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Lamalama language

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Australian Aboriginal language

Lamalama
Mbarrumbathama, Mba Rumbathama
Native to	Australia
Region	Queensland
Ethnicity	Lamalama
Native speakers	3 (2016 census)^[1]
Language family	Pama–Nyungan Paman Lamalamic Lamalama
Language codes
ISO 639-3	`lby`
Glottolog	`lamu1254`
AIATSIS^[2]	`Y136`
ELP	Lamalama

TheLamalama language, also known by theclan nameMbarrumbathama (Austlang) orMba Rumbathama, formerly known asLamu-Lamu orLama-Lama, is aPaman language ofQueensland,Australia. Lamalama is one of four languages once spoken by theLamalama people, the others beingMorrobolam (Umbuygamu),Mbariman-Gudinhma, andUmpithamu.^[3]

Naming and language relationships

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In January 2019, the ISO database changed its reference name to Lamalama, from Lamu-Lamu.^[4] As of August 2020^[update],Glottolog calls it Lamalama,^[5] whileAIATSIS' Austlang database thesaurus heading is Mbarrumbathama language.^[6]

Austlang says, quoting linguist Jean-Cristophe Verstraete (2018), that Lamalama,Rimanggudinhma (Mbariman-Gudhinma) andMorrobolam form agenetic subgroup of Paman known as Lamalamic, "defined by shared innovations in phonology and morphology". Within this subgroup, "Morrobolam and Lamalama form a phonologically innovative branch, while Rumanggudinhma forms a more conservative branch".^[7]

Phonology

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Consonants

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Consonants^[8]
		Labial	Dental	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Plosive	voiceless	p	t̪	t	c	k	ʔ
	voiced	b	d̪	d	ɟ
	prenasal	ᵐb	ⁿ̪d̪	ⁿd	ᶮɟ	ᵑɡ
Nasal		m	n̪	n	ɲ	ŋ
Fricative		ɸ	θ	r̝	ɕ		h
Lateral				l
Rhotic				r
Approximant		w		ɹ	j

Voiceless fricative sounds/ɸ,θ,ɕ,h/ are heard as voiced [β,ð,ʑ,ɦ] when in consonant clusters and in intervocalic positions.^[9]
Fricatives/θ,ɕ/ can be heard as laminal and alveolar fricatives [s̻,s] when in word-initial position in free variation among speakers.^[10]
/h/ can be heard as[x] when in word-initial position in free variation among speakers.^[10]
The fricative trill/r̝/ is also heard as voiceless[r̝̥] in free variation in initial positions.^[11]
The trill sound/r/ can be heard as voiceless[r̥] when in word-final contexts.^[12]
All labial consonants can also belabialized optionally within the onset of stressed syllables, or when after high-back vowel sounds.^[13]
Consonant lengthening[Cː] can be heard within the onset of stressed syllables.^[14]

Vowels

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Vowels^[15]
	Front	Central	Back
Close	i		u
Open	a

Vowel allphones^[16]
Phoneme	Allophone	Notes
/i/	[ɪ]	in unstressed syllables
	[ɨ]	in stressed syllables
	[ʉ],[ɵ]	when following labial consonants
/a/	[ɐ]	in free variation with [a]
	[ə]	in unstressed syllables
	[æ]	when in the context of palatal sounds
	[ɛ]	realized within the diphthong /ia/
	[ɔ]	realized within the diphthong /ua/
/u/	[ʊ]	in unstressed positions

Lamalama's vowels do not show contrastive length.^[17] There are twodiphthongs,/ia/ and/ua/.^[18]/ia/ can raise to[iɛ], and/ua/ can raise to[uɔ].^[19]

Notes

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^"Census 2016, Language spoken at home by Sex (SA2+)".stat.data.abs.gov.au. ABS. Archived fromthe original on 26 December 2018. Retrieved30 October 2017.
^Y136 Lamalama at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database,Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
^Crump, Des (20 July 2020)."Language of the Week: Week Eight - Lamalama".State Library Of Queensland. Retrieved15 December 2023.
^"lby".ISO 639-3. 25 January 2019. Retrieved7 August 2020.
^"4.2.1 - Lamalama".Glottolog (in Javanese). Retrieved7 August 2020.
^"Y136: Mbarrumbathama".AIATSIS Collection: AUSTLANG. 26 July 2019. Retrieved7 August 2020.
^"Y55: Morrobolam".AIATSIS Collection (Austlang). 26 July 2019. Retrieved7 August 2020.
^Verstraete 2019, p. 266.
^Verstraete 2019, p. 273.
^^a ^bVerstraete 2019, p. 272.
^Verstraete 2019, p. 275.
^Verstraete 2019, p. 276.
^Verstraete 2019, pp. 277–279.
^Verstraete 2019, pp. 276–277.
^Verstraete 2019, p. 279.
^Verstraete 2019, p. 280-281.
^Verstraete 2019, p. 280.
^Verstraete 2019, p. 281.
^Verstraete 2019, p. 282.

