lieber is the younger brother ofStan Lee, who had been a writer, editor, and publisher of Marvel Comics.
Larry Lieber was born inManhattan, New York City, the second child ofRomanian-Jewish immigrant parents Celia (née Solomon) and Jack Lieber, and the brother of Stanley Martin Lieber, later known asMarvel Comics editor and impresario Stan Lee.[4] When he was six months old, the family moved toThe Bronx,[5] settling at 1720 University Avenue, which Lee described as a one-bedroom, "third-floor apartment facing out back", with him and Larry sharing a bedroom and his parents using a foldout couch.[6] At "about ten-and-a-half", with his brother in theU.S. Army, Lieber and his parents returned to Manhattan, moving to theWashington Heights neighborhood.[5] Already interested in art and drawing by this time, he attendedGeorge Washington High School there.[5]
Lee wrote in his autobiography that when Larry was a teenager, the boys' mother died and Lieber went to live with his brother and his sister-in-law, Joan, prompting the trio's move toWoodmere, New York, onLong Island.[7] Lee elsewhere described that move to a two-story, three-bedroom home at 1084 West Broadway as occurring in 1949,[8] when Larry would have been 17 or 18. As Lieber recalled it to comics historian Daniel Best, "My mother died when I was 16. My brother was back from the Service, he was just married and he moved out outside of New York to Long Island. I lived with him for a while and it didn't work out so well. I wanted to leave, so I left. I was very young and I had a couple of jobs."[9]
At 17, Lieber became a messenger forThe New York Times and also found work at theTimes Square studio of Sam Furber, aletterer whose work included movie posters. For roughly a year and a half, he lived in the since-defunct Hotel Manhattan Towers, a residence hotel atBroadway and West 76th Street in Manhattan.[10]
In 1941, Lee was made the editor ofTimely Comics, the future Marvel Comics, then a division of a publishing company owned by a relative,Martin Goodman.[10] Lieber began working for Goodman as an art assistant on the magazine side, "doing paste-ups. ... I was working during the day and I went to [thePratt Institute art school, inBrooklyn, in] the evening."[11] There Lieber began illustratingcomic books; his first known credit ispenciling andinking the four-pagecrime comics story "Cop on the Beat", by an unknown writer, inAll True Crime #44 (cover-dated May 1951).[12]
In 1951, he enlisted in theU.S. Air Force, beginning four years ofmilitary service.[9] Serving during theKorean War, he spent two of those years stationed atOkinawa,[5] after having done his boot-camp training at the since-defunctSampson Air Force Base, near theFinger Lakes region of New York State.[9]
After returning from the service, Lieber attended Manhattan'sArt Students League. "I still wanted to be an artist and do comics, but I had in mind to eventually become an illustrator," he said in 1999. "I was drawing, but I was slow."[13] He again drew for his brother, editorStan Lee, at the 1950s forerunner ofMarvel Comics, known generally asAtlas Comics, though whether on staff or freelance is uncertain. Regardless, his next confirmed credit is penciling and inking the three-page story "A World to Conquer" inJourney into Unknown Worlds #52 (Dec. 1956), followed by stories in such Atlasromance comics asLove Romances,Love Tales,Stories of Romance,True Tales of Love andThe Romances of Nurse Helen Grant in issuescover-dated April to August 1957 and July 1958.[12] Because it was not standard industry practice during this time to give writer and artist credits, Lieber may have supplied more. He recalled in 1999 he had written some or all of these stories himself, "because I remember Stan was saying to me, 'You write romances really well.'"[14] In 1958, following an economic downturn for the publisher and the firing of virtually all the comics staffers save Lee, "Stan said he wanted somebody to help him write, and he had nobody then; he was doing it all himself. I said, 'I'm not really a writer.' He said, 'Oh, I've read your letters.'"[14]
Lieber, by now living in theTudor City apartment complex in Manhattan, began freelancing regularly for the nascent Marvel Comics, "writing stories forJack [Kirby] to draw",[13] referring to the artist who had co-createdCaptain America for the company in 1940 andhad recently returned for a long, exclusive stint in which Kirby would co-create many signature Marvel characters in theSilver Age of Comics.[15] At this point in the late 1950s, Kirby was drawingscience fiction /fantasy stories followed by giant-monster tales in what collectors and historians call "pre-superhero Marvel" comics, primarilyJourney into Mystery,Strange Tales,Tales of Suspense andTales to Astonish. As Lieber recalled of those creature features,
