| Laghuu | |
|---|---|
| Native to | Vietnam |
Native speakers | 300 (2002)[1] |
Sino-Tibetan
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | lgh |
| Glottolog | lagh1245 |
| ELP | Laghuu |
| This article containsIPA phonetic symbols. Without properrendering support, you may seequestion marks, boxes, or other symbols instead ofUnicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, seeHelp:IPA. | |
Laghuu (Vietnamese:Xá Phó,Phù Lá Lão) is aLoloish language spoken in northwesternVietnam.[2] In Nậm Sài,Sa Pa Town, the speakers' autonym isla21ɣɯ44, while inSơn La Province it isla21ɔ44.[3]The people are also called thePhù Lá Lão by the Vietnamese.
Edmondson considers Laghuu to be related to but not part of theYi language complex of China. Jamin Pelkey (2011) considers Laghuu to be aSoutheastern Loloish language.
Laghuu is spoken in the following locations by a total of about 1,000 people (Edmondson 1999 & 2002).
The Vietnam, Laghuu speakers are officially classified as part of thePhù Lá ethnic group. Some Laghuu are known as "Black Phu La," and others as "Flowery Phu La."
Words in Laghuu are typicallydisyllabic compounds, consisting of two single-syllablemorphemes, as in other Yi languages. A syllable may be divided into aninitial, arhyme, and atone. The initial is not obligatory, and it usually consists of a single consonant, though it may also be acluster consisting of a velar stop followed by a lateral. The rhyme consists of a nuclear vowel followed by aglide/-i,-u/ or a nasal coda/-m,-n,-ŋ/, with/ŋ/ being the most common coda nasal.[3]
Laghuu has the following consonants. In addition to these single consonants, Laghuu also allows syllables to begin with velar stop + alveolar lateral sequences:/kl,khɬ,gl,ŋkhɬ/.[3]
| Labial | Alveolar | Post- alveolar | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ŋ | |||
| Plosive and Affricate | prenasalized | ᵐb | ⁿd | ᵑɡ | ||
| aspirated | pʰ | tʰ | tʃʰ | kʰ | ||
| tenuis | p | t | tʃ | k | ʔ | |
| voiced | b | d | ɡ | |||
| Fricative | voiceless | f | s | ʃ | x | h |
| voiced | v | z | ʒ | ɣ | ||
| Approximant | l | |||||
Laghuu has the following vowels. Also, thediphthongs/ai/,/au/,/ɯi/ occur.[3]
| front | central | back | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| unrounded | rounded | |||
| High | i | ɿ | ɯ | u |
| Hi-mid | ə | o | ||
| Lo-mid | ɛ | ɔ | ||
| Low | a | |||
Laghuu has five tones:[3]
Sino-Tibetan branches | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| WesternHimalayas (Himachal, Uttarakhand,Nepal,Sikkim) |
|  | |||
| EasternHimalayas (Tibet,Bhutan,Arunachal) | |||||
| Myanmar and Indo- Burmese border |
| ||||
| East andSoutheast Asia |
| ||||
| Dubious (possible isolates) (Arunachal) |
| ||||
| Proposed groupings | |||||
| Proto-languages | |||||
Italics indicates single languages that are also considered to be separate branches. | |||||