This article is about the city in Bavaria. For the city known in German as "Landeshut", seeKamienna Góra. For the city known in German as "Landshut", seeŁańcut. For other uses, seeLandshut (disambiguation).
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Landshut (German:[ˈlantshuːt]ⓘ;[2]Bavarian:Landshuad) is a town inBavaria, Germany, on the banks of theRiver Isar. Landshut is the capital ofLower Bavaria, one of the seven administrative regions of the Free State of Bavaria, and the seat of the surrounding district. With a population of more than 75,000, Landshut is the largest city in Lower Bavaria.[citation needed]
Landshut lies in theAlpine foothills. TheRiver Isar runs through the city and splits in two in the city centre. Most of the built-up area lies on the flat terraced deposits of the river. The Isar divides the town into three areas: the northern part above the river belongs to the Isar-Danube hill country, the Mühleninsel in the city centre lies between both arms of the Isar, and the southern part below the river belongs to the Isar-Inn hill country. The southern part of the town is delimited by a chain of hills, some of which rise steeply, of which the Hofberg, where theTrausnitz Castle is located, forms the highest point in the city area at a height of 505 meters above sea level.
Landshut is situated betweenMunich (70 kilometers southwest) andRegensburg (70 kilometers to the north). Other nearby towns areStraubing (75 km northeast),Deggendorf (75 km to the east), andPassau at the German-Austrian border (120 km to the east). The town's spread is limited to the north byErgolding, to the northwest byAltdorf, and to the south byKumhausen. The three smaller towns join Landshut to form a built-up area of around 100,000 people but are not incorporated into Landshut proper.
The town andTrausnitz Castle were founded in 1204 byDuke Louis I, when a settlement developed around the castle. Landshut was aWittelsbach residence by 1231, and in 1255, when the duchy of Bavaria was split in two, Landshut also became the capital of Lower Bavaria. DukeHenry XVI was the first of the three 'rich dukes' who ruledBayern-Landshut in the 15th century. The wedding of DukeGeorge with the Polish Princess RoyalJadwiga Jagiellon in 1475 was celebrated in Landshut with one of the most splendid festivals of the Middle Ages (Landshut Wedding). After his death and theLandshut War of Succession, Bavaria-Landshut was reunited withBavaria-Munich.
Between 1537 and 1543, after his visit to Italy,Louis X, Duke of Bavaria built the Landshut Residence, the firstRenaissance palace constructed north of the Alps. It was modeled afterPalazzo Te inMantua.William V, Duke of Bavaria ordered to upgradeTrausnitz Castle from a gothic fortification into a Renaissance complex when he lived in Landshut as crown prince for ten years until 1579. Afterwards, Landshut lost most of its importance until theUniversity of Ingolstadt was moved to Landshut in 1800. However, in 1826 the university was transferred to Munich.
During theThirty Years' War, the city was thrice (1632, 1634 and 1648) taken and plundered by Swedish forces.[3]
The town is of architectural importance because of its predominantlyGothic architecture within the historic town centre, especiallyTrausnitz Castle and theChurch of Saint Martin featuring the world's tallest church brick tower. Among other Gothic architecture are the churches of St. Jodok and Holy Spirit, but also the Town Hall and theLändtor, the only still existing gate of the medieval fortification.
TheRenaissance era produced in particular the decorated inner courtyard of theTrausnitz Castle and the ducalLandshut Residence in the inner town. Baroque churches are represented by the Jesuit churchSt. Ignatius, the Dominican churchSt. Blasius and the churchSt. Joseph. Also, the medieval churches of theSeligenthal convent and of the Cistercians were redesigned in baroque style. Many old middle-class houses of the past in the Old Town still represent the history of the town from the Gothic times to the Neo-Classicism.
