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Landtag of Bavaria Bayerischer Landtag | |
|---|---|
| 19. Bayerischer Landtag 19th Bavarian State Parliament | |
 | |
 | |
| Type | |
| Type | |
| Established | 4 February 1819 (1311) |
| Leadership | |
| Structure | |
| Seats | 203 |
.svg) | |
Political groups | Government (122) Opposition (81) |
| Elections | |
Last election | 8 October 2023 |
Next election | 2028 |
| Meeting place | |
 | |
| Maximilianeum,Munich | |
| Website | |
| www.bayern.landtag.de/ | |
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|---|
Constitution |
Legislature |
TheLandtag of Bavaria, officially known in English as theBavarian State Parliament,[1] is theunicameral legislature of the Germanstate ofBavaria. The parliament meets in theMaximilianeum in Munich.
Elections to theLandtag are held every five years[2] and have to be conducted on a Sunday or public holiday.[3] The following elections have to be held no earlier than 59 months and no later than 62 months after the previous one,[4] unless the Landtag is dissolved. Themost recent elections to the Bavarian Landtag were held on 8 October 2023.
Bavaria's current state government, thethird Söder cabinet, was formed after the 2023 election and is a coalition of theChristian Social Union (CSU) and theFree Voters (FW). An identical coalition was in power as thesecond Söder cabinet between 2018 and 2023.Markus Söder has beenMinister-President of Bavaria since March 2018, when he succeededHorst Seehofer.
TheLandtag of Bavaria was founded in 1818, in theKingdom of Bavaria. The first assembly was held on 4 February 1819. Originally it was called theStändeversammlung and was divided into an upper house, theKammer der Reichsräte (House of Councillors), and a lower house, theKammer der Abgeordneten [de] (House of Representatives). With the act to reform the election of the representatives in 1848 theStändeversammlung was de facto renamed theLandtag (state diet). The name Landtag was used occasionally before this act.
In theWeimar Republic, from 1919 on, under theBamberg Constitution [de], the upper house of theLandtag was abolished and its lower house became a unicameral democratic elected assembly. After theNazi seizure of power in 1933, theLandtag underwentGleichschaltung like all German state parliaments. It was dissolved on 30 January 1934 as a result of the "Law on the Reconstruction of the Reich".[5]
After theSecond World War, the newConstitution of Bavaria was enacted and the first newLandtag elections took place on 1 December 1946. Between 1946 and 1999 there was again an upper house, theSenate of Bavaria. The CSU has dominated the BavarianLandtag for nearly the entire post-war period.
The CSU's2003 election victory was the first time in the history of theFederal Republic of Germany that any party had won a two-thirds majority of seats in an assembly at any level.[6] Five years later in2008, the CSU saw a stunning reversal of fortunes, and failed to win a majority of seats in Bavaria for the first time in 46 years. In the aftermath of this result, the SPD floated the idea that the four other parties should all unite to form a government excluding the CSU, as it had "lost its mandate to lead": however, the FDP were not interested, and opted to form a coalition with the CSU.
Like theBundestag at the federal level, the BavarianLandtag is elected throughmixed-member proportional representation. There are at least 180 seats, but more are sometimes added asoverhang andleveling seats.
As of the 2018 and 2023 elections, the state is divided into 91 electoral districts, which each elect one representative in the same manner as underfirst-past-the-post. To achieve a proportional result, another 89 seats are elected onopen party lists in the 7administrative regions of the state, which theConstitution of Bavaria define as constituencies. Seats are assigned to each constituency based on population. The 89 seats are allocated to the parties such that, also taking into account the 91 districts seats, each party is represented in proportion to its share of the vote in the constituencies. On election day, people vote separately for a candidate in their electoral districts (called the "first vote") and for a candidate in their constituency (called the "second vote").[7]
As of the 2018 and 2023 elections, seats are assigned to the constituency as follows:
| Constituency | Single-member districts | Seats[notes 1] |
|---|---|---|
| Lower Bavaria | 9 | 18 |
| Lower Franconia | 10 | 19 |
| Middle Franconia | 12 | 24 |
| Swabia | 13 | 26 |
| Upper Bavaria | 31 | 61 |
| Upper Franconia | 8 | 16 |
| Upper Palatinate | 8 | 16 |
| Total | 91 | 180 |
| Year | CSU | SPD | B'90/Grüne | AfD | Linke | BP | FDP | FW | BHE DG | GB BHE | KPD | NPD | ÖDP | REP | WAV |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1946 Jun | 58.2 | 28.8 | — | — | — | — | 2.5 | — | — | — | 5.3 | — | — | — | 5.1 |
| 1946 Dec | 52.3 | 28.6 | — | — | — | — | 5.7 | — | — | — | 6.1 | — | — | — | 7.4 |
| 1950 | 27.4 | 28.0 | — | — | — | 17.9 | 7.1 | — | 12.3 | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1954 | 38.0 | 28.1 | — | — | — | 13.2 | 7.2 | — | — | 10.2 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1958 | 45.6 | 30.8 | — | — | — | 8.1 | 5.6 | — | — | 8.6 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1962 | 47.5 | 35.3 | — | — | — | 4.8 | 5.9 | — | — | 5.1 | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1966 | 48.1 | 35.8 | — | — | — | 3.2 | 5.1 | — | — | — | — | 7.4 | — | — | — |
| 1970 | 56.4 | 33.3 | — | — | — | 1.3 | 5.6 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1974 | 62.1 | 30.2 | — | — | — | 0.8 | 5.2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1978 | 59.1 | 31.4 | — | — | — | 0.4 | 6.2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 1982 | 58.3 | 31.9 | 4.6 | — | — | 0.5 | 3.5 | — | — | — | — | — | 0.4 | — | — |
| 1986 | 55.8 | 27.5 | 7.5 | — | — | 0.6 | 3.8 | — | — | — | — | — | 0.7 | 3.0 | — |
| 1990 | 54.9 | 26.0 | 6.4 | — | — | 0.8 | 5.2 | — | — | — | — | — | 1.7 | 4.9 | — |
| 1994 | 52.8 | 30.0 | 6.1 | — | — | 1.0 | 2.8 | — | — | — | — | — | 2.1 | 3.9 | — |
| 1998 | 52.9 | 28.7 | 5.7 | — | — | 0.7 | 1.7 | 3.7 | — | — | — | — | 1.8 | 3.6 | — |
| 2003 | 60.7 | 19.6 | 7.7 | — | — | 0.8 | 2.6 | 4.0 | — | — | — | — | 2.0 | 2.2 | — |
| 2008 | 43.4 | 18.6 | 9.4 | — | 4.3 | 1.1 | 8.0 | 10.2 | — | — | — | 1.2 | 2.0 | 1.4 | — |
| 2013 | 47.7 | 20.6 | 8.6 | — | 2.1 | 2.1 | 3.3 | 9.0 | — | — | — | 0.6 | 2.0 | 1.0 | — |
| 2018 | 37.2 | 9.7 | 17.6 | 10.2 | 3.2 | 1.7 | 5.1 | 11.6 | — | — | — | — | 1.6 | — | — |
| 2023 | 37.0 | 8.4 | 14.4 | 14.6 | 1.5 | 0.9 | 3.0 | 15.8 | — | — | — | — | 1.8 | — | — |
Bold=Largest Party in Landtag
Source:"Election Results 1946-2018"(PDF). Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 15 March 2023. Retrieved21 December 2022.
Parties:
48°08′11″N11°35′40″E / 48.13639°N 11.59444°E /48.13639; 11.59444
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