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Arabic name

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected fromLaqab)

Arabic names have historically been based on a long naming system. Many people from Arabic-speaking and also non-Arab Muslim countries have not hadgiven,middle, andfamily names but rather a chain of names. This system remains in use throughout theArab andMuslim worlds.

Name structure

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Ism

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Theism (اسم) is the given name, first name, or personal name; e.g. "Ahmad" or "Fatima". Most Arabic names have meaning as ordinaryadjectives andnouns, and are often aspirational of character. For example,Muhammad means 'Praiseworthy' andAli means 'Exalted' or 'High'.

The syntactic context will generally differentiate the name from the noun or adjective. However Arabic newspapers will occasionally place names in brackets, or quotation marks, to avoid confusion.

In fact, the nameMuhammad is so popular throughout parts ofAfrica,Arabia, theMiddle East,South Asia andSoutheast Asia, that it is often represented by the abbreviation "Md.", "Mohd.", "Muhd.", or just "M.". InIndia,Pakistan,Bangladesh,Malaysia,Indonesia and thePhilippines, due to its almost ubiquitous use as a first name, a person will often be referred to by their second name:

  • Md. Dinar Ibn Raihan
  • Mohd. Umair Tanvir
  • Md. Osman

Nasab

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See also:Patronymic § Arabic

Thenasab (Arabic:نسب,lit. 'lineage') is apatronymic ormatronymic, or a series thereof. It indicates the person's heritage by the wordibn (ابن "son of", colloquiallybin) oribnat ("daughter of", alsoبنتbint, abbreviatedbte.).[citation needed] In the 1995 bookName Studies (De Gruyter),Wolfdietrich Fischer [de] wrote that, although the nasab was still common contemporarily,ibn andbint were omitted "in almost all Arab countries".[1]

Ibn Khaldun (ابن خلدون) means "son of Khaldun". Khaldun is the father's personal name or, in this particular case, the name of a remote male ancestor.

ʿAmmār ibn Sumayya means "ʿAmmār son ofSumayya". Sumayya is the personal name of ʿAmmār's mother, the same person can also be identified by his father's personal name "ʿAmmār ibn Yasir". In later Islamic periods the nasab was an important tool in determining a child's father by means of describing paternity in a social (i.e. to whom was the mother legally married during the conception of the child), not a biological sense, because the father's biological identity can be grounds for speculation. In early Islamic contexts this function is not yet well established. This stems from a legal principle introduced by Islam regarding the legal status of children (they can only arise from marriage) and changes to waiting periods relating to divorce to establish an undisputed legal father for any child. This function only developing with Islam means that one can find manyCompanions of the Prophet bearing a maternal nasab, as the naming conventions reflected in their names still stem from pre-Islamic attitudes and beliefs.[2]

Severalnasab names can follow in a chain to trace a person's ancestry backwards in time, as was important in thetribal society of medieval Arabs, both for purposes of identification and for socio-political interactions. Today, however,ibn orbint is no longer used (unless it is the official naming style in a country, region, etc.: Adnen bin Abdallah). The plural is'Abnā for males andBanāt for females. However,Banu orBani is tribal and encompasses both sexes.

Laqab

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Thelaqab (لقب), pl.alqāb (ألقاب), can be translated to English asagnomen;cognomen; nickname; title, honorific; last name,surname, family name.[3] Thelaqab could be purely descriptive of a person, express admiration or be insulting and derogatory.[4]

An example is the name of theAbbasid caliphHarun al-Rashid, which uses thedefinite articleal-.Harun is the Arabic version of the nameAaron andal-Rasheed means "the Rightly-Guided".

Thelaqab was used as a regnal title by thecaliphs. This was most prominent in Abbasid times, for exampleal-Manṣūr bi’llāh.[4]

Another common form oflaqab is that of compounds ending withal-Dīn (lit. 'of the faith' or'of the religion'),al-Dawla ('of the State'),al-Mulk ('of the Kingdom'), oral-Islām ('of Islam').[5] Examples includeṢalāḥ al-Dīn,Shams al-Dīn,Nūr al-Dīn,Izz al-Din,Nāṣir al-Dawla,Niẓām al-Mulk,Sayf al-Islām.

In ancient Arab societies, use of alaqab was common, but today is restricted to the surname, or family name, of birth.

