| Peyton's Regiment of Foot 20th Regiment of Foot 20th (East Devonshire) Regiment of Foot Lancashire Fusiliers | |
|---|---|
 Cap badge of the Lancashire Fusiliers. | |
| Active | 1688–1968 |
| Country |  Kingdom of England (1688–1707) Kingdom of Great Britain (1707–1800) United Kingdom (1801–1968) |
| Branch |  British Army |
| Type | Line infantry |
| Role | Fusilier |
| Size | 1–2Regular battalions 2Militia andSpecial Reserve battalions 1–4Territorial andVolunteer battalions Up to 24 Hostilities-only battalions |
| Garrison/HQ | Wellington Barracks, Bury |
| Nicknames | The Two Tens The Minden Boys Kingsley's Stand The Young Fusiliers[1] |
| Motto | Omnia audax |
| Anniversaries | Gallipoli (25 April) Minden (1 August) Inkerman (5 November) |
| Insignia | |
| Hackle | Primrose |
TheLancashire Fusiliers was aline infantryregiment of theBritish Army that saw distinguished service through many years and wars, including theSecond Boer War, and theFirst andSecond World Wars. It had many different titles throughout its 280 years of existence.
In 1968 the regiment was amalgamated with the other regiments of theFusilier Brigade – theRoyal Northumberland Fusiliers,Royal Warwickshire Fusiliers and theRoyal Fusiliers (City of London Regiment) – to form the currentRoyal Regiment of Fusiliers.
By a commission dated 20 November 1688, the regiment was formed inTorbay, Devon under Sir Richard Peyton[2] asPeyton's Regiment of Foot. (Until 1751 the regiment's name changed according to the name of thecolonel commanding.) The regiment served in theGlorious Revolution underKing William III, and at theBattle of the Boyne in July 1690 and theBattle of Aughrim in 1691.[3] During theWar of the Spanish Succession (1701–1714), it aided in the capture of Spanish galleons atBattle of Vigo Bay in 1702.[4]
Under the command ofThomas Bligh, the regiment distinguished itself at theBattle of Dettingen in June 1743[5] and at theBattle of Fontenoy in May 1745.[6] Under the command ofEdward Cornwallis, the regiment also served at theBattle of Culloden in April 1746 during theJacobite rising of 1745.[7] In December 1748, Cornwallis established aFreemason's Lodge for the regiment, on the registry of theGrand Lodge of Ireland.[8]
In 1751, the regiment became the20th Regiment of Foot, often written in Roman numerals 'XX Foot', (hence the nicknameThe Two Tens). During theSeven Years' War the regiment earned honour at theBattle of Minden on 1 August 1759, when, as an infantry formation, they stood fast and broke aFrenchcavalry charge.[9] During theAmerican Revolutionary War, the regiment was sent toQuebec in April 1776 and assisted in the relief of Quebec in May 1776. Serving under GeneralJohn Burgoyne for the remainder of the Canadian campaign, they later surrendered along with General Burgoyne atSaratoga.[10]
The 20th Regiment of Foot was designated the20th (East Devonshire) Regiment of Foot in 1782.[11] The regiment embarked forHolland in August 1799 to take part in theAnglo-Russian invasion of Holland. It fought at theBattle of Krabbendam in September 1799[12] and theBattle of Alkmaar in October 1799.[13] It departed forEgypt in spring 1801 and saw action at theBattle of Alexandria in March 1801, during theFrench Revolutionary Wars.[14] After moving toCalabria, it took part in theBattle of Maida in July 1806 during theWar of the Third Coalition.[15]
The regiment embarked forPortugal in 1808 for service in thePeninsular War. It saw action at theBattle of Vimeiro in August 1808[16] and theBattle of Corunna in January 1809 before being evacuated home later that month.[17] The regiment returned to the Peninsula and fought at theBattle of Vitoria in June 1813, where it formed part of the "backbone" of theDuke of Wellington's forces.[18] It then pursued the French Army into France and took part in theBattle of the Pyrenees in July 1813,[19] theBattle of Nivelle in November 1813, and theBattle of Orthez in February 1814,[20] as well theBattle of Toulouse in April 1814.[21]
During theCrimean War, the regiment took part in theBattle of Alma in September 1854 and theBattle of Inkerman in November 1854.[22] The 2nd Battalion was raised in 1858.[11]
The regiment was not superficially affected by theCardwell Reforms of the 1870s – as it already possessed two battalions, there was no need for it to amalgamate with another regiment. However, in setting its depot atWellington Barracks inBury from 1873, it lost its West Country affiliations. This was exacerbated by theChilders reforms of 1881.[23] Under the reforms the regiment becameThe Lancashire Fusiliers on 1 July 1881.[24]