Stan made up the plot, and then he'd give it to me, and I'd write the script. Tudor City had a park, and when it was nice I'd sit there and break the story down picture by picture. I was unsure of myself just sitting down to write a script. Since I knew how to draw, I'd think, 'Oh, this shot will have a guy coming this way ... this shot will have a guy looking down on him,' and later I'd sit at the typewriter and type it up. After a while, I'd just go to the typewriter. ... These were all scripts in advance [that Kirby would illustrate].[16]
Lieber's earliest, tentatively confirmed pre-superhero Marvel script is for the six-pageDon Heck-illustrated "I Am the Beast-Man" inStrange Tales #77 (Oct. 1960), and his first confirmed is the 13-page "I Led the Strange Search for Manoo", penciled by Kirby and inked byDick Ayers, inAmazing Adventures #2 (July 1961).[17]
Under Stan Lee plots, Lieber would go on to script the debutorigin stories and other early appearances of thesuperheroesThor (co-created with artistJack Kirby) inJourney into Mystery,Iron Man (co-created with Kirby andDon Heck) inTales of Suspense, andAnt-Man (co-created with Kirby) inTales to Astonish.[12] This included creating the names of their respective alter egos: Donald Blake, Tony Stark, and Hank Pym.[9] His first superhero work, thefirst appearance of Marvel's Thor inJourney into Mystery #83 (Aug. 1962), introduced one of the mainstays of theMarvel Universe, the mystical metal "uru", of which Thor's hammerMjolnir is made. As Lieber recalled, "I kind of liked it; it was short. It's easy on theletterer; they're going to be using it all the time. I don't know where the hell I came up with it. I used to get names out of the back of the dictionary, from the biographical section where you have foreign names, Russian, this and that. I used to go to it and gets parts of names to put together."[18]
As Stan Lee recalled, in his trademark jocular style, in 1974,
Heretofore, I had written all of the origin tales of each new character, as well as the subsequent follow-up stories in every series. But now it was impossible. I simply wouldn't have the time to continue with TheFantastic Four, TheHulk,Spider-Man and the other oddWestern, mystery, romance, humor, and assorted monster tales I was writing and still do justice to our newest feature yet a'borning. ... [As well i]t was simply too risky for me not to be grooming some other writers to fill the break if necessary.[19]I needed someone to write the new feature, which would hopefully be Marvel's fourth winner in our little superhero sweepstakes. Slowly surveying our entire, vast writing staff — which mainly consisted of myself and any occasional freelancer who happened to wander in to make a free phone call — my ... gaze happened to fall upon ... Larry Lieber — and I remembered that he had many times expressed a desire to write a superhero story. ...[20]
Lieber in 1999 remembered circumstances less hyperbolically: "Thor was just another story. I didn't think about it at all. Stan said, 'I'm trying to make up a character,' and he gave me the plot, and he said, 'Why don't you write the story?'"[21] Under Lee's plotting, Lieber's eight Thor stories also introduced the Marvel charactersLoki,Odin, andBalder, from the pantheon ofNorse mythological gods; their home,Asgard; andBifrost the Rainbow Bridge, which connected that realm to Earth.[21] For another series, starring theHuman Torch from the Fantastic Four, Lieber co-created the longstandingsupervillain theWizard inStrange Tales #102 (Nov. 1962).[22]
After the debut Iron Man story inTales of Suspense #39 (March 1963), however, Lee replaced Lieber withRobert Bernstein, writing as "R. Berns", for the next seven issues before Lee took over the reins himself for a few stories.Don Rico, writing as "N. Korok", followed for a two-issue stint. Lee then took over as regular writer for the next few years.[23] Lieber wrote the first nine Ant-Man stories (following the character's non-costumed introduction months earlier) inTales to Astonish #35-43 (Sept. 1962 - May 1963) before veteranErnie Hart did five issues, followed by Lee taking over. As Lieber explained, Lee
... wasn't always the most patient person and I had problems [writing] the dialogue and he said, "Why did you say that? You could have said it this way, or this way or that way," and I'm realizing, yeah, I don't think of it that way or this way. So at any rate finally I think at one point he got a little exasperated and he said, ..."I'm going to hire some of the old pros." He remembered writers from the past. ... He still gave me work, he didn't want to take work away, but they were putting out a few more books. So he hired somebody and then the next week when I came back to him he said, ..."Larry, you know something, you're no good, but you're better than these other guys". So that was my first victory if you want to call that a victory, right. The others are worse than me.[9]