Nisbah

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Main article:Nisba (onomastics)

Thenisbah (نسبة) surname could be an everyday name, but is mostly the name of the ancestral tribe, clan, family, profession, town, city, country, or any other term used to show relevance. It follows a family through several generations. Ademonym example isالحلبيal-Halabi, meaning that the person is originally fromAleppo or a descendant of people from Aleppo. For a profession example,الخياطal-khayyat meaning "the tailor".

Thelaqab andnisbah are similar in use, but they could be used simultaneously. For example: Sayf Al-Dīn Al-Halabi.

Kunya

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Main article:Kunya (Arabic)

Akunya (Arabic:كنية,kunyah)[6] is ateknonym in Arabic names. It is a component of an Arabic name, a type ofepithet, in theory referring to the bearer's first-born son or daughter. By extension, it may also have hypothetical or metaphorical references, e.g. in anom de guerre or a nickname, without literally referring to a son or a daughter.[7] For example, Sabri Khalil al-Banna was known asAbu Nidal, "father of struggle".

Use of a kunya implies a familiar but respectful setting.

A kunya is expressed by the use ofabū (father) orumm (mother) in agenitive construction, i.e. "father of" or "mother of" as anhonorific in place of or alongsidegiven names in theArab world.

A kunya may also be a nickname expressing the attachment of an individual to a certain thing, as inAbu Bakr, "father of the camel foal", given because of this person's kindness towards camels.

Common naming practices

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See also:List of Arabic theophoric names

Arab Muslim

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A common name-form among Arab Muslims is the prefixʿAbd ("Worshipper",fem.Amah) combined with the word for God (Allah),Abdullah (عبد الله "Worshipper of God"), or with one of theepithets of God.

As a mark of deference,ʿAbd is usually not conjoined with the prophet's names.[8] Nonetheless, such names are accepted in some areas. Its use is not exclusive to Muslims and throughout all Arab countries, the nameAbdel-Massih, "Servant of Christ", is a common Christian last name.

Converts to Islam may often continue using the native non-Arabic non-Islamic names that are without any polytheistic connotation, or association.

Arab Christian

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Generally,Arab Christians have names indistinguishable from Muslims, with the exception of some explicitly Islamic names, e.g.Muhammad. Some common Christian names are:

ʿAbd al-Yasuʿ (masc. ) /Amat al-Yasuʿ (fem.) ("Servant of Jesus")
ʿAbd al-Masiḥ (masc.) /Amat al-Masiḥ (fem.) ("Servant of theMessiah")
Derivations ofMaseeḥ ("Messiah"):Masūḥun ("Most Anointed"),Amsāḥ ("More Anointed"),Mamsūḥ "Anointed" andMusayḥ "Infant Christ". Theroot,M-S-Ḥ, means "to anoint" (as inmasah) and is cognate to theHebrewMashiah.

Dynastic or family name

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Some people, especially in the Arabian Peninsula, when descendant of a famous ancestor, start their last name withĀl "family, clan" (آل), like theHouse of Saudﺁل سعودĀl Suʻūd orAl ash-Sheikh ("family of thesheikh").Āl is distinct from thedefinite article (ال). If a reliably-sourced version of the Arabic spelling includesآل (as a separate graphic word), then this isnot a case of the definite article, soAl (capitalised and followed by a space, not a hyphen) should be used.Ahl, which has a similar meaning, is sometimes used and should be used if the Arabic spelling isأهل.

Dynasty membership alone doesnot necessarily imply that the dynasticآل is used – e.g.Bashar al-Assad.

ArabicMeaningTransliterationExample
ال'the'al-Maytham al-Tammar
آل'family'/'clan of'AlBandar bin Abdulaziz Al Saud
أهل'tribe'/'people of'AhlAhl al-Bayt

Example

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محمد بن سلمان بن أمین الفارسي
Muḥammad ibn Salmān ibn Amīn al-Fārisī

Ism – Muḥammad (proper name,lit. "praised")
Nasab – Salmān (father's name, lit. "secure")
Nasab – Amīn (grandfather's name, "trustworthy")
Nisbah – al-Fārisī ("the Persian").

"Muḥammad, son of Salmān, son of Amīn, the Persian"

This person would simply be referred to as "Muḥammad" or by hiskunya, which relates him to his first-born son, e.g.Abū Karīm "father of Karīm". To signify respect or to specify which Muḥammad one is speaking about, the name could be lengthened to the extent necessary or desired.