Under the new arrangements, each county regiment had twoMilitia battalions attached to it: these were found by the7th Royal Lancashire Militia (Rifles), raised in 1855 and recruited fromBury,Manchester andSalford. This formed the 3rd and 4th Battalions of the Lancashire Fusiliers. In addition,Rifle Volunteer Corps were attached to their local regiments. In 1883 the 8th Lancashire Rifle Volunteers (raised at Bury on 22 August 1859) became the 1st Volunteer Battalion, Lancashire Fusiliers, and the 12th Lancashire Rifle Volunteers (originally the 24th, raised atRochdale in February 1860) became the 2nd Volunteer Battalion. In 1886 the56th Lancashire Rifle Volunteers (raised at Salford on 5 March 1860) was transferred from theManchester Regiment to become the3rd Volunteer Battalion.[25][26][27]
In common with other regiments recruited from populous urban areas, the Lancashire Fusiliers raised two further regular battalions, the 3rd in 1898, and the 4th in March 1900. This necessitated adjustments to the numbers of the Militia battalions, which became the 5th and 6th battalions. However, the 3rd and 4th Regular battalions were disbanded in 1906.[11]
The 1st Battalion was stationed in Ireland from 1881 to September 1885, and again from April 1891 to 1897. In 1899 it was posted to Crete, and from 1901 at Malta.[28]
The 2nd Battalion was stationed inBritish India from 1881 to 1898. It was sent to Africa to take part in Kitchener's campaign to reconquer the Sudan and fought at theBattle of Omdurman.[29]
After a year at Malta, the battalion was posted to South Africa in December 1899, following the outbreak of theSecond Boer War two months earlier.[28]
During theSecond Boer War, the 2nd Battalion saw action at theBattle of Spion Kop in January 1900 and took part in theRelief of Ladysmith in February 1900.[30] The battalion served in South Africa throughout the war, which ended with thePeace of Vereeniging in June 1902.
About 570 officers and men leftCape Town on the SSBritannic in October that year. They were stationed atAldershot after their return to the United Kingdom.[31] The 5th and 6th (Militia) Battalions also served in South Africa, the 6th leaving with 650 men on 10 February 1900,[32] and later being involved in a sharp action atLuckhoff. The 5th battalion served in the last year of the war. The battalions were awarded the battle honoursSouth Africa 1900–01 (for the 6th) andSouth Africa 1901–02 (for the 5th).[33][34] All three Volunteer Battalions also found 'service companies' of volunteers who served alongside the Regulars, and gained the battle honourSouth Africa 1900–1902 for their battalions.[34]
Under theHaldane Reforms of 1908, the Militia were redesignated Special Reserve, with the dual wartime role of Home Defence and providing drafts for the Regular Battalions. The Lancashire Fusiliers' militia became3rd (Reserve) Battalion and4th (Extra Reserve) Battalion, both based at Bury. The volunteers now became theTerritorial Force (TF), with battalions numbered in sequence after the militia. Thus the 1st Volunteer Battalion atCastle Armoury in Bury became 5th Battalion, 2nd Volunteer Battalion atBaron Street in Rochdale became the 6th Battalion, and the3rd Volunteer Battalion formed the7th and 8th battalions both based atCross Lane in Salford.[26][35][36] These four battalions formed theLancashire Fusiliers Brigade, in theEast Lancashire Division of the TF, on the eve of the First World War.[37]
The 1st Battalion, which was based inKarachi in the early months of the war, returned to the United Kingdom in January 1915.[35][36] It was prominent at thelanding at Cape Helles on 25 April 1915 during theGallipoli Campaign as part of the86th Brigade in the29th Division. The shore had been silent but as the first boat landed, Ottoman small-arms fire swept the British and caused many casualties. SixVictoria Crosses were awarded to the 1st Battalion, Lancashire Fusiliers –'the six VCs before breakfast'. The landing spot (W Beach) was later known as 'Lancashire Landing'. The battalion were evacuated in January 1916 and landed atMarseille in March 1916. It saw action on theWestern Front.[35][36]
The 2nd Battalion landed atBoulogne as part of the12th Brigade in the4th Division in August 1914 and also saw action on the Western Front. Between November 1915 and February 1916, the brigade was part of36th (Ulster) Division before returning to the 4th Division.[35][36]
