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Lancia 1ZM

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Italian armoured car

Lancia 1ZM
Lancia Ansaldo 1Z in October 1918
Type	Armoured car
Place of origin	Italy
Service history
Used by	Italy, Austro-Hungary
Wars	World War I Second Italo-Ethiopian War Spanish Civil War World War IIWorld War I.
Production history
Manufacturer	Ansaldo forLancia
Produced	1914 (1Z), 1918 (1ZM)
No. built	10 (1Z), 110 (1ZM)
Specifications
Mass	3.70 tonnes
Length	5.40 m (17 ft 9 in)
Width	1.824 m (5 ft 11.8 in)
Height	2.40 m (7 ft 10 in) with single turret
Crew	6

Armour	9 mm
Main armament	Two 8 mm machine guns
Secondary armament	One 8 mm machine gun (1Z only)
Engine	One petrol engine. 35/40hp
Operational range	300 km (190 mi)
Maximum speed	60 km/h (37 mph) on-road.

TheLancia 1Z and theLancia 1ZM were two variations of an Italian armoured car built duringWorld War I and which saw limited service during that war, theinterwar period, and duringWorld War II. The name is often misspelled as Lancia IZM. During the First World War, the Austro-Hungarian Empire acquired a few units from the Italian front.

Design

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In 1916, the Lancia 1Z armoured car was built by Ansaldo of Italy.^[1] It was the most common of the early Italian armoured cars. Based on a Lancia truck, the armoured car was an advanced design for its day. For firepower the vehicle was equipped with twin turret mountedmachine guns. The initial ten vehicles featured a further small turret on top with yet another machine gun. This gave the vehicle considerable firepower for the time. As a result of experiences inWorld War I, steel rails were installed over the top of the vehicle for cutting wire.^[2] Having had good results with the early car, another production run of a slightly modified version (the Lancia 1ZM) or "Model 1918" was ordered. The major difference between the 1Z and 1ZM was that the 1ZM did not have the top turret with the extra machine gun.

The Lancia 1ZM was the second batch of Ansaldo-Lancia armoured cars built.^[3] 110 cars of the improved model were ordered in 1917 and all were delivered before the end of 1918. Sometimes difficult to identify from the original Lancia 1Z ("Model 1916"), the most obvious difference is the removal of the top machine gun turret. This left the 1ZM with just the one larger, twin machine gun turret. Other features that will help are that the first 1ZM's usually have two spare tyres mounted on the right side of the vehicle (on the 1Z they were under the rear). The cooling vents and front armour of the engine compartment are slightly different and there are fewer vision ports in the armoured crew compartment. The front bumpers were also simplified. However, some of the original 1Z series were modified to initial 1ZM standard by the removal of the extra top turret and up-dating the chassis. This makes it possible to find photos of 1ZM armoured cars with both 1Z and 1ZM features.American troops on theItalian Front during World War I trained with and used some of these vehicles.^[4]^{[self-published source?]}

In combat

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1Z armoured car during theBattle of Vittorio Veneto

Obsolete Lancia pressed into German service inYugoslavia, 1943 (Lancia 1ZM Panzerspähwagen, PK 501)

The Lancia 1Z/1ZM armoured car saw little combat inWorld War I due to the mountainous terrain in which theItalian Royal Army (Regio Esercito) fought. However, a few were deployed in the northern parts of the country where they saw combat against theAustro-Hungarian Army.^[5]^{[self-published source?]} A Lancia 1Z captured by the Austro-Hungarian Army was assigned, along with oneRomfell armoured car, twoJunovicz P.A.1 armored cars, a captured Isotta-Fraschini armored car and a capturedAustin armored car to K.u.K. Panzerautozug No.1 nearUdine in June 1918, where the unit saw little to no action.^[6]^[7]^[8]

After World War I, Lancia 1Z/1ZM armoured cars were sent toNorth Africa and toEast Africa for policing duties. A few cars were also sent to theAlbanian Kingdom where they were to form the sole armoured force of the country for many years. Some Lancia 1Z/1ZMs played a minor role during theItalian invasion and theoccupation of Ethiopia. Some Lancia 1Z/1ZMs were sent to Spain during theSpanish Civil War and were used by theItalian Corps of Volunteer Troops (Corpo Truppe Volontarie Italia, or CTV). These armoured cars were already hopelessly outdated by this point and performed poorly against theSpanish Republican forces.

An image of the only four Lancia 1ZMs located in the Italian concession of Tianjin lined up

A few obsolete Lancia 1Z/1ZM armoured cars were still in use with the Italian Royal Army duringWorld War II. In 1940 and 1941, several vehicles served with the Royal Army during theEast African Campaign. In some instances, operable machines were pressed into service by otherAxis forces after theArmistice of Cassibile in September 1943. In the service of the forces ofNazi Germany, the vehicle was identified as thePanzerspähwagen 1ZM (i). Four Lancia 1ZM were located in theItalian concession of Tianjin during theJapanese-Italian War.^[9]

Operators

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References

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^"Lancia Ansaldo IZ/IZM".Tank Encyclopedia. 2014-06-18. Retrieved2019-12-10.
^Imgur."Tank History (WWI): The Lancia 1Z & 1ZM".Imgur. Retrieved2019-12-10.
^"Lancia Ansaldo IZ / IZM Armored Car / Security Vehicle - Kingdom of Italy".www.militaryfactory.com. Retrieved2019-12-10.
^Merriam Press (2017-10-28).World War 2 In Review No. 25: Italian Fighting Vehicles. Lulu Press, Inc.ISBN 978-1-387-32816-1.
^Merriam Press (2017-10-28).World War 2 In Review No. 25: Italian Fighting Vehicles. Lulu Press, Inc.ISBN 978-1-387-32816-1.
^"Landships II".
^"Romfell Armored Car (P.A.2)".
^"Romfell". 7 August 2021.
^Esposito, Gabriele (2017).La presenza militare italiana in Cina, 1900-1943 (in Italian). Periodico telematico di Storia e Scienze Umane.

Bibliography

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Trewhitt, Philip (1999).Armored Fighting Vehicles. New York, NY: Amber Books. p. 151.ISBN 0-7607-1260-3.

Wikimedia Commons has media related toLancia 1Z.

v t e World War II armoured fighting vehicles ofItaly
Tankettes	L2/29 L3/33 L3/35 L3/38
Light tanks	Fiat 3000 L6/40
Medium tanks	M11/39 M13/40 M14/41 M15/42
Heavy tanks	P26/40
Self-propelled guns	Semovente da 47/32 Semovente da 75/18 Semovente da 75/34 Semovente da 75/46 Semovente da 90/53 Semovente da 105/25
Armoured cars	Lancia 1ZM AB 40 AB 41 AB 43 Lince AS.42
Armoured trucks	AS 37 Fiat 665NM protetto Fiat 665 NM Renault UE Chenillette (French) SPA Dovunque 35 protetto
Half-tracks	Breda 61
Experimental	Semovente da 20/70 quadruplo Semovente da 149/40 Caproni Vespa armoured car Carro Armato Celere Sahariano P40/43

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