Common mistakes

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Non-Arabic speakers often make these mistakes:

  • Separating "the X of Y" word combinations (seeiḍāfah):
    • With "Abdul": Arabic names may be written "Abdul (something)", but "Abdul" means "servant of the" or "follower of the" and is not, by itself, a name. Thus for example, to address Abdul-Rahman bin Omar al-Ahmad by his given name, one says "Abdul-Rahman", not merely "Abdul". If he introduces himself as "Abdul-Rahman" (which means "the servant of the Merciful"), one does not say "Mr. Rahman" (as "Rahman" is not a family name but part of histheophoric personal name); instead it would be Mr. al-Ahmad, the latter being the family name. Therefore, it is better to write "Abdul Rahman" as "abdu r-rahmān" and "abdul ghafār" as "abdu l-ghafār" .
    • People not familiar with Arabicsandhi iniḍāfah:Habībullāh = "beloved (Habīb) of God (Allāh)"; here a person may in error report the man's name as "forenameHabib, surnameUllah". Likewise, people may confuse a name such as Jalālu-d-dīn ("The majesty of the religion") as being "Jalal Uddin", or "Mr. Uddin", when "Uddin" is not a surname, but the second half of a two-word name (the desinence-u of theconstruct state nominative, plus thearticle, appearing as-d-, plus the genitivedīn[i]). To add to the confusion, some immigrants to Western countries have adopted Uddin as a surname, although it is grammatically incorrect in Arabic outside the context of the associated "first name". EvenIndian Muslims commit the same error. If a person's name is Abd-ul-Rahim ("servant ofthe Merciful"), others may call him Mr. Abdul ("servant of the") which would sound quite odd to a native speaker of Arabic.
  • Not distinguishingʻalāʾ fromAllah: Some Muslim names include the Arabic wordʻalāʾ (علاء "nobility"). Here, ⟨ʻ⟩ represents theayin, avoiced pharyngeal fricative, ⟨ʾ⟩ represents thehamza, aglottal stop, and ⟨l⟩ is spelled and pronounced at ordinary length, /l/. InAllāh, thel is written twice (⟨ll⟩) and pronounced twice as long (ageminate), as /l/ or /ll/. In Arabic pronunciation,ʻalāʾ andAllāh are clearly different. ButEuropeans,Iranians, andIndians may not pronounce some Arabic sounds as a native Arabic speaker would, and thus tend to pronounce them identically. For example, the nameʻAlāʾ al-dīn (Aladdin, "the Nobility of the Faith") is sometimes misspelled asAllāh al-dīn by Europeans and Indians.[citation needed] There is another nameʻAlaʾ-Allah (Aliullah, "the Nobility of God"), which uses both distinctly. Therefore, the name "علاء" must be written in Latin in the form of "Halāʾ " or "Halaa'e" to differentiate it between “Allāh” the name of God in Arabic , and also the female name آلاء “Ālāʾ ” (Alaa'e) Which means "blessings" (God's blessings).
  • Takingbin oribn for a middle name: As stated above, these words indicate the order of the family chain. English-speakers often confuse them with middle names, especially when they are written as "Ben", as it is the case in some countries. For example, Sami Ben Ahmed would be mistakenly addressed as Mr. Ben Ahmed. To correctly address the person, one should use Mr. Sami or Mr. Sami Ben Ahmed.
  • Grammar: As between all languages, there are differences between Arabic grammar and the grammar of other languages. Arabic forms noun compounds in the opposite order from Indo-Iranian languages, for example. During the war inAfghanistan in 2002, aBBC team found inKabul aninternally displaced person whose name they stated as "Allah Muhammad". This may be a misspelling forʻalāʾ, for if not, by the rules of Arabic grammar, this name means "the Allah who belongs to Muhammad", which, assuming the person is anArabic speakingMuslim would be unacceptable religiously. However, by the rules ofIranian languages and mostlanguages of India, this name does mean "Muhammad who belongs to Allah", being the equivalent of the Arabic "Muhammadullah".Most Afghans speak Iranian languages. Such Perso-Arab or Indo-Arab multilingual compound names are not uncommon in Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Iran, Pakistan and Tajikistan. There is, for example, the Punjabi nameAllah-Ditta which joins the ArabicAllah with the PunjabiDitta "given".