References

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Verstraete, Jean-Cristophe (2019). "Mbarrumbathama (Lamalama)".Journal of the International Phonetic Association.49 (2):265–288.doi:10.1017/S0025100318000105.S2CID 263081044.

Pama–Nyungan languages

Paman languages

North	Adithinngithigh Andjingith Anguthimri Alngith Linnithigh Mpakwithi Ndra'ngith Arritinngithigh Awngthim Luthigh Mpalitjanh Mbiywom Ndrangith Ndwa'ngith Ngkoth Unjadi Uradhi Atampaya Yinwum Wudhadhi Yadhaykenu Angkamuthi
Northeast	Umpila
Wik	Ayabadhu Kugu-Muminh Pakanha Wik-Me'nh Wik-Mungkan Wik-Ngathan Wik-Ompom
Lamalamic	Lamalama Morrobolam
Yalanjic	Barrow Point Gugu Yalandyi Kuku Nyungkal Guugu Yimidhirr
Southwest	Koko-Bera Kok Thawa Kunjen Ogh-Undjan Kuuk Thaayorre Kuuk Yak Yir-Yoront
Norman	Kurtjar Kuthant
Thaypan	Alungul Angkula Aghu Tharrnggala Ikarranggal Takalak Thaypan
Southern	Mbara-Yanga Mbabaram Walangama Wamin
Other	Djabugay Flinders Island Gugadj Kok Narr Mbariman-Gudhinma Umbindhamu

Eastern Pama–Nyungan

Dyirbalic	Dyirbal Nyawaygi Warrgamay Wulguru
Maric	Badjiri Bidjara Biri Kingkel Bayali Darumbal Warrongo
Waka–Kabic	Barunggam Gabi-Gabi Gureng Gureng Tulua Wakawaka Wuliwuli
Durubalic	Guwar–Pimpama Janday Nunukul Turrbal
Gumbaynggiric	Kumbainggar Yaygir
Wiradhuric	Gamilaraay Ngiyambaa Wiradjuri
Yuin–Kuric	Darkinjung Dharug Dhanggati Ngarigo Ngunnawal–Gundungurra Tharawal Dharawal Dhurga Dyirringany Thawa Yugambal? Marbal Worimi Awabakal Gathang
Gippsland	Dhudhuroa Gunaikurnai Bidhawal Pallanganmiddang
Yugambeh–Bandjalang	Waalubal Yugambeh Githabul Bundjalung
Other	Anewan Kalaw Lagaw Ya Yidiny Bigambal Guyambal Lower Burdekin Bindal

Southern Pama–Nyungan

Yotayotic

Kulinic

Kolakngat

Kulin	Bunurong Dja Dja Wurrung Ledji-Ledji Madhi-Madhi Wadi-Wadi Wathaurong Wemba Wemba Woiwurrung–Taungurung Yaran
Drual	Bungandidj Dhauwurd Wurrung Kuurn Kopan Noot

Kartu	Badimaya Malgana Thaagurda Nhanda–Nhanhagardi Wajarri Yinggarda
Kanyara–Mantharta	Kanyara Burduna–Baiyungu Thalanyji–Pinikura Mantharta Tharrgari Warriyangka Thiin Jiwarli
Ngayarta	Jurruru Kurrama Martuthunira Ngarla Ngarluma-Kariyarra Nhuwala Nyamal Nyiyaparli Panyjima Yindjibarndi Yinhawangka
Marrngu	Karajarri Mangala Nyangumarta

Northern Pama–Nyungan

Ngumpin–Yapa	Ngarrga Warlmanpa Warlpiri Ngumpin Walmajarri Djaru Gurindji Bilinarra Mudburra
Warumungu	Warumungu
Warluwaric	Wagaya Bularnu Yindjilandji Warluwarra Yanyuwa
Kalkatungic	Kalkatungu Yalarnnga
Mayi	Mayi-Kulan Mayi-Kutuna Ngawun
Yolŋu	Dhaŋu Dhuwal Djaŋu Djinba Djinaŋ Ritharrŋu Nhaŋu

Central Pama–Nyungan

Wati	Ngardi Wanman Western Desert
Arandic	Arrernte Kaytetye Lower Arrernte Pertame
Karnic	Arabana Diyari Mithaka Ngamini Yarluyandi Ngura Pitta Pitta Wanggamala Wangka-Yutjurru Wilson River Bundhamara new Wangkumara/Garlali Yandruwandha
Other	Baagandji Bulloo River old Wangkumara/Garlali Muruwari Barranbinja Yarli

Macro-Pama–Nyungan?

Macro-Gunwinyguan

Maningrida	Burarra Ndjébbana Gurr-goni Nakkara
Mangarrayi-Marran	Alawa Mangarrayi Marra Warndarrang Yugul
Gunwinyguan	Anindilyakwa Dalabon Gunbarlang Jawoyn Kunwinjku Ngalakgan Ngandi Nunggubuyu Rembarrnga Uwinymil Waray
Other	Gaagudju Kungarakany Wardaman Wagiman