Lieber, who credits Lee as a good editor, writer and writing teacher, said his brother made very few editorial changes to Lieber's scripts. "He would go over it and ... if it were in the early years, he might correct or change a line or two. But he always used it. ... I never had to, you know, go home and do it again. He was very easy, he was showing me ... and he'd make some little corrections. And as time went on, he had fewer to make."[15]
Lieber largely left superheroes to write and pencil what would be his signature series, the Marvel WesternRawhide Kid, beginning with issue #41 (Aug. 1964) and continuing through 1973 (after which it became a reprint title).[12] Lieber recalled,
I don't remember why I wanted to do it, particularly. I think I wanted a little more freedom. I didn't do enough of the superheroes to know whether I'd like them. What I didn't prefer was the style that was developing. It didn't appeal to me. ... Maybe there was just too much humor in it, or too much something. ... I remember, at the time, I wanted to make everything serious. I didn't want to give a light tone to it. When I didRawhide Kid, I wanted people to cry as if they were watchingHigh Noon or something.[16] ... I'm a little unclear about leaving the superheroes and going to Rawhide Kid. I know that at the time I wanted — what's the expression? — a little space for myself or something, and I wanted to do a little drawing again.[2]
Lieber also penciledThe Amazing Spider-Man Annual #4-5 (1967-1968), the latter introducing inflashback the late parents of protagonistPeter Parker; co-wrote and co-penciled the first soloDoctor Doom feature story, inMarvel Super-Heroes #20 (May 1969);[12] and did occasional other work including, for Magazine Management's men's magazines, several stories of the bawdy "nudie-cutie" comedy feature "Pussycat".[24]With the end of his run onRawhide Kid, Lieber found little further Marvel work. He scripted and occasionally also drew the odd Western orSgt. Furywar-comics story or a standalone tale in one of the Marvelline of black-and-white magazines such asVampire Tales orHaunt of Horror.[12] "It wasn't a very easy period," he said in 1999. "They needed superhero-reprint covers, and I could do them somewhat in Kirby's style."[25] He considered seeking work at rivalDC Comics, as some other Marvel writers and artists did, but found, "I was the only one who could never do that because that was the price for Stan being my brother. So I could never do that. ... They would have thought Stan Lee is sending over a spy or something you know. I would see what they're doing and go back or whatever the hell it was. So I couldn't do that, I couldn't work."[9]
In 1974, Lieber left Marvel to take on an editorship atAtlas/Seaboard Comics, the term comic book historians and collectors use to refer to the "Atlas Comics" line published by Seaboard Periodicals, to differentiate it from the 1950s Marvel Comics predecessorAtlas Comics. Marvel Comics founder and longtime publisherMartin Goodman had left Marvel in 1972, having sold the company in 1968, and launched this new company in June 1974 to go head-to-head with Marvel andDC Comics. He hired Lieber to be editor of the Atlas black-and-white comics-magazines, and additionally hiredWarren Publishing veteranJeff Rovin to edit the color comic-book line, which soon fell under Lieber's editorship.[26]
As Lieber, in a 1999 interview, described his experience as editor:
When I went there, Martin put out two kinds of books. He was putting out color comics, and he was also going to put out black-and-white comics like Warren and Marvel. Now, I knew nothing about black-and-white comics, right? My only experience was in the color comics. Jeff Rovin came from Warren, and he knew nothing about color comics. Martin unfortunately put Jeff in charge of all the color comics and put me in charge of the black-and-white books. It was an unfortunate thing, and basically what happened was that Jeff's books didn't turn out so well ... Martin had to pay high freelance rates, because otherwise nobody would work for a new and unproven company ... It didn't work out too well, and Jeff finally left angrily or something, and I had to take over all his books. At this point, business was bad, and I tried to do what I could. One of the things I had to do was to cut rates and tell people they were going to make less money, which was not an enviable position.[26]