The3rd (Reserve) and4th (Extra Reserve) Battalions spent the whole war in England, the 3rd Bn in theHumber Garrison and the 4th initially atBarrow-in-Furness and later in theSevern Garrison. They fulfilled their dual role of coast defence and preparing reinforcement drafts of regular reservists, special reservists, recruits and returning wounded for the regular battalions serving overseas. Thousands of men would have passed through their ranks during the war. While atHull, the 3rd Battalion assisted in the formation of13th (Reserve) Battalion, Lancashire Fusiliers, fromKitchener's Army volunteers.[35][36]
Soon after the outbreak of war, the formation of Reserve or 2nd Line units for each existing TF unit was authorised. These units took the 'prefix '2/' while the parent battalions took '1/'. Eventually, both 1st and 2nd Line battalions went overseas and 3rd Line battalions were raised to supply recruits.[38][39]
The 1/5th Battalion, 1/6th Battalion,1/7th Battalion and 1/8th Battalion all landed at Cape Helles, as part of the125th (Lancashire Fusiliers) Brigade, in early May 1915. They took part in theSecond Battle of Krithia (6–8 May) under command of the29th Division. The brigade later rejoined the42nd (East Lancashire) Division for theThird Battle of Krithia andBattle of Krithia Vineyard.
Evacuated from Gallipoli in December 1915, these four battalions landed onMoudros and proceeded to Egypt. From there they were transferred to Marseille in February 1917 for service on the Western Front.[37][35][36][40][41][42]
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The 2/5th Battalion landed at Boulogne as part of the3rd Highland Brigade in theHighland Division in May 1915 for service on the Western Front.[35][36][41]
The 2/6th Battalion,2/7th Battalion and 2/8th Battalion all landed at Le Havre as part of the197th Brigade in the66th (2nd East Lancashire) Division in February 1917 also for service on the Western Front.[35][36][41][43]
The3/5th Battalion landed at Le Havre as part of same brigade in March 1917 also for service on the Western Front.[35][36][41]
After the losses incurred during theGerman spring offensive in March 1918, the remains of the 2/7th Bn were reduced to acadre and used to train newly arrivedUS Army units for trench warfare. The cadre returned to England and was reconstituted as24th Battalion. This was a training unit based atCromer until the end of the war.[35][36][41][43][44]
The 9th (Service) Battalion waded ashore in deep water and darkness atSuvla Bay[45] on the night of 6/7 August 1915, as part of34th Brigade of11th (Northern) Division, and were pinned down on the beach losing their commanding officer, Lieutenant-Colonel H. M. Welstead, and a number of officers.[41][42][46] Evacuated from Gallipoli in December 1915, it moved to Egypt and was then transferred to France in July 1916 for service on the Western Front.[35][36][41]
The 10th (Service) Battalion landed at Boulogne as part of the52nd Brigade in the17th (Northern) Division in July 1915 for service on the Western Front.[35][36]
The 11th (Service) Battalion landed at Boulogne in September 1915 as part of the74th Brigade of the25th Division;[35][36][41] the famous fantasy authorJ. R. R. Tolkien served with this battalion until contractingtrench fever during theBattle of the Somme in October 1916.[47]
The 12th (Service) Battalion landed at Boulogne as part of the65th Brigade in the22nd Division in September 1915 but moved with the Division toSalonika, arriving in November 1915 before moving to France for service on the Western Front in July 1918.[35][36][41]
The 15th (Service) Battalion (1st Salford) and 16th (Service) Battalion (2nd Salford) landed at Boulogne as part of the96th Brigade in the32nd Division in November 1915 also for service on the Western Front.[35][36][41]
The 17th (Service) Battalion (1st South East Lancashire) and 18th (Service) Battalion (2nd South East Lancashire) landed at Le Havre as part of the104th Brigade in the35th Division in January 1916 also for service on the Western Front.[35][36][41]
The 19th (Service) Battalion (3rd Salford) (Pioneers) landed at Le Havre as part of the96th Brigade in the32nd Division in November 1915 also for service on the Western Front.[35][36][41]