Arab family naming convention

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Conventionally, in Arab culture, as in many parts of the world, a person's ancestry and family name are very important. An example is explained below.

Assume a man is calledSaleh ibn Tariq ibn Khalid al-Fulan.

  • Saleh is his personal name, and the one that his family and friends would call him by.
  • ibn andbin translates as "son of", soTariq is Saleh's father's name.
  • ibn Khalid means that Tariq is the son of Khalid, making Khalid the paternal grandfather of Saleh.
  • al-Fulan would be Saleh's family name.

Hence,Saleh ibn Tariq ibn Khalid al-Fulan translates as "Saleh, son of Tariq, son of Khalid; who is of the family of al-Fulan."

The Arabic for "daughter of" isbint. A woman with the nameFatimah bint Abdullah ibn Omar al-Rashid translates as "Fatimah, daughter of Abdullah, son of Omar; who is of the family al-Rashid."

In this case, ibn and bint are included in the official naming. Most Arab countries today, however, do not use 'ibn' and 'bint' in their naming system. If Saleh were an Egyptian, he would be calledSaleh Tariq Khalid al-Fulan and Fatimah would beFatimah Abdullah Omar al-Rashid.

If Saleh marries a wife (who would keep her ownmaiden, family, and surnames), their children will take Saleh's family name. Therefore, their son Mohammed would be calledMohammed ibn Saleh ibn Tariq al-Fulan, notMohammed ibn Saleh ibn Tariq ibn Khalid al-Fulan (too long).

However, not all Arab countries use the name in its full length, but conventionally use two- and three-word names, and sometimes four-word names in official or legal matters. Thus the first name is the personal name, the middle name is the father's name and the last name is the father's family name.

Biblical names and their Arabic equivalent

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The Arabic names listed below are used in the Arab world with correspondent Hebrew, English,Syriac and Greek equivalents in many cases. Most are derived from Syriac transliterations of the Hebrew Bible.