When Atlas went under in late 1975, Lieber received six months severance pay and spent time trying to devise a newspapercomic strip for syndication.[27] Lee then offered him the editorship ofMarvel UK, the New York City-basedimprint that produced black-and-white reprint comics for theUK market, as well as new stories of the superheroCaptain Britain.[27][28] With co-scripterGary Friedrich primarily, Lieber wrote the hero's seven-page lead feature in the weeklyCaptain Britain #24-37 (March 23 - June 22, 1977),[29] and, with co-writer Jim Lawrence, Captain Britain adventures in Marvel UK'sSuper Spider-Man #233-246 (July 27-Oct. 26, 1977). Lieber also wrote and penciled two Spider-Man stories, inWeb of Spider-Man #21 and 25 (Dec. 1986, April 1987).[12]
In 1978, Lieber began penciling and sometimes inking the new daily and Sunday comic stripThe Incredible Hulk,[30] written by Lee and syndicated by theRegister and Tribune Syndicate. He additionally began writing it in early 1979. Though he gave up the role of regular artist in Spring 1979 and the role of regular writer in mid-1982, he would still write and draw the occasional installment until the strip's end in September 1982.[30][31] Lieber said Lee gave a rare compliment on the Hulk strip, telling his brother, "[I]t's very good. Also I think it's even more dramatic than [the] Spider-Man [comic strip]".[9]
In 1980 and 1981, concurrent with the Hulk strip, Lieber contributed some degree of penciling on the daily and Sunday comic stripThe Amazing Spider-Man untilFred Kida took over as regular penciler. Lieber then succeeded Kida on the daily strip in 1986.[3][30][32] Lieber also penciled the Sunday page again from 1990 through at least 1995.[30]
Lieber recalled in 2007,
The Hulk was kind of popular on television, and so I drewThe[Incredible] Hulk. Stan was writing it and after a whileThe Hulk wasn't doing well ... and Stan decided to give it up, or give up his part. He said, "Larry if you want, you can writeThe Hulk and draw it". So once again I was writing and drawing, and that I enjoyed even more than the Rawhide Kid. I made up stories that I really liked and it lasted a little while. After that, after the Hulk, Stan left. I think he went out to Hollywood or out to California and that's whenJim Shooter came in [as Marvel editor-in-chief] and took over. I didn't have any steady work then. I did a few inventory stories [in the comic books] or different things, until finally they needed somebody, an artist, on [the]Spider-Man [comic] strip, which Fred Kida had been doing until he retired. They tried somebody else and it didn't work out and they offered it to me and I started doing it and I've been doing it for 20 years now it'll be.[9]
In a 2010 interview Lieber described how he collaborated with Lee onThe Amazing Spider-Man strip: "I get a full script. I can make certain changes, if I wish, and all that, but it's a full script, which I welcome. ... I call him every week. I reduce the pencils and I fax them. I try to finish it, but sometimes I can't, so he just sees roughs, but that is good enough for him to get the idea if I captured the scene right. Then he goes over it, and usually he will change things in the writing, and sometimes in the artwork. When he has made corrections, I have fortunately agreed with it."[33] He retired from pencilling the strip in July 2018. His final strip ran September 8, 2018.[34]
Lieber was a recipient of theSan Diego Comic-Con's 2003Inkpot Awards. In 2008, he was one of two recipients of that year'sBill Finger Award, which annually honors one living and one deceased comics creator. The award was presented on July 25, 2008, during the 2008Will Eisner Comic Industry Awards ceremony at San Diego Comic-Con.[35] In 2025, he was awarded theInkwell Awards honorary Keeper of the Flame Award, for his seven decades of career achievements in the comic book industry as a writer, editor, and artist, including inking.[1]
'D' is my middle initial.
I made up the name Henry Pym, and Don Blake I made up for Thor, and Tony Stark I made up, you know. But the important names, such as Ant Man, Thor and Iron Man, Stan made up.
[I]n the early '70s, I did work for Goodman's men's magazines, a strip called 'Pussycat'.Stan [Lee] wrote the first one I did, and then his brother Larry wrote the ones that came later.
| Preceded by None | Thor writer (Journey into Mystery stories) 1962 (withStan Lee) | Succeeded by |
| Preceded by | Rawhide Kid writer 1964–1973 | Succeeded by none |
| Preceded by | Rawhide Kid artist 1964–1973 | Succeeded by none |
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