The 20th (Service) Battalion (4th Salford) landed at Le Havre as part of the104th Brigade in the35th Division in January 1916 also for service on the Western Front.[35][36][41]
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Awar memorial to the regiment, commissioned in honour of its First World War casualties, was erected outsideWellington Barracks in Bury, opposite the regimental headquarters. With the demolition of the barracks, the memorial was relocated to Gallipoli Garden in the town. It was designed bySir Edwin Lutyens, famous forthe Cenotaph in London, whose father and great uncle served in the Lancashire Fusiliers. After the amalgamation into the Royal Regiment of Fusiliers, the memorial was re-dedicated to all fusiliers killed in service.[48]
After recovering its numbers from the First World War, the 1st Battalion, Lancashire Fusiliers spent theinterwar period based in various garrisons around theBritish Empire. In 1939, upon the outbreak of theSecond World War, the battalion was based inBritish India. During theBurma Campaign, the 1st Battalion fought with various units until 1943 when it became aChindits formation with the77th Indian Infantry Brigade, which was commanded byBrigadierOrde Wingate. The battalion was involved in both major Chindit operations, suffering many casualties before the war ended.[49]
From the outbreak of war in 1939 to 1940, the 2nd Battalion, Lancashire Fusiliers was deployed with the11th Infantry Brigade, alongside the 1stEast Surreys and 1stOxford and Bucks Light Infantry (later replaced by the5th Northants). The brigade was part of the4th Infantry Division and was sent overseas in October 1939 to join theBritish Expeditionary Force (BEF). The 2nd Battalion fought against theGerman Army in the battles ofBelgium andFrance, until being forced toretreat to Dunkirk and wereevacuated back to the United Kingdom, where they stayed until late 1942, anticipating aGerman invasion. In June 1942, the 11th Brigade, of whom the 2nd Lancashire Fusiliers were a part, was transferred to the newly created78th Infantry Division. They then served in the final stages of theNorth African Campaign, theTunisian Campaign, where the 78thBattleaxe Division gained an excellent reputation, Medjez El Bab,Sicily, and theItalian Campaign (as part of theGothic Line). During the fighting in Italy,FusilierFrank Jefferson was awarded theVictoria Cross.[50]
A former member of the battalion, Wallace Jackson, died on Thursday, 12 November 2009 aged 89 years.[51][52]
The 1/5th Battalion was a 1st-LineTerritorial Army (TA) unit serving in the42nd (East Lancashire) Infantry Division with the 1/6th and 1/8th battalions in the125th Infantry brigade. They were sent to France in April 1940 to join the rest of theBritish Expeditionary Force (BEF) and fought in theBattle of Dunkirk and wereevacuated to Britain. In 1941, the battalion was converted to armour as the108th Regiment Royal Armoured Corps (Lancashire Fusiliers). Units converted in this way continued to wear their infantry cap badge on the black beret of theRoyal Armoured Corps.[53]
The 1/6th Battalion served alongside the 1/5th Battalion in France in April–June 1940 and were driven back to Dunkirk. In 1941, this 1st-Line TA Battalion was converted, like the 1/5th Battalion, to armour as109th Regiment Royal Armoured Corps.[53]
In 1936, the 7th Battalion was converted into39th (The Lancashire Fusiliers) Anti-Aircraft Battalion,Royal Engineers, based in Salford. After mobilising in August 1939 to defend potential targets such as theManchester Ship Canal andBarton Power Station during thePhoney War, it served in theOrkney Islands, guarding the Scapa Flow naval base. It returned to Lancashire in early 1941 to defendLiverpool during theMay Blitz.[54] In the summer of 1940, while serving in 53 Anti-Aircraft Brigade, covering the North Midlands, it was transferred as a Searchlight Regiment to theRoyal Artillery (the day of the actual transfer, 1 August (Minden Day), was considered auspicious by the battalion).[54][55][56][57][58] In May 1943, the regiment was reduced to acadre under its old title of 7th Bn LF and took no further part in the war, but several of its batteries continued an independent existence, continuing to wear the Lancashire Fusiliers badge and to celebrate Minden Day.[54][56][58] 354th and 357th Searchlight Batteries (the latter converted into 414th Light Anti-Aircraft Battery) defended Southern England againstV-1 flying bomb attacks in the summer of 1944 ('Operation Diver').356th Searchlight Battery took part inD-Day and was later converted into a 'Moonlight Battery' to provide 'movement light' or 'Monty's moonlight' to assist21st Army Group's night operations during the campaign inNorth West Europe.[59]