Arabic nameHebrew nameEnglish nameSyriac nameGreek name
ʿĀbir /ʾĪbir عابر / إيبرÉver
ʻĒḇer עֵבֶר		Eberܥܵܒ݂ܵܪʿĀḇār
Alyasaʿ اليسع
Elisha
Elišaʿ אֱלִישָׁע		ElishaܐܹܠܝܼܫܲܥĒlīšaʿἘλισσαῖος
ʿĀmūs عاموسAmos
ʿĀmōs עָמוֹס		AmosܥܵܡܘܿܣʿĀmōsἈμώς
Andrāwus أندراوسAndrewܐܲܢܕܪܹܐܘܿܣAndrēōsἈνδρέας
ʾĀsif آصفAsaph
ʾĀsaf אָסָף		AsaphܐܵܣܵܦʾĀsāp
ʾAyyūb أيّوبIyov / Iov
Iyyov / Iyyôḇ איוב		Jobܐܝܼܘܿܒ݂ĪyōḇἸώβ
ʾĀzar
Āzar / Taraḥ آزر / تارح		Téraḥ / Tharakh תֶּרַח / תָּרַחTerahܬܲܪܚTar(ə)ḥΘάρα
Azarīyā أزرياAzaryah עֲזַרְיָהוּAzariahܥܲܙܲܪܝܵܐAzar(ə)yā
Barthulmāwus بَرثُولَماوُس
bar-Tôlmay בר-תולמיBartholomewܒܲܪ ܬܘܼܠܡܲܝBar-TūlmayΒαρθολομαῖος
Baraka
Bārak بارك		Barukh
Bārûḵ בָּרוּךְ		Baruchܒܵܪܘܿܟ݂BārōḵΒαρούχ
Binyāmīn بنيامينBinyamin
Binyāmîn בִּנְיָמִין		BenjaminܒܸܢܝܵܡܹܝܢBenyāmēnΒενιαμίν
Būlus بولسPaulܦܲܘܠܘܿܣPawlōsΠαῦλος
Butrus بطرسPeterܦܸܛܪܘܿܣPeṭrōsΠέτρος
Dabūrāh دبوراهDvora
Dəḇôrā דְּבוֹרָה		Deborahܕܒ݂ܘܿܪܵܐD(ə)ḇōrāΔεββώρα
Dānyāl دانيالDaniel
Dāniyyêl דָּנִיֵּאל		DanielܕܵܢܝܼܐܹܝܠDānīyyēlΔανιήλ
Dāwud / Dāwūd / Dāʾūd داود / داوُود / داؤودDavid
Davīd  דָּוִד		Davidܕܵܘܝܼܕ݂DāwīḏΔαυίδ, Δαβίδ
Fīlīb/Fīlībus فيليب / فيليبوسPhilipܦܝܼܠܝܼܦܘܿܣPīlīpōsΦίλιππος
Fāris فارصPéreẓ
Pāreẓ פֶּרֶץ / פָּרֶץ		PerezܦܲܪܨParṣ
ʾIfrāym إفرايمEfraim
Efráyim אֶפְרַיִם/אֶפְרָיִם		EphraimܐܲܦܪܹܝܡAp̄rēmἘφραίμ
Ḥūbāb حُوبَابَChobab
Ḥovav חֹבָב		Hobab
Ḥabaqūq حبقوقḤavaqquq חֲבַקּוּקHabakkukἈββακούμ
Ḥajjai حجايḤaggay חַגַּיHaggaiἉγγαῖος
Ānnāh آنّاه
Ḥannāh חַנָּהAnna (Bible)Ἄννα
Hārūn هارونAharon אהרןAaronἈαρών
Ḥawwāʾ حواءChava / Hava
Ḥavvah חַוָּה		Eveܚܘܐ Hwuh*/Khwuh*Εὔα
Hūshaʾ هوشعHoshea
Hôšēăʻ הושע		HoseaὩσηέ
Ḥassan حسنChoshen
ẖošen חֹשֶׁן		Hassan
Ḥazqiyāl حزقيال
Y'khez'qel 
Y'ḥez'qel יְחֶזְקֵאל		EzekielἸεζεκιήλ
ʾIbrāhīm إبراهيمAvraham אַבְרָהָםAbrahamἈβραάμ
Idrees / Akhnookh
Idrīs / Akhnūkh أخنوخ / إدريس		H̱anokh חֲנוֹךְEnoch /IdrisἙνώχ
ʾIlyās / ʾIlyāsīn / Īliyā إلياس / إل ياسين / إيليا
Eliahu / Eliyahu
Eliyahu אֱלִיָּהוּ		Elijah'EliyaἨλίας
ʾImrān عمرام / عمرانAmrām עַמְרָםAmramἈμράμ
ʾIrmiyā إرمياYirməyāhū יִרְמְיָהוּJeremiahἹερεμίας

