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Lambert Cadwalader
Portrait of Cadwalader byCharles Willson Peale, 1771
Member of theU.S. House of Representatives fromNew Jersey's at-large congressional district
In office 1793–1795
Preceded by	Aaron Kitchell
Succeeded by	Isaac Smith
In office 1789–1791
Preceded by	District created
Succeeded by	Abraham Clark
Personal details
Born	December 1742 (1742-12) Trenton,Province of New Jersey,British America
Died	September 13, 1823(1823-09-13) (aged 80) Trenton, New Jersey, U.S.
Resting place	Friends Burying Ground,Trenton, New Jersey
Spouse	Mary McCall ​ (m. 1793)​
Relations	John Cadwalader (brother)
Children	Thomas McCall Cadwalader
Parent(s)	Thomas Cadwalader Hannah Lambert
Education	University of Pennsylvania

Lambert Cadwalader (December 1742 – September 13, 1823) was an American merchant and leader inNew Jersey andPennsylvania. He fought in theRevolutionary War, then represented New Jersey in theContinental Congress and theU.S. Congress.^[1]

Lambert was born inTrenton, New Jersey, to DoctorThomas and Hannah (née Lambert) Cadwalader. By 1750, his family had returned toPhiladelphia, Pennsylvania, where he attended Dr. Allison's Academy.

In 1757, he entered theCollege of Philadelphia (later theUniversity of Pennsylvania), but did not graduate. Instead, he went into business with his brotherJohn Cadwalader.^[2]

The brothers' business was a success and they became more active in civic affairs, both in Philadelphia and the wider field of the colony of Pennsylvania. They signed the non-importation agreement in 1765, to support the boycott of English merchants. Lambert became a particularly outspoken opponent of theStamp Act and later measures. In 1768 he was elected to theAmerican Philosophical Society.^[3] In 1774, he has elected to the Provincial Assembly^{[citation needed]}, and, in Philadelphia, he was appointed to the city'sCommittee of Correspondence.

In 1775, Lambert returned again to the colonial Assembly.^{[citation needed]} He also advanced in the militia, and was named captain of one of the companies raised in the city. Then, in the spring of 1776, he played a prominent role in the call for a state Constitutional Convention. He was named as a delegate, but attended only the first few meetings, as military duty called him away.

In January 1776, Cadwalader had been promoted to lieutenant colonel of the3rd Pennsylvania Battalion of theContinental Army. Late in the summer, he was inNew York to aid that city's defense. He began work on building the defenses atFort Washington in August. After theBattle of Brooklyn, he worked withGeorge Washington to set up defenses on the Brooklyn Heights, but they were forced to withdraw toManhattan on August 30, because the British had overwhelming numbers.

The 3rd Pennsylvania returned to the defense of Fort Washington. At the beginning of the battle for the Fort, on November 15, Cadwalader was holding the old line on the Harlem Heights. Facing two British regiments, with three more landed to their rear, the Americans were forced to withdraw to the fort. When ColonelMagaw surrendered the fort on the next day, Cadwalader was among those taken prisoner. He was soon released, after giving his parole to BritishGeneral Howe. Lambert's quick release was partly due to the consideration that his father, Dr.Thomas Cadwalader, had shown to GeneralRichard Prescott as a prisoner of war in Philadelphia in 1776.

Early in 1777, Cadwalader was named colonel and commander of the 3rd Battalion, now called the4th Pennsylvania Regiment. He declined to take up the assignment because he was on parole and could not serve until exchanged. He was carried on the rolls for almost two years, but a suitable exchange was never arranged. Finally, after officer exchanges broke down, Washington accepted his resignation on January 29, 1777.

When the British occupied Philadelphia in 1777, he withdrew to his father's property nearTrenton, New Jersey. This home, called "Greenwood", would be his residence for the rest of his life.

In 1784, New Jersey selected him as a delegate to theContinental Congress. He would serve there for the remaining life of that institution, being returned each year until 1787. When the new government was established for theUnited States, Cadwalader was aFederalist in national politics. He was elected to theU.S. Congress twice, in 1788 and 1792.^[4]

Although eligible, Cadwalader did not join TheSociety of the Cincinnati as an original member when it was established in 1783. He did however qualify for membership and became eligible for representation by a living descendant after the "Rule of 1854" was adopted by the Society as a way to revive the membership.^[5][6]

In 1793, in his early 50s, Cadwalader married Mary McCall (1764–1848), the daughter of Archibald and Judith (née Kemble) McCall. They had one child:^[7]

• Thomas McCall Cadwalader (1795–1873), who married Maria Charlotte Gouverneur (1801–1867). Maria was the sister ofSamuel Laurence Gouverneur (1799–1865) and the niece ofElizabeth Kortright andU.S. PresidentJames Monroe.

He died at Greenwood, in Trenton, Mercer County, New Jersey on September 13, 1823, and is buried in theFriends Burying Ground at Trenton.^[4]

• The Society of the Cincinnati
• The American Revolution Institute

v t e Cadwalader family tree
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John Cadwalader (1677–1734) Martha Jones (1679–1747) Thomas Cadwalader (1708–1779) Hannah Lambert Elizabeth Lloyd (1742–1776) John Cadwalader (1742–1786) Williamina Bond (1753–1837) Lambert Cadwalader (1742–1823) Mary McCall (1764–1848) Archibald McCall (1767–1843) Elizabeth Cadwalader (1774–1824) Maria Cadwalader (1776–1811) Samuel Ringgold (1770–1829) Thomas Cadwalader (1779–1841) Thomas McCall Cadwalader (1795–1873) Maria Charlotte Gouverneur (1801–1867) George Archibald McCall (1802–1868) Samuel Ringgold (1796–1846) Cadwalader Ringgold (1802–1867) John Cadwalader (1805–1879) George Cadwalader (1806–1879) John Lambert Cadwalader (1836–1914) Mary Binney Cadwalader (1829–1861) William Henry Rawle (1823–1889) Emily Cadwalader (1834–1892) Frederic Rhinelander Jones (1846–1918) Mary Cadwalader Rawle (1850–1923) Beatrix Cadwalader Jones (1872–1959) Max Farrand (1869–1945)
Notes: "Cadwalader Family Papers"(PDF).Collection 1454.Historical Society of Pennsylvania. 2007. RetrievedMarch 10, 2011.

v t e Monroe family tree
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Lawrence Kortright (1728–1794) Hannah Aspinwall (1738–1777) James Monroe (1758–1831) Elizabeth Kortright Monroe (1768–1830) Hester Kortright (1770–1842) Nicholas Gouverneur (1753–1802) George Hay (1765–1830) Eliza Monroe Hay (1786–1840) Maria Hester Monroe (1802–1850) Samuel L. Gouverneur (1799–1865) Maria Charlotte Gouverneur (1801–1867) Thomas McCall Cadwalader (1795–1873) John Lambert Cadwalader (1836–1914)
Notes:

• 1742 births
• 1823 deaths
• Cadwalader family
• American Revolutionary War prisoners of war held by Great Britain
• Continental Army officers from Pennsylvania
• Continental Congressmen from New Jersey
• Members of the United States House of Representatives from New Jersey
• Politicians from Trenton, New Jersey
• People of New Jersey in the American Revolution
• American people of Welsh descent
• University of Pennsylvania people
• Members of the American Philosophical Society
• People from colonial Pennsylvania
• New Jersey Federalists
• 18th-century American merchants
• 18th-century members of the United States House of Representatives

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