The 1/8th Battalion began the war in 125th Brigade with the 1/5th and 1/6th Battalions, but while in France with theBritish Expeditionary Force (BEF) it exchanged with the 1st Battalion,Border Regiment into the4th Infantry Brigade part of the2nd Infantry Division, as part of official BEF policy to mix the Regular and Territorial armies.[60] During theBattle of France, the 1/8th Lancashire Fusiliers, along with the 1st Battalion,Royal Scots and the 2nd BattalionRoyal Norfolk Regiment, were overrun on 26–27 May 1940 around the village of Locon, 2 kilometres north ofBethune, by advancing German troops. Several massacres of Allied prisoners took place shortly thereafter, such as theLe Paradis massacre, primarily by the GermanSS Totenkopf Division. Later, the battalion fought in theBurma Campaign and participated in many famous battles, such as theBattle of Kohima, serving in theBritish Fourteenth Army underBill Slim.[61]
The 2/5th Battalion, Lancashire Fusiliers was formed in 1939 as a duplicate of the 1/5th. It was part of the197th Infantry Brigade, the 2nd-Line duplicate of the 1st-Line125th Infantry Brigade.[62] It served with the66th Infantry Division until 23 June 1940, when the division disbanded. The brigade was then transferred to the59th (Staffordshire) Infantry Division. Theylanded in Normandy as part ofOperation Overlord on 29 June 1944 and first saw action in early July at Malon on the North West outskirts ofCaen as part ofOperation Charnwood, where they suffered 121 casualties. They also took part inOperation Pomegranate and the battles on the Orne River. Of all the companies in this battalion, B Company stood out for the highest number of officers killed (in just two months, B Company lost three commanding officers, andall officers on a company attack just outside Vendes). On 21 August 1944, the divisional commander,Major-GeneralLewis Lyne, late of the regiment, visited the battalion and informed them that the 59th Division was to be disbanded, due to a severe shortage of infantryman at the time, in order to provide replacements for other infantry units, and most had been battered during the recent heavy fighting. As a result, on 26 August, the battalion was officially disbanded and the companies were dispatched to different British battalions and divisions in the21st Army Group. A Company was sent to 7thRoyal Welch Fusiliers (53rd (Welsh) Division), B Company to 2ndGordon Highlanders (15th (Scottish) Division), C Company to 2ndGlasgow Highlanders (15th (Scottish) Division) and D Company to 1stEast Lancashire Regiment (53rd (Welsh) Division).[63] The 59th Division was considered byGeneralSir Bernard Montgomery to be one of the best and most reliable divisions in his21st Army Group; it was only chosen for disbandment because it was the youngest British division in France. The Battalion War Diary claimed it to be "A sad day. 5 years of training for 8 weeks fighting, and unfortunately the break up of the battalion leaves the Regiment without representative in this Theatre of War".[64]
The 2/6th Battalion, Lancashire Fusiliers came into being as a 2nd Line duplicate of the 1/6th Battalion. Like the 2/5th Battalion, the 2/6th Battalion was also part of197th Infantry Brigade in the 66th Infantry Division and was also transferred to59th (Staffordshire) Infantry Division after 66th Division disbanded. However, in October 1942, the battalion was transferred elsewhere when it was replaced in the 197th Brigade by the 1/7th Battalion,Royal Warwickshire Regiment. The 2/6th Battalion remained in the United Kingdom throughout the war, serving with many different brigades, including the211th infantry Brigade (part of the80th Infantry (Reserve) Division) from October 1942 to October 1943.[62] From July 1944, the battalion served with the203rd Infantry Brigade, part of the77th Holding Division, and acted in a training role for the rest of the war.[65]This 2/8th Battalion was formed as a duplicate of the 1/8th Battalion and began the war in the199th Infantry Brigade, alongside the 6th and 7thManchester Regiment, part of the 66th Infantry Division and later was transferred to the55th (West Lancashire) Infantry Division when the 66th Division was disbanded in July 1940. It did not leave the United Kingdom and was disbanded in October 1944.[66]