ʿĪsā / Yasūʿ عيسى / يسوع		Yeshua
Yešuaʿ   יֵשׁוּעַ / יֵשׁוּ		JesusEeshoʿἸησοῦς
Ǧūšiyā جوشيا
Yôšiyyāhû יֹאשִׁיָּהוּJosiahΙωσιας
ʾIsḥāq إسحاق
Yitzhak / Yitzchak
Yitsḥaq יִצְחָק		IsaacἸσαάκ
ʾIshʻiyāʾ إشعياYeshayahu
Yəšạʻyā́hû יְשַׁעְיָהוּ		IsaiahἨσαΐας
Ismail
ʾIsmāʿīl إسماعيل
Yishmael
Yišmaʿel / Yišmāʿêl יִשְׁמָעֵאל		IshmaelἸσμαήλ
ʾIsrāʾīl إِسرائيل
Israel / Yisrael
Yisraʾel / Yiśrāʾēl ישראל		IsraelἸσραήλ
Ǧibrīl / Gibril / Ǧibra'īl جِبْريل / جَبْرائيلGavriel
Gavriʾel גַבְרִיאֵל		GabrielΓαβριήλ
Ǧād / Jād جادGad גָּדGadΓάδ
Ǧālūt / Jālūt / Julyāt جالوت / جلياتGolyāṯ גָּלְיָתGoliathΓολιάθ
Ǧašam / Ǧūšām جشم / جوشام
Geshem גֶשֶׁםGeshem (Bible)Gashmu
Ǧūrğ / Ǧirğis / Ǧurğ / Ǧurayğ جيرجسGeorge (given name)Γεώργιος
Kilāb / Kalb كلاب/ كلبKalev כָּלֵבCaleb
Lāwī لاويLēvî לֵּוִיLeviΛευΐ
Layā'لياLeah לֵאָהLeahΛεία
Madyān مدينMidian מִדְיָןMidianΜαδιάμ
Majdalā مجدليةMigdalMagdaleneMagdalaΜαγδαληνή
Māliki-Ṣādiq ملكي صادقmalki-ṣédeq מַלְכִּי־צֶדֶֿקMelchizedekΜελχισεδέκ
Malākhī ملاخيMal'akhi מַלְאָכִיMalachiΜαλαχίας
Maryam / Miriam مريمMiriam / Miryam
Miryam מרים		MaryܡܪܝܡΜαρία
Mattūshalakh مَتُّوشَلَخَMətušélaḥ
Mətušálaḥ מְתֿוּשָלַח		MethuselahΜαθουσάλας
MattāAmittai אֲמִתַּיAmittai
Mattā / Matatiyā متى / متتياMatitiahu / Matityahu
Matityahu מַתִּתְיָהוּ		MatthewMattaiΜατθαῖος
  Mikāʼīl / Mikaal / Mikhāʼīl ميكائيل / ميكال / ميخائيل
Michael / Mikhael
Miḵaʾel מִיכָאֵל		MichaelΜιχαήλ
Mūsā موسىMoshe
Mošé מֹשֶׁה		MosesΜωυσῆς
Nahamiyyā نحمياNeḥemyah נְחֶמְיָהNehemiahΝεεμίας
Nūḥ نُوحNoach / Noah
Nóaḥ נוֹחַ		NoahΝῶε
Qarūn / Qūraḥ قارون / قورحKórakh
Qōraḥ קֹרַח		Korah
Rāḥīl راحيلRakhél
Raḥel רָחֵל		RachelΡαχήλ
Ṣafnīyā صفنياTzfanya  / Ṣəp̄anyā
Tsfanya צְפַנְיָה		ZephaniahΣωφονίας
Ṣaffūrah صفورة
Tzipora  / Tsippora
Ṣippôrā צִפוֹרָה		ZipporahΣεπφώρα
Sām سام
Shem שֵםShemΣήμ
Sāmirī سامريZimri זִמְרִיZimriZamri
Samuel
Ṣamu’īl / Ṣamawāl صموئيل / صموال		Shmu'el / Šəmûʼēl
Shmu'el שְׁמוּאֶל		SamuelΣαμουήλ
Sārah سارةSara / Sarah
Sarā שָׂרָה		Sarah / SaraΣάρα
Shamshūn شمشونShimshon / Šimšôn
Shimshon שִׁמְשׁוֹן		SamsonΣαμψών
Suleiman
Sulaymān /  سليمان		Shlomo
Šlomo שְׁלֹמֹה		SolomonΣολομών
Saul
Ṭālūt / Šāwul طالوت / شاول		Sha'ul
Šāʼûl שָׁאוּל		SaulΣαούλ
Ṭūmās/Tūmā طوماس / توما
Thomas (name)Te'omaΘωμᾶς
Obaidullah
ʻUbaydallāh / ʻUbaydiyyā عبيد الله / عبيدييا		Ovadia
ʻOvádyah /ʻOvádyah עבדיה		ObadiahὉβαδίας, Ἀβδιού
ʻAmri عمريOmri
ʻOmri עמרי		Omri
ʻUzāir عُزَيْرٌEzra
Ezrá עזרא		Ezra
Yaʿqūb يَعْقُوبYaakov
Yaʿaqov יַעֲקֹב		Jacob, (James)Ἰακώβ
Yaḥyā /Yūḥannā** يحيى / يوحناYochanan / Yohanan
Yôḥānnān יוחנן		JohnἸωάννης
Yahwah يهوه
YHWH
Yahweh יְהֹוָה		Jehovahܝܗܘܗ, ܝܗ, ܞYH, YHWH
Yessa
Yashshā يَسَّى		Yishay יִשַׁיJesseἸεσσαί
Yathrun (?)
Yathrun / Shu'ayb / شعيب		Yitro
Yiṯrô יִתְרוֹ		Jethro
You'il
Yūʾīl يوئيل		Yoel יואל)JoelἸωήλ
Younos / Younes
 / Yūnus/Yūnān يونس
/يونان.		Yona / Yonah
Yônā יוֹנָה		JonahYunaἸωνάς
Youssof / Youssef
Yūsuf /  يوسف		Yosef יוֹסֵףJosephܝܲܘܣܸܦYawsep̄Ἰωσήφ
Youshaʿ
Yūshaʿ / Yashūʿ يُوشَعُ / يَشُوعُ		Yĕhôshúa
Yôshúa יְהוֹשֻׁעַ		JoshuaἸησοῦς
Zakaria
Zakariyyā / Zakarīyā زَكَرِيَّا		Zecharia /Zekharia
Zeḵaryah זְכַרְיָה		Zachary or ZechariahΖαχαρίας
  • The popular romanization of the Arabized and Hebrew names are written first, then the standardized romanization are written in oblique. Arabized names may have variants.
  • If a literal Arabic translation of a name exists, it will be placed after the final standardized romanization.
  • If an Arabic correlation is ambiguous,(?) will be placed following the name in question.
    * Yasu' is the Arab Christian name, whileʿĪsā is the Muslim version of the name, as used in theQur'an. There is debate as to which is the better rendition of the Aramaic Ishuʿ, because both names are of late origin.
    ** Yuhanna is the Arab Christian name of John, while Yahya is the Muslim version of the name, as used in the Qur'an. They have completely different triconsonantal roots:Ḥ-N-N ("grace") vsḤ-Y-Y ("Life"). Specifically, Youhanna may be the Biblical John the Baptist or the apostle. Yahya refers specifically to John the Baptist.
  • El, the Hebrew word for strength/might or deity, is usually represented asīl in Arabic, although it carries no meaning in classical and modern Arabic. The only exception is its usage in theIraqi Arabic.

