In 1879, when theSaint-Nazaire-Croisic railroad was conceived by Parisian industrialist Jules-Joseph Hennecart that the tourist potential of the coast was recognised.[citation needed]
Just before the inauguration of the line, Hennecart bought 40 ha of dunes for the Society of Escoublac Dunes (Société des dunes d'Escoublac) and commissioned local architect Georges Lafont to design the new town. Lafont designed a long sand promenade named Avenue de la Gare (today Avenue du Général-de-Gaulle) and a chapel (see picture).[3] After the railroad opened Lafont built more than 250 villas, taking the lead in the development of theseaside resort.
In 1918, casino business magnate François André (seeGroupe Lucien Barrière) set up the redesigning of the La Baule resort based on theDeauville model by combining casinos, luxury hotels and sports facilities all on one site.
In the 1920s, Parisian businessman Louis Lajarrige designed theBois d'Amour district atLa Baule-les-Pins and formed an agreement with the railroad company to move the rails away from the seaside to ensure a direct access to the beach. On 27 July 1927 the new stations ofLa Baule-les-Pins andLa Baule-Escoublac were inaugurated while the old station was torn down to create a flower garden square. By that time, La Baule had become a fashionable seaside resort.[citation needed]
DuringWorld War II, La Baule formed part of the protective stretch of coast leading to the nearby harbour city ofSaint-Nazaire, home of one of the biggest U-boat stations that the Germans built. It not only serviced the German submarine fleet, but was also the only dry dock on the Atlantic capable of housing theGerman battleship Tirpitz, one of two Bismarck-class ships built for the German Kriegsmarine during World War II.
La Baule and the surrounding areas were heavily occupied by the Germans throughout World War II. During the occupation, a large number of Jewish residents and resistance members were deported to the concentration camps; in La Baule itself 32 Jewish men, women and children - the youngest of whom was 3 years old - were deported (with the assistance of the local French police) toAuschwitz where they all perished.[4]
In 2011, a small group of local residents formed a group to create a permanent memorial, in the form ofStolperstein, to the 32 Jewish deportees. There was a memorial in La Baule to 40 named war victims, with no mention there or on any other memorial of the 32 Jewish deportees. The Mayor refused to allow a request for the Stolpersteines to be installed, saying that to do so might infringe the French constitutional principles of secularism ("laïcité") and freedom of opinion ("liberté d'opinion") and that the Mairie would therefore need to consult theConseil d'État, France's constitutional court.[citation needed]
Germans troops fought in La Baule andSaint-Nazaire for nine months longer than in the rest of the department, surrendering on 11 May 1945 (3 days after the German unconditional surrender).[citation needed]
TheMusée Aéronautique Presqu'île Côte d'Amour (MAPICA), located at the airport, maintains a collection of restored historical French aircraft in flying condition.[12][13]
.jpg)
.svg)