The 9th (Service) Battalion, Lancashire Fusiliers was a hostilities-only battalion raised in June 1940[11] The battalion, commanded initially byLieutenant ColonelLewis Lyne, was very briefly assigned to the208th Independent Infantry Brigade (Home) until December, when it was reassigned to the125th Infantry Brigade, part of42nd (East Lancashire) Infantry Division, alongside the 1/5th and 1/6th Lancashire Fusiliers. Both the brigade and division had seen active service earlier in the year inBelgium,France andDunkirk. In late 1941, the 9th Battalion was converted to armour as143rd Regiment Royal Armoured Corps.[53] However, the regiment was disbanded in 1943.[67]
The 10th (Service) Battalion was also raised in 1940[11] and served for a year in208th Independent Infantry Brigade (Home), alongside the 9th Battalion, 13thKing's Regiment (Liverpool) and 22ndRoyal Fusiliers.[68] In 1942, it was shipped toIndia and fought in theArakan Campaign 1942–1943 as part of7th Indian Infantry Division, with23rd Indian Infantry Brigade.[69] The battalion was disbanded on 31 October 1945.[70]
The 11th (Service) Battalion was a hostilities-only battalion raised in 1940, originally as the 50th (Holding) Battalion, whose role was to temporarily 'hold' men who were medically unfit, awaiting orders, on courses or returning from abroad.[11] In October 1940, the battalion was redesignated the 11th Battalion. The 11th Battalion served in the garrison ofMalta during theSiege with the233rd Infantry Brigade.[71] In July 1944, it was to be disbanded but instead it was transferred to the66th Infantry Brigade, serving alongside the 2nd Battalion,Royal Scots, aRegular unit, and 1st Battalion,Hertfordshire Regiment, aTerritorial. The brigade became part of1st Infantry Division, which was serving in theItalian Campaign, where it took part in the fighting on theGothic Line, suffering severe casualties. Early in 1945, the 11th Battalion was transferred toPalestine with the rest of the 1st Infantry Division and remained there for the rest of the war.[72]
In 1948, all infantry regiments of the British Army were reduced to only a single regular battalion and the 2nd Battalion was disbanded and merged with the 1st Battalion.[73]
The battalion served inEast Africa in 1952 during theMau Mau rebellion.[73]
In 1968, the Regiment was amalgamated with the other regiments of theFusilier Brigade – theRoyal Northumberland Fusiliers,Royal Warwickshire Fusiliers and theRoyal Fusiliers (City of London Regiment) – to form theRoyal Regiment of Fusiliers.[74]
The 5th Battalion was reformed but disbanded when the TA was reduced into theTAVR in 1967. The battalion's lineage was continued by retaining acompany in the 4th BattalionQueen's Lancashire Regiment and subsequently theLancastrian and Cumbrian Volunteers on its formation in 1999.[75] The other TA battalions were all reconstituted as anti-aircraft (AA) units inAnti-Aircraft Command:
AA Command was disbanded in 1955, and a number of disbandments and mergers took place among TA air defence units: 633 LAA Regiment was disbanded,[76][77] while four HAA regiments in the Manchester area, including 574 and 310, formed a new 314 HAA Regiment. By this merger, the 7th and 8th Bns Lancashire Fusiliers, both descended from the 56th Lancashire RVC, were brought back together. They formed Q (Salford) Battery in the new regiment.[79][81]
On 1 May 1961, Q Battery transferred to253 Field Regiment (The Bolton Artillery).[82][83] Since the reduction of the TA in 1967, the Bolton Artillery has existed as a battery of103 (Lancashire Artillery Volunteers) Regiment RA, but it no longer has a presence in Salford.[84]
A collection of military memorabilia and educational displays are in theFusilier Museum inBury.[85]
The regiment's battle honours were as follows:[11]
The following members of the Regiment were awarded theVictoria Cross:
Colonels of the regiment were:[11]
Thefootball team of the 1st Battalion was a member of theIrish Football League for the1891-92 season, while deployed inVictoria Barracks, Belfast, and won the Army Cup in 1896-97 while deployed toCustume Barracks, Athlone.[86][87][88]
In the television seriesDownton Abbey, the character Beryl Patmore has a nephew who serves with the Lancashire Fusiliers during the First World War.[89]
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