Arabic names in English

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Often Arabic names can be spelled multiple ways in English, and sometimes a person's name may be treated inconsistently.[9]

Indexing

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According to theChicago Manual of Style, Arabic names areindexed by their surnames. Names may be alphabetized underAbu,Abd andibn, while names are not alphabetized underal- andel- and are instead alphabetized under the following element.[10]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^Fischer, Wolfdietrich (15 May 1995)."Arabische Personennamen". In Eichler, Ernst; Hilty, Gerold; Löffler, Heinrich; Steger, Hugo; Zgusta, Ladislav (eds.).Namenforschung [Name Studies]. Walter de Gruyter. pp. 873–875.ISBN 978-3-11-011426-3.
  2. ^Mohammadi, Adeel (2016)."The Ambiguity of Maternal Filiation (nasab) in Early and Medieval Islam".The Graduate Journal of Harvard Divinity School (11):52–68.
  3. ^Wehr, Hans (1976). Cowan, J Milton (ed.).A Dictionary Of Modern Written Arabic Hans (3rd ed.). Spoken Language Services, Inc. p. 873.ISBN 0-87950-001-8.
  4. ^abBosworth, Clifford Edmund (1986)."Laḳab". InBosworth, C. E.;van Donzel, E.;Lewis, B. &Pellat, Ch. (eds.).The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition.Volume V: Khe–Mahi. Leiden: E. J. Brill.doi:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_0563.ISBN 978-90-04-07819-2.
  5. ^Bearman, P.;Bianquis, Th.;Bosworth, C.E.;van Donzel, E.;Heinrichs, W.P., eds. (1960–2007). "Ism".Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition.doi:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_3641.
  6. ^Shahpurshah Hormasji Hodivala, Historical Studies in Mug̲h̲al Numismatics, Numismatic Society of India, 1976 (Reprint of the 1923 ed.)
  7. ^Pedzisai Mashiri,"Terms of Address in Shona: A Sociolinguistic Approach",Zambezia, XXVI (i), pp. 93–110, 1999
  8. ^Metcalf, Barbara D. (8 September 2009).Islam in South Asia in Practice. Princeton University Press. p. 344.ISBN 978-1-4008-3138-8.One must avoid names whose ambiguity suggests something unlawful. It is for this reason that the scholars forbid having names like 'Abd al-Nabi (Slave of the Prophet).
  9. ^Notzon, Beth; Nesom, Gayle (February 2005)."The Arabic Naming System"(PDF).Science Editor.28 (1):20–21.ISSN 1535-5365.
  10. ^"Indexes: A Chapter from The Chicago Manual of Style" (Archive).Chicago Manual of Style. Retrieved on December 23, 2014. p. 25 (PDF document p. 27